Njani le ikhampasi: ibali imvelaphi ngokufutshane

Yintoni na ikhampasi - yonke schoolchild uyazi. Ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza izifundo geometry, ukuzoba. Iiseti izixhobo zokuzoba ukuba umfundi ngamnye zeekholeji zobugcisa. Kodwa ceba esi sixhobo xa kukho ikhampasi? Inyaniso yokuba uzoba isangqa - oku siyaqondakala ukusuka circulus igama Latin, ukusuka apho igama insimbi. Xa Wabonakala kongqameko kuluntu?

Iintsomi Amabali of Ancient Greece

Malunga nendlela kwakukho ikhampasi, ngokufutshane Ndibalise kumabali Greece yamandulo. Umntu ngamnye kuthi uyayazi ibali Daedalus kunye nonyana wakhe Icarus. Kodwa bambalwa baye beva ukuba nazo utatomkhulu yaba umtshana, Talos, unyana wodade wabo. italente evelele waba mtshana igazi labo ngasekhohlo emva kokufa kwakhe, iintonga ezimbini elidityaniswe omnye komnye yaye bayakwazi ukuba zihlahle isangqa ogqibeleleyo. Le yaba ngekompas kuqala.

Talos owavela ivili wombumbi, xa wayeneminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala. Kwakhona bobabo indalo kunye akubona: le amathambo feat iintlanzi yakhe. Ukuba hayi ukufa Talos eselula, abaninzi ngokusazisa izixhobo okanye ezinye iindlela ezaziza kuba kwabonakala kakhulu ngaphambili. Kodwa ababhali-mbali bathi isixhobo ayikho kweminyaka ngaphantsi kwe-3 amawaka. I-Asiriya namaBhabhiloni babesebenzisa ikhampasi kunye nomlawuli kwi bokwakha, esizobela imigca ethe ngqo kunye nezangqa egqibeleleyo ezintlafunweni, iindonga zezindlu, phezu izitya neendebe. umthombo ekhethekileyo, ibali ngendlela kwakukho ikhampasi, ibali akuthethi igama, kodwa ngaphandle kuyo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bazobe isangqa ogqibeleleyo okanye kwiminyaka engamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo, kungekhona ngoku.

ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto

Abembi bezinto zakudala ngexesha bemba bubungqina ezahlukeneyo imvelaphi ikhampasi yamandulo. Ngokufunda ukungcwaba induli yamandulo, France, abembi bezinto zakudala bafumana ngesixhobo sentsimbi, ekube ngaphantsi kwe amawaka 2 iminyaka. Wangcwatywa phantsi eluthuthwini lokutsha isixeko yesiGrike UPompey, kwaba utsho zekhampasi wamandulo: uthuthu bafumana amaninzi ezi zixhobo zazenziwe ngobhedu. Kodwa Russia kwakukho iziphumo ezifanayo; ngexesha Ukumba archeologists Novgorod baye bafumana ikhampasi - mgawuli ngentsimbi. Kuba yintoni na izixhobo ze Novgorod? Kumaxesha amandulo eRashiya sasikuthanda izizekelo izangqa ekunene, kwaye asebenza kunye esisixhobo.

Malunga nendlela kukho ikhampasi, ibali imvelaphi yakhe kule mimandla - konke oku ayaziwa. ubudlelwane Urhwebo nge Byzantium zasekwa Lesiprofeto Oleg: ngaloo ndlela, uyazibonakalisa eRashiya, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinika umdla. Umdla kukuba uyilo isixhobo ayikatshintshi kangako. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ukusetyenziswa ngekompas, kuphela amacebo sele idityaniswe ineziseko zayo, nto leyo liqiniswe yaye liyatshona umlenze wakhe phambili.

Construction and bokwakha

Maxesha Tool ikuvumela ukuba ukwandisa achazwe apha ukuya ku-60 cm, kunye ikhampasi ukukhula original - 12 cm Abo benza kuyilo, imizobo, ikhampasi kuyimfuneko kakhulu :. ukwakha i arc, smooth isangqa nzima ngaphandle kwakhe. Kwi kwiitempile amandulo kubonakala ngakumbi, ukuba logama nje kukho iperi ngekompas, uyilo lwezakhiwo, uphahla wayefezekile. ungabona umfanekiso esandleni wezakhiwo, apho isixhobo obonakalayo olungaphambili amabandla yamandulo Georgian of weMtskheta.

Nabayili bezakhiwo, iinjineli, abakhi - abasebenzisi eziyintloko sixhobo, ngaphandle apho awukwazi ukwakha nantoni na. Compass kunye square - isixhobo sokuzoba osebenza nabayili. Ngaphandle kwabo, kwakungayi zidalwe isakhiwo enhle, efafazwe iglasi amabandla kumaXesha Aphakathi: kwi Notre Dame okanye St. Vitus Cathedral - Prague.

A Unezixhobo ezininzi

Njani ikhampasi, isishwankathelo sazo zonke kumabali fyabo echazwe apha ngasentla. Kwaye wathi kuyilo yayo ayitshintshanga. Kodwa umntu ngoyaba into yokuba kukho abafundi abaninzi ngekompas Classic analog. yenzelwe nje kuphela izangqa ukuzoba, kodwa ezinye iinjongo. Hi xikombiso, le ngekompas marker: baphathe ngayo mshini yomgama. Okanye calipers. Le efunekayo ukuze sibe nako ukutsala amancinci ukuze ubukhulu ingaba-2 mm isangqa. Ukuba ufuna umzobo owenziwe-inki, ebuhlanti ipensile umzobo kube lula indawo.

Imbi - ukulinganisa umjikelo ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukulinganisa iscale imaphu, uya kufuna Izahluli ngokulinganayo. Beemaphu, abahloli, matiloshe - bonke ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo ikhethekileyo. Kukho sisixhobo ebizwa ngokuba "olwandle".

Ukusetyenziswa in amayeza

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, njani, alujikeleza ayikhange itshintshe ngokuyintloko, kodwa yayo iye yandiswa kakhulu. Medicine - a yezobunzululwazi isebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo izixhobo. Kukho eqatha ikhampasi: lidini ezinkulu nezincinane. Baya bakhonza yalinganisa umzimba entlokweni yomntu, imilinganiso yalo enqamlezileyo. Ukusebenzisa le imbi ulinganiswa Ebubanzini amafutha ongama. Amaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa practice yokubelekisa: ixabiso nangobude isinqe abafazi abakhulelweyo. ikhampasi Weber kaThixo - yinto psychophysiologists sisixhobo; ke walinganisa umbundu uvakalelo yesikhumba kwabantu.

Nesayensi kunye nokusetyenziswa zokomfuziselo

On isibhakabhaka yethu kukho leKima, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "ikhampasi". Sikhoyo kwi ikhweyitha emazantsi, kufutshane kakhulu lekroza α-Centauri. Yinto encinane kakhulu. Akwenzeki ukuba ubukelwe phezu kummandla Russia. umxhasi Greek besayensi - uthixokazi Urania, kukho uphawulo yokomfuziselo ukuba umhlaba ikhampasi.

Ukususela ngoko, kwakubon 'ukuba kukho ikhampasi, waba uphawu lobulungisa. Kanye isikwere, isangqa ungaphandle imigca tye. Ngokwawo, isenze ngemfano isangqa ngechaphaza embindini - ke ubulungisa, kwaye umthombo wobomi. Kakuhle ngabo bonke ababengabakhi kunye neengcibi zamatye, wathabatha omfuziselo yayo isixhobo ezimbini zobunjineli ezibalulekileyo - isikwere kunye ngekompas, esalo imifanekiso yazo. Bafuzisela ihlabathi namazulu, kunye nakumbindi - unobumba «G»: geometry okanye bOyena Uphakamileyo.

I-Chinese wasebenzisa icon ikhampasi ukuba sesona ukuziphatha zawo ezichanekileyo. umlawuli chinese fo-hi, ngubani ithathwa ongenakufa, esetyenziswa iimpawu zakhe ikhampasi, yaye nodade wabo - isikwere. Bobabini, bamele "yin" yaye "yang": iyangqinelana yobomi.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo isikwere kwakungumqondiso umzimba wenyama kunye isangqa - imeko yakhe yokomoya. Ngenxa yoko, esangqeni echazwe kunye ngoncedo ikhampasi - oko luphawu ekupheleleni umphefumlo womntu.