ISivumelwano plussa: imeko nexabiso

ISivumelwano plussa - esi sivumelwano, ekwavunyelwana ngaso phakathi eRashiya Sweden ngo-1583. Eli yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekugqityweni kwi Livonian War. Ekuqaleni, oko sasayinwa iminyaka emithathu, emva koko amaqela kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba uxolela eminye iminyaka emine. Inkqubo-thethwano wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela, ngenxa yokuba ixesha zemfazwe kunye wengxabano umdla phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

prehistory

ISivumelwano plussa babhengeza iziphumo ngeziqu yindinisa phakathi kwamazwe amabini phezu kunxweme lweBaltic. ilizwe lethu wanqanyulwa ukufikelela elwandle evela entla emva Mongol ukuhlasela, kwaye ukuya kwinkulungwane XVIII walwa ukuze kubuyiselwe eli lungelo. Bafuna ukuphepha imeko Polish-Lithuanian. Le mfazwe yapheliswa kakubi ilizwe lethu kunye unyaka phambi kokuba umnqophiso ka plussa esayiniweyo, urhulumente Russian utyikitye agreement engokutshintshwa ukuya utshaba Livonia kunye Polotsk.

uqeqesho

Inkqubo-thethwano ngo-1583, sanekiwe phezu kwizigaba ezininzi. Ekuqaleni, amaqela utyikitye isivumelwano lokuqala iinyanga ezimbini. Inguqulelo yokugqibela yesivumelwano yakhutshwa kuphela ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-2, ilizwe lethu kunye norhulumente Swedish ziye zagqiba ekuthiwa-sivumelwano lwesibini plussa, oqale ukusebenza kancinane emva koko.

amalungiselelo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwamagunya kuqala bengakwazi ukufikelela kwizibhambathiso phezu imiba indawo. Into nje abanayo - i imvume kwehlabathi. Isivumelwano yesibini sele eziqulethwe izibonelelo ezithile ngokuphathelele icandelo eziphathekayo. Ubunzima esingundoqo kwilizwe lethu walala yokuba abathunywa Swedish kuya engabumbeki eMoscow phezu amazwe, nto leyo wathabatha umkhosi wayo ngexesha umlo. Ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukubamba kwizixeko eziliqela, ezifana Yam, Koporje kunye nabanye kunye counties zabo. Kodwa ilizwe lethu ikwazile ukugcina ukufikelela kwi elwandle ngokusebenzisa sicatshulwa elimxinwa emlanjeni Neva.

inani

ISivumelwano plussa, umhla apho - ngo-1583, iziphumo imfazwe ezimbaxa phezu koLwandle iBaltic. Ngelishwa, iRashiya abangekafezekisi njongo ubukhulu becala ngenxa imeko seyide yezopolitiko (lizwe iye buthathaka ngokwezoqoqosho ngenxa oprichnina). Russia uphulukene inani kweendawo ngobuchule kubalulekile, kodwa waqhubeka umlomo a Neva. Asimele silibale ukuba le minyinyiva lizwe okwethutyana. Phakathi kwiminyaka embalwa emva imfazwe waqala kummandla osemantla, apho waba ukubaluleka efanayo macala omabini.