Barcelona: Sagrada Familia. Barcelona: iindawo ezinika umdla, photo. ibandla zwe e Barcelona

Isixeko ekhethekileyo ngokwenene Barcelona. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, ezo ezihonjiswe iifoto amaphepha iimagazini ukuhamba, wawangawangisa ukutyelela ilizwe nase-. Yaye nawuphi na umntu wajika ukuthanda isiphelo kule ndawo, kukho umnqweno akhe ukufunda okungakumbi ngembali yawo. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe, izityebi! Yasekwa amaRoma, eBarcelona (Spain, nase-) kwaye ngoku sigcina kumkhondo zonke zaphawula yophuhliso.

izakhiwo zenkolo

Ngomhla imbonakalo isixeko washiya eba negalelo of kweenkulungwane ezininzi kwenkcubeko zamaKristu. Barcelona iintlobo ezinika, kodwa umdla omkhulu kubakhenkethi iicawa ezindala kunye neetempile, ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi. Le Quarter zwe yeyona eziphawuleka kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo imbono yonqulo, indlu e Barcelona - Cathedral, ogama phawu oma ingca kufuphi emnyango yamarhanisi, ebonisa ukusulungeka St. Eulalia, umxhasi saint ibandla. ingaphakathi Unique ezitsala ingqalelo abakhenkethi ukuba Basilica ka Santa Maria del Mar, ukwakhiwa ngexesha babo ababehamba. Ukusuka nayiphi na ingongoma mzi obonakalayo, elinye ibandla lenkundla - wakha phezu kweNtaba Tibidabo Temple Yentliziyo Engcwele. Barcelona, enkosi izakhiwo data, nyaka ngamnye itsala amawaka abathandi lwezakhiwo, kodwa ke nani likhulu abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi, njengokubutha apha ukubona ebuncwaneni iphambili umzi - i Church of the Holy Family, ukwakhiwa ogama kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-19 ezifike kuyaqhubeka unanamhla. Izigidi zabantu kwiminyaka makhaya Barcelona ukonwabela indlela nanto Antoni Gaudí.

Sagrada Familia

Expiatory Temple of the Sagrada Familia, okanye indlu Sagrada Familia, nto leyo nayo amaxesha ngempazamo obizwa ngokuba yecawa, nangona enyanisweni ke ibandla - nal yenkcubeko nje kuphela Spain kodwa ihlabathi jikelele. asinamathinzi acacileyo izakhiwo kwi abakhenkethi akukho sibe ngaphantsi kwe iphiramidi of Cheops. Lo msebenzi wobugcisa iqukiwe kuluhlu UNESCO Heritage World, nangona ukuba ulwakhiwo isakhiwo awukagqitywa okwangoku. Nyaka ngamnye, Spain (nase-, Barcelona) ifumana abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu abafuna ukonwabela wazibonela etempileni. Buvele Sagrada Familia ngasemva isixeko ngokwenene ibonakala umxhelo. Ngomhla kwimbali ekwakhiweni kwayo uchaze ngezantsi.

Ukwakhiwa kwe Sagrada Familia

Ingcamango ekudaleni icawa intsukaphi ngo 1874 kakhulu kungalindelekanga, ngenxa isixa esikhulu yeminikelo imali. Sele 1881 ilizwe yathengwa ukuze kwakhiwe kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka Barcelona. Ewe, ekuqaleni itempile yakhiwa ngaphandle kwesixeko, kamva Barcelona lakhula ukuze Sagrada Familia ngoku ibekwe kwindawo unabantu abaninzi ezidolophini. Ngo March 1882 phantsi kobunkokheli wezakhiwo F. del Villar baqala ukubeka isiseko sakhiwo. Noko ke, nangona inani elikhulu imicephe kunye nokufumaneka kweemali ukwenzela ukwakhiwa, ekupheleni kuka-1882 ukuze zithathe inxaxheba ekwakheni wezakhiwo wala, ngenxa yokunqongophala yesivumelwano phakathi kwakhe kunye abathengi. Mhlawumbi ke kuza Barcelona ezinomtsalane abangaka lilodwa, ukuba, emva kokuba ukususwa komsebenzi kwi iprojekthi del Villar akayi idityaniswe kwimeko ngokupheleleyo yenzondelelo namandla womzobi Antoni Gaudí. Ngokwengcinga wakhe, ibandla ukuba ifumene ebixhamla ubuncwane kunene, ufana web yesigcawu, njengokwenziwa Art Nouveau. Bekucingelwa ukuba isakhiwo ziya fefa ezinde ezininzi, yokugoqoza phezulu, kunye nezinye uhombiso bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle ziya okuveza izinto ngamnye ezilungileyo, oko kukuthi, ukuzala, lokubethelela, ukuvuka kukaKristu, okanye ezinye izithethe yamaKatolika. Gaudi, kwafuneka ukuba abe woxande olude isanti, ezifana nezo ukuba uthando ehleli phezu elunxwemeni dama, ukwakha abantwana ibandla. Kwakuthetha ukuba spire umbindi kwicawa ngohlobo zomnqamlezo iya kuba ukuphakama kuyimitha 170, imitha enye ngezantsi ukuphakama Montjuic (iintaba kwisixeko Barcelona) - i tempile ukuba ingagqithi indalo ogqibeleleyo kaThixo.

Isicwangciso wamazwi Gaudi likaThixo

Imbali Barcelona ukuba alawule ngaxeshanye kunye ukwakha indlela Sagrada Familia, oko kuphela yakhiwe olungaphambili iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane. Ngeli xesha, umzi liye lakhula, ngokuthe ngcembe waye wajoyina i-era mveliso waza waqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukuhonjiswa of inqaba nganye Antonio Gaudi wanikela ingqalelo engakumbi. Ngomhla ukuzaliseka neepani zabo, wasebenza ngokuzimisela kwaye ungayekwa yena, yaye abaninzi baqonde ukuba yintoni na wezakhiwo uya ngokuchitha kangaka imali, ixesha kunye nomgudu ukwakha, kuba umhlaba azazi iincopho ezinde ziyabonakala. Gaudi waphendula wathi: "Ukuba musa ubona abantu, uya kubona iingelosi."

Barcelona wakhula. Temple wakhula kunye nayo. Ijoliswe ekwakheni olungaphambili amathathu: isiva, iKrismesi kunye baluzuko lukaKristu. Umakhi wayesazi ukuba ixesha analo lifutshane loo kwexesha, akayi kuba ngokwaneleyo ukuze benze ubunyani ingcamango grand ubomi babantu. Kwafuneka ukuba isigqibo sokwakha lokuqala eziqalelo wezakhiwo ezintathu. Wenza isigqibo esixhasa Yokuzalwa olungaphambili, kuba abanye emfihlekweni lokubethelela uKristu bakwazi ukoyikisa abantu, noluvo yabo ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kuphela iminikelo. Ngexesha 1909-1910 biennium. Le tempile yakhiwa esikolweni kumarhamente, ngoko kwakhona kwingcamango Gaudi. Ekuqaleni yayakhiwe njenge isakhiwo okwethutyana, ngoko kwakungekho iindonga umthwalo-zithwele nezinto nomphakathi kube lula, oko unako lula ukutshintsha ubeko isithuba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngelishwa, umfanekiso oluchanileyo sikolo watshabalala.

ukufa umakhi ukuba

November 30, 1925 ulwakhiwo Yokuzalwa olungaphambili sagqitywa, Gaudi wayeza ukuqala ukwakhiwa inxalenye eseleyo sakhiwo. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo wezakhiwo iye yafumana itsala unique Barcelona - icawa ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo yamaKatolika iCawa kunye neempawu, izicatshulwa ngokwendlela le ezinkonzweni kunye yeVangeli. Bonke kuvuliwe phezu kwentloko yayo loo mini kakubi-lombutho, Juni 7, 1926. Antonio Gaudi oneminyaka eli-73 ubudala wankqonkqoza tram xa waya kwinkonzo ibandla. Umakhi ukuba kakubi kakhulu enxibe, wanyuselwa ukuze sikwazi ukuhamba kwaye abazange bade ndinikhathaze ukuba amse esibhedlele. June 10, 1926, kancinane phambi kweminyaka eli-74 iminyaka, Gaudi wafa. Barcelona uphulukene umntu omkhulu! Ngebhayisekili ngezandla zakhe, ngoku wayezimisele ukubona izigidi zabantu, ngaphandle bona nje akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso umzi. Kwaye akukho nje Sagrada Familia, nangona, Kakade ke, ngumsebenzi enkulu lokwakha. Apha ke wangcwatywa - wangcwatywa Gaudi sidle isakhiwo Sagrada Familia.

Ukuqhubeka umsebenzi Antonio

Ukwakhiwa ibandla emva kokufa inkosi yalo ayikho wayeka, waqhubeka umfundi abanetalente womzobi - Sugranes Domenech, owayesebenza kunye Gaudí ukususela 1902. Kakade ngawo mu-1930 kwakhiwa emva kodonga ezinye ezimbini, bona, abe mabini, njengawokuqala, zazihonjiswe kunye imizobo, izicatshulwa zeZibhalo eqingqiweyo. Noko ke, olunye elandelwa amaxesha kunzima. Ukungabikho iminikelo, imfazwe esondeleyo kunye imfazwe yamakhaya yakhokelela ekwakhiweni itempile ngokoqobo wayeka, kude kube ngu-1952. Ngoko ke ukwakha isakhiwo liqale, kodwa, nangona amashumi eminyaka, umsebenzi owenziwayo rhoqo, de kugqitywe yokugqibela kwesicwangciso Antonio Gaudi nangoku kude kakhulu kude. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukugqiba ukwakhiwa ezine foot-120 Tower ozinikezeleyo Evangelist uMarko, uYohane, uMateyu, noLuka. Phezu kwenqaba imitha-170 ka-Kristu, ngokwengcinga womzobi, kufuneka ufake umnqamlezo, kunye nezinye ezine - iidiliya njengomfuziselo iSidlo. Ukuba akukho akayi kuvuka kwazo naziphi na iimeko ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye ulwakhiwo luya kuqhutywa ngokwesicwangciso, ngo 2026, waqala khona ukuya emva kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ulwakhiwo omkhulu ekugqibeleni lugqityiwe. Isiphelo isakhiwo ozukileyo ukulinda nje Barcelona. Nceda ukwakha abantu itempile ehlabathini lonke, loo mnikelo yenziwa njengamaKristu kunye namalungu nezinye iinkolo. Ngokomzekelo, kutshanje kubekho wokufika ebonakalayo kwemali evela Japan.

Church Yentliziyo Sacred

Barcelona uye ezinika ekhethekileyo ngokwenene. Abafoti evela ehlabathini lonke eze apha ukuze ukufaka kulo mzi yamandulo mihla ezakhiwe ebalaseleyo. Kodwa akuyi kuba nako ukwenza intetho epheleleyo capital Catalan, ukuba akunjalo ukuya ku Tibidabo Intaba kwaye ukusuka kumgangatho mkhanya ongakuthandiyo iimbono mihle komzi. Kulapha ke wakha indlu Intliziyo eNgcwele, ngaphezu kwayo kumi lomzobo kaKristu, iingalo zakhe gona lonke ihlabathi.

Imbali kunye umhombiso ibandla

Iguqulwe kwigama lesiLatini lentaba Tibidabo iyalila "unika." Ukuba uyakholwa ilivo, ukusuka encotsheni yentaba uYesu ahendwe ngumtyholi, ebonisa bonke ubuhle emhlabeni. ibandla Expiatory Yentliziyo kaKristu phezulu Tibidabo, ezibonakalayo ngoko ke nawuphi na kwikona Barcelona. Le nkonzo ke yenzelwe waza waqala ukwakha ngo-1902 yi-wezakhiwo Enrik Sane. Ukwakhiwa itempile ngo-1961, Waqukumbela unyana wakhe, Josep.

Temple Yentliziyo engcwele ezihonjiswe kwi Romanesque kunye Gothic izimbo. Le nohombisoa zonke ezi mpawu ntsingiselo zokwakha - yaye side kwemi elingunxantathu nesezindlu wabuya wavuka ngaphezu yokungena, kunye neefestile neengqameko yokuqala. crypt Lower iqulathe neenafu emihlanu apses ellipsoidal, bakhonza nabo njengeqonga egumbini eliphezulu, apho ababini amanyathelo eqinileyo. umhombiso yokwenene umhombiso embindini ibandla kumi zayimosaic emibalabala - walihlahlisa izithethe vutshila kwangexesha lamaByzantine. Xa imifanekiso itempile ndizilandile nje imigca ibali kwimbali yakutshanje eSpeyin, baye bonke abantu amelweyo iimpahla zale mihla. izinto zwe - window emxinwa, ntsho kungena turrets esibhakabhakeni, wakhomba neengqameko, zaba nemikrolo ngombala obhityileyo - ukunika weightlessness ibandla nondiliseko, kodwa iqingqiweyo ukudala isimo komthendeleko iyingangamsha. isakhiwo olungaphambili zinokuhonjiswa imisebenzi ezandleni Catalan inkosi Eusebi arnau - kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo abangcwele uYakobi George, kwakunye nguMama kaThixo, yaye inxalenye engentla ibandla limelwe zililo enye nomkroli yokuluka Josep Miret. steeple ibandla Central buphuma yi umfanekiso wegolide kaKristu efanayo kwihlabathi lesikhumbuzo edumileyo uMhlanguli eRio de Janeiro. Xa esisekweni sculpture lelona liphezulu Barcelona ukuqwalaselwa kuzivathisa nembono omangalisayo kulwandle iMeditera ezingapheliyo kwaye zihlanjwe amaza alo ngobunono kwesihloko Catalan.

Cathedral (Catedral de Barcelona)

Imephu ezinomtsalane kufuneka iquke Barcelona Cathedral, nto leyo yesibini igama - Barcelona Cathedral. Kule itempile nabasemzini ukwalathisa iinyawo zabo kulo lonke ihlabathi, ngenxa yokuba lo apho izinto ezingcwele oyiNgcwele Martyr Eulalia of Barcelona, wafa eneminyaka engama-13 kunyaka 304 emva kokuba uKristu. Ngenkulungwane 4, xa Eulalia wahlala ezweni nase- kweyisa lobuhedeni, kodwa intombazana wawongwa kungokukholwa kuYesu, kuba ngawo itshiswe. Of emlonyeni Umzabalazo ngaphambi kokuba afe ihobe Yaphaphazela yeza, kwaye ngexesha elinye, wabasiki yawa njengekhephu. Kwathatha eziliqela, yaye Eulalia zichongwe njengengcwele kwaye christened le patroness of Barcelona, imbeko yakhe embindini Quarter Gothic lwakwakhiwa yecawa ephambili kweso sixeko.

Catedral de Barcelona (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi) izaliswe izinto ezininzi nembali kunye nezenkolo. Kwindlela yayo ummandla wayo waqalisa ukuba ukususela 1268, xa lwakwakhiwa ndlwana. Ukususela kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane 15 - ovethe engenakuphikiswa umzi. Ukwakhiwa kwetempile lathatha iminyaka 122, isakhiwo wamiswa ngqo amabhodlo sonto yamaRoma. Ezinye izinto, umzekelo, i-spire zenziwa kakhulu kamva. Namhlanje ifika abakhenkethi Barcelona aqonde nobukhulu izakhiwo kunye eligcwele wabulawayo iinkcukacha nganye. Ngokwekhalenda omelene kwintendelezo yecawa zidakasa amadada amhlophe - uphawu ntumbuluko Eulalia. Ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo zigcinwa iitempile zamaKristu: iintsalela oNgcwele, ulele a sarcophagus, nomfanekiso kaYesu kunye inqanawa ezathatha inxaxheba Idabi Lepanto. Barcelona Cathedral i lesikhumbuzo zobugcisa kunye nembali ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Eulalia oyiNgcwele iziqu yi amaKatolika Orthodox, ngoko ke itempile iphawuleka abameli omabini iicawa. Ukongeza, i-Catedral de Barcelona isebenza kwisihlalo uBhishophu of Barcelona.

Church of the Holy Virgin Sea

Owesibini yokwakha yonqulo ibalulekileyo emva Cathedral elikomkhulu nase- wabona Basilica ka Santa Maria del Mar. Le ibekwe kwindawo kwizibuko wembali, kwikota Ribera, apho abenzi bemilingo yorhwebo oomatiloshe, abarhwebi kunye izidwangube waphila. Imbeko kwayo maze kwezitalato ezivaliweyo nebandla aphakathi wamiswa. Le lusisisekelo esibalulekileyo sendalo womzobi Berenguer de Montaguta yasekwa ngo-1329, yaye ngowe-1383-m yagqitywa ukwakhiwa. Ngaphambili, xa ngenxa elwandle intlenga zendalo lweMedia ukuza kuthi ga wema yecawa zisiya kwi elunxwemeni kwamanzi. Ngomhla tympanum kumqukumbelo weBhayibhile ebizwa ngokuba nesezindlu distinguishable Deesis - inani kaKristu uhleli etroneni, emacaleni eziphezu ethangeni kaMariya noYohane. Emlilweni, owenzeka ngo-1936, wabatshabalalisa imifanekiso ezininzi, yaye, ukongeza kula manani, wasinda kuphela oqingqiweyo uPawulos noPetros. imifanekiso umdla kakhulu elingumfanekiso ukuba bahombise amatye Arch. Eyokuqala oqingqiweyo kaMariya (Madonna) ngentla kwesibingelelo engundoqo, nto leyo ibekwe ezinyaweni xinyenyana sculpture i wesandla wezakhiwo yokomfuziselo kwindlu yonqulo. Ekunene webandla encinane yembutho elimiswe sisikhumbuzo ngokohlobo zemidlalo yeqonga. Ngomhla iindonga nokuzinikela eqingqiweyo ukuya Catalans, abulawa phakathi wayesilwa umkhosi uPhilip V ngowe-1714.

Orthodox e Barcelona

Ukususela ngo-2002, xa ikomkhulu nase-, olibambela Russian Church Orthodox. Ekuqaleni, inkonzo kwenzeka ecaweni ka Santa Maria Reina, kwaye ngeentsuku ezithile - in weemonki Montserrat kunye Barcelona Cathedral. Noko ke, le ndawo yabelwe kukuliphi, akwanelanga ukuba liyanda inani amarhamente wamvusayo lo mbuzo lokufumana isakhiwo eyodwa enesithuba ofisi, leyo azikwazanga kusekwa kwaye igcinwe iconostasis, izinto ibandla. Ukuze ezi njongo, ukusetyenziswa irenti yeCawa Orthodox Russian ngo-2011, wanikwa etempileni lama St. George, wakha isimbo neo-yothando phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngoku ke ibandla Annunciation - Orthodox e Barcelona, nto leyo ukufikelela zonke ikholwa, ngokuthanda isiphelo saba phezu komhlaba nase-.