Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: biography

Nikita Muravev wayengomnye neenkokeli intshukumo Decembrist. Yena waba yimbangi-siseko idrafti yokuqala, yaye ngokufutshane likhokelwa i North uluntu eyimfihlo. Ngexesha kuvukela eSt Petersburg Muraveva kwikomkhulu wayengekho, kodwa elo wabanjwa lokusinyemba uyimpimpi.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Future Decembrist Muravev Nikita wazalwa ngoJulayi 30, 1795 eSt Petersburg. Weza kwintsapho eyaziwayo. Uyise, Mihail Muravev - Senator, njengabathenjwa kwiYunivesithi Moscow, umbhali kunye yekhasi utitshala inkulu. Mother uCatherine usuka kwintsapho odumileyo Russian amanene Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita Wabufunda ekhaya, yaye kamva waphumelela eMoscow University (Physics and Mathematics Department). Ekuqaleni kuka-1812 waba umbhalisi Collegiate. Noko ke, ehlotyeni waloo mfazwe. Umkhosi Russian yokuhlaselwa uNapoleon. Muravev Nikita ushiye indlu ngaphandle ingcaciso epheleleyo abazali, waya emkhosini. Ulutsha wabhalisela khona ibhanile. Waba lilungu eli phulo bezinye iintlanga umkhosi Russian ukususela 1813-1814. Ensign wabonakala phezu ledabi e Leipzig. Battle ngenxa yobukhulu yayo iye yaziwa ngokuba 'ukulwa kweentlanga. "

EYurophu,

Ekupheleni kwephulo Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich yadluliselwa Staff Jikelele. Noko ke, emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kuzo zonke ziyafana 1814 uNapoleon wabuya esekuthinjweni Elba. Ukuqala edume "iintsuku 100". Iimbovane ngeli xesha emva ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko eYurophu kuphangela kwi Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - enye iinjengele Russian ikomkhulu eVienna.

Ngehlobo lowe-1815 uNapoleon ekugqibeleni woyiswa. Lo mlawuli owayesakuba wathunyelwa kwisiqithi Saint Helena, apho wafela khona. Ngelo xesha, Muravev Nikita oselula ngoloyiso engena Paris. Njengabantu abanye amaphulo Russian amazwe, wamangaliswa yindlela ubomi eYurophu yahlukile evela izinto ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kuyinto kamva la mava kwabangela ukuba abantu abaninzi abaselula ukuba babe Decembrists. Okwangoku, Ants wabhiyozela enye uloyiso kunye nabahlobo bakhe. In Paris got oluninzi ngokubaluleka kwabandaziyo bakhe, wayedibana neenkokeli French Revolution - ubhishophu Anri Greguarom, umbhali uBhenjamin rhoqo, etc ...

Amazing

Ukuziva le backwardness weRashiya evela West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich emva kokubuyela ekhaya benamandla azimisela nemfundo yakhe. Nalapho ke wayesazi abaninzi Decembrists elizayo. Babelane iimeko ezifanayo biography: imfazwe, eli phulo phandle, uluvo ngolangazelelo simahla Europe.

Iimbovane wema imvelaphi imibutho zokuqala Decembrists. Ngowe-1816 kwathiwa wadalwa "Union of Usindiso," yaye ngo-1818 - ". Intlalo-ntle Union" Umbutho yokugqibela kuquka abantu abamalunga nama-200. Nngokobuchwepheshe iyimfihlo, kodwa eneneni sele kwaziwa ngokubanzi uluntu. Sasisazi ngayo yaye kanye phezulu. Injongo ye-Union kukufundisa abantu, ingakumbi, i ngamakhoboka. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich kunye nabaxhasi bakhe bakholwa ukuba ububi oyintloko yaseRashiya nje wobukhoboka lizwe. Xa umlimi bakhululekileyo babona ikamva eliqaqambileyo kweli lizwe.

"Union weNtlalontle"

I 'Union of ntle, "Nikita Muravev kunye Sergeem Trubetskim kunye Aleksandrom Muravevym (abazalani) wabhala uluntu somqulu -". Green Book "i Kulo iimfuno ezisisiseko amandla akanelisekanga ziye zavela. Babefuna ukupheliswa serfdom, ukutshatyalaliswa lobuzwilakhe kunye ukuvela-siseko Russian.

Kwi i "Green Book" Ndandisazi nokuba Alexander I. Ngaphezu koko, wamnika ukuba ukufunda ezihlangwini zakhe injongo - umninawa wakhe uKonstantin Nikolayevich. Ekuqaleni, umlawuli akazange anikele ingqalelo nokucwangciswa Decembrists, ucinga ukuba ulutsha fun lwenqila. Noko ke, ngo-1820, Alexander uluvo zaguquka emveni eYurophu kubekho neziphithiphithi eziliqela, yaye eRashiya nxamnye kwabasemagunyeni bagwilika bake butho.

idrafti siseko

"Union of ntle" itshitshisiwe ngo-1821. Emva kokuba ekwahlulweni mbutho Nikita Muravev laqalisa ukusekwa Northern Society. Okuhamba, wakhonza labaLindi. Ukuba naye e Minsk, Decembrist uyilo lokuqala siseko elizayo. Kubonakele Ngaphezu entsha kubalulekile imiqathango efunekayo endala. Siseko Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev yabhalwa ukuba ilizwe apho inkqubo feudal, ngenkani, ngewuthe kutshatyalaliswa zokuhlala zomkhosi (ngenxa yoko bagwilika bake butho). Ukumkani wayeza kuphela. Le projekthi iye wagxeka ezinye iinkokheli Decembrists.

Iimbovane yaba lilungu inelona futhe likhulu kuluntu Northern qho ngokulinganayo UNikolai Turgenev, kunye nabanye abantu abasebatsha. Decembrist akazange ungalibali ukugcina ukuqhagamshelana Pavlom Pestelem. Yena, ke, waba yintloko Southern Society, wada wenza Muraveva ilungu lomzimba wayo lolawulo - umlawuli, nangona ezinye iiyantlukwano eceleni.

Le yokubulawa ekuthinjweni

NgoDisemba 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, ogama engobomi ngumzekelo ubomi enye amanani ezibalulekileyo intshukumo Decembrist, wemka nentsapho yakhe iholide. Ngenxa yoku, amkhumbula zonke iziganeko ezinxulumene ukuzama ukuvukela, emi phezu Yeengwevu Square angoyiswa inkqubo karhulumente abagxekayo. Muraviev wabanjwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, nge-20 Disemba. indima yakhe yobunkokeli kubomi yombutho ofihlakeleyo Wathi Arkady Mayboroda, umhlobo owayesakuba Pestel kwaye kutshanje wajoyina i- Southern Society.

Ngowe-1826, phezu isigqibo abasemagunyeni, Ants wathunyelwa yabasebenzi nzima kangangeminyaka eli-15 (kamva isivakalisi lancipha). IKomiti Secret, ukuba aphande Kwimeko Decembrists, awabasondezayo umzobo yakhe imbali yoluntu olululo. Umntu Isigwebo ugwetywe entolongweni Chita kunye Petrovsky mveliso. Xa ekuthinjweni, waqhubeka ukunxibelelana nabanye Decembrists. Emva kweminyaka 10 Iimbovane yomsebenzi onzima waya azinze kwidolophana Urik Irkutsk. Apho ke abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, yaye aboniswa lokusila yakhe. Yena wafa eneminyaka eyi 47, May 10, 1843, yaye silindele ukuba uxolo uze ubuyele eSt Petersburg.