Biography emfutshane Radischeva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga umbhali

Radishchev emsebenzini yakhe edumileyo, wabhala ngendlela nabuntu abaqeshisi iindleko kunye ngamakhoboka zabo. Wathi ukungabikho amalungelo abantu, ubundlobongela obenziwa kuye. Alexander wamisela umzekelo yemvukelo ka ngamakhoboka, uwexulwe lithemba. Kuba oku kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule olukhulu. Aleksandra Radischeva wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni ... Kuko konke oku kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi na baziqhelanise biography Radishchev.

Origin Radishcheva

Masiqalise kunye ukunikelwa hero yethu. Radishchev Alexander Nikolaevich - umbhali odumileyo Russian kunye umlandeli 'intanda zemfundo. " Biography Radishcheva iqala Agasti 31, 1749 (Style Old - 20 Agasti). ngoko wazalwa Alexander. Radischev Afanasiy Prokopevich, uyisemkhulu umbhali elizayo, wayengomnye uPetros kuhlekwe. Wavuka ke isikhundla, uBrigadier. Unyana wakhe Nicholas Athanasius Petrovich wamnika imfundo elungileyo. Nicholas Afanasievich Radishchev Saratov mhlaba. Kwaye Thekla Stepanovna, unina Alexander kaThixo kwintsapho Argamakovyh, intsapho endala amanene. Unyana wakhe omdala Alexander Radishchev. Biography kunye nemisebenzi umbhali enkulu Yaduma loo gama.

Uqeqesho kwi ekunene Ablyazov eMoscow

estate likayise ibekwe kwi-Upper Ablyazov. Alexander bafunda ukufunda nokubhala Russian phezu Psalter kunye Book of Hours. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, oko wabelwa ukuba isiFrentshi, kodwa ukhetho utitshala saba sibe akuphumelelanga. Kamva safumanisa ukuba engumFrentshi wayelijoni obalekayo. UTata wagqiba ukuthumela eMoscow unyana wakhe. ke apha endaphathiswa nokunyamekelwa kwezi Frenchman-womntwana, ngubani ngaphambili yaba ngumcebisi kwiPalamente of Rouen, kodwa kwafuneka abaleke intshutshiso Louis XV.

Alexander ngo 1756 wathunyelwa kwisikolo amanene, kukuba kwiYunivesithi eMoscow. Kwiminyaka emithandathu yoqeqesho waqhubeka kuyo. E Moscow, ngoSeptemba 1762 i ibekwa ka uCatherine II. iingangamsha abaninzi ababenyuselwe kuluhlu kwesi sihlandlo. Biography Radishchev yabalasela isiganeko esibalulekileyo kuye Nov. 25: Alexander wanikezelwa kumaphepha.

Njengoko Radishchev zwi

Wafika eSt Petersburg ngoJanuwari 1764, waza wafunda kwi Corps of Amaphepha ukuya 1766 Xa uCatherine wagqiba ukuthumela kwizifundo zenzululwazi e Leipzig, namatshawe 12 abatsha, kubandakanywa - iphepha 6, impumelelo ukwahlula ekufundiseni nokuziphatha, iye yaba yenye yezo zinethamsanqa and Radishchev . Xa abafundi kwendisa ngaphandle, uCatherine II ngokobuqu imiyalelo njengoko oko bafanele bakwenze ebhaliweyo. imali ebonakalayo yabelwe isiqulatho lwabo - ekuqaleni ngenxa 800 engange, kwaye ngo-1769 - amawaka omnye ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ubomi Leipzig

Noko ke, uMajor Bocoum, obemiswe ukuba inyameko kubanumzana, kokubamba ubeka imali ebonakalayo xa ubabalo, ngoko abafundi kufuneka. Radishchev, ogama engobomi sinomdla kuzo, wathetha malunga nokuhlala lwakhe kwi "uBomi FV Ushakov". Thina iindidi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu abantu abaselula Leipzig. Ebebefunda bulumko, nomthetho, imbali. Ngokutsho imiyalelo uCatherine II kaThixo, abafundi ezibandakanya ngokuthanda, kunye 'nezinye izinto zenzululwazi. " Radishchev wanyula chemistry kunye namayeza. Waba nomdla kuzo kungekhona engahlawulwayo, kodwa embi kakhulu. Alexander sidlule kwi yoviwo ugqirha waza wenza ngempumelelo unyango. Omnye imicimbi yakhe ayithandayo uya kuhlala ngonaphakade kwiklasi chemistry. Radishchev wayesazi iilwimi ezahlukeneyo (isiLatin, isiFrentshi, isiJamani). Kamva, wafunda Italian kunye IsiNgesi nazo. Emva kokuchitha iminyaka emi-5 e Leipzig, Radishchev, efana namaqabane akhe, yena ndilibele ulwimi Russian. Ngoko ke waqalisa ukujongana nabo ekubuyeni kwabo eRashiya phantsi kobunkokheli unobhala Ekateriny Hrapovitskogo.

Ukubuyela eSt Petersburg, wakhonza iNdlu Yeengwevu

Ekugqityweni uqeqesho Alexander waba yindoda zizifundiswa, ngelo xesha hayi okuninzi, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe lethu kodwa ehlabathini. Ngowe-1771 Radishchev wabuyela eSt Petersburg. Kungekudala wajoyina mibhalo ukuba iNdlu Yeengwevu. Isikhundla Umcebisi titular Alexander ngokufutshane wakhonza ulwazi kubi abaziintsizana ulwimi lweenkobe, kwaye esikalini abaphathi sibheno kwaye oomabhalane association.

Service kwikomkhulu Bryusova I V kamerts College, umtshato

Radishchev wagqiba ukungena kwikomkhulu Jikelele-in-Chief of Bryusov, ngubani umthetho eSt Petersburg. Waba umphicothi oyintloko. Alexander ngo 1775 umhlala, unyuka usiya isikhundla ezinkulu yesibini. Rubanovskii, omnye amaqabane akhe Leipzig, wazisa Aleksandra Radischeva kunye nomntakwabo omdala yentsapho. Anna Vasilievna, intombi yokugqibela, kwaye nditshatile Alexander.

Ngowe-1778, yena asibhale phantsi asigcine abhalisela kwi kamerts-ibhodi isikhundla sokuba assessor. Ngowe-1788, Radishchev watshintshelwa kumasiko eSt Petersburg. Waba umncedisi umphathi uze nomphathi. Xa amasiko, kwaye kamerts College Alexander Radishchev kuzinikela owahlukileyo lwalo, ukungazingci, isimo sengqondo kakhulu nemisebenzi yabo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala zoncwadi

Ukufunda ukufunda ulwimi Russian bamrholela ekugqibeleni iisampulu zakhe zoncwadi. Ngowe-1773, Radishchev wapapasha inguqulelo imisebenzi Mably, waza waqalisa ukwenza imbali Russia weNdlu yeeNgwevu, kodwa watshabalalisa yokubhala.

Le ncwadi, nto leyo eye yazisa udumo babe ezibulalayo

Biography Radishcheva iyaqhubeka ukufa nomfazi wesifuba sayo. Kwathi ngo 1783. Emva koku, Alexander wagqiba ekubeni gxwa umsebenzi zoncwadi kwaye ufumane kukhuthaza. Wapapasha ngo ka1789 "The Life of Fedora Vasilevicha Ushakova ...". Radishchev, sibambe ummiselo uKumkanikazi izityalo yokushicilela ezamahala, waqala endlwini yakhe waza wakhululwa ngowe-1790, lo umsebenzi wakhe osihloko sithi "Journey ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya eMoscow."

Kamsinya nje le ncwadi yathengwa phezulu ngokukhawuleza. nokuqiqa Bold Alexander Nikolaevich malunga serfdom, kwakunye nezinye izenzakalo ubomi kwezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo elo xesha wabona kakhulu uCatherine II, apho umntu wanika "ezinika ...".

Yokuhlolwa ephosiweyo "Journey ..."

biography ukwazi Very Radishchev. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngaye baninzi. Abakwazi abanakwanela kwifomathi isihloko olulodwa. Noko ke, omnye wabo uya ngokuqinisekileyo kuba nagama. Book Radishchev wakhululwa ngokwemvume esezingeni yamatyala, okt isethi imingcele. Noko ke, malunga nombhali zonke inkqub liqalisile. Njani kunokwenzeka oku? Isibakala sokuba "Journey ..." wegqitha kuhlolwa kuba nje kumhloli karhulumente wacinga esi sikhokelo. Eneneni, xa efika kuqala, ukuze kubonakale - intloko kuthiwa kwiindawo imizi. Ifihla wakhangela umxholo kuphela yaye akazange sijonge le ncwadi.

YokuBamba nokuqiniseka

Thina ngoko nangoko wamazi umbhali le misebenzi, njengoko negama layo kule ncwadi azicaciswanga. Noko ke, emva kokubanjwa zomrhwebi Zotov, ivenkile leyo wathengisa umsebenzi Radishchev safumanisa ukuba i-Alexander uyagula-lombutho wabhala waza wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe. Radishchev wabanjwa, yaye ityala lakhe "uyiphathise" wakuqhubela Sheshkovsky. UKumkanikazi ilityalwe ukuba Alexander Radishchev wafunda "umthetho wemvelo" aphesheya, kunye Corps of Amaphepha, ukuba abanike imvume ukushumayela ukushumayela imigaqo zomntu, ibizwa kwi "Travel". UCatherine II awasabela ngayo umsebenzi Alexander Nikolayevich kunye aphazamiseke zobuqu. UKumkanikazi Radishchev imicimbi yabasebenzi kunye kulawulwa Bezborodko into yonke.

Alexander wayifaka enqabeni, apho ngemibuzo Sheshkovsky. Okuphindwa ukuzisola, wala iincwadi Radischev ebhalwe nguye. biography emfutshane ngaye, nangona kunjalo, ukuba singalibali ukuba ubungqina bakhe, wayedla wafumana ezo zengqondo efanayo ezaye ezicatshulwe emsebenzini wakhe. hero yethu yimbonakaliso ukuzisola wayethembe ukunciphisa isohlwayo, ukuba ukusongela kwakhe. Noko ke, akazange akwazi ukuyifihla yeenkolelo zakhe Radishchev.

biography emfutshane eminyaka kamva, Kungokwemvelo. Kucacile ukuba bebonke isiphelo ka-Alexander Nikolayevich ukuba isonjululwe kwangaphambili. Wafunyanwa enetyala sele ummiselo kwetyala. Kwenziwe uphando emfutshane egumbini mthetho. nokuqulethileyo kuboniswa kwileta eya Count Bezborodko Bruce, umphathi omkhulu eSt Petersburg. Radishchev wagwetywa ukufa.

nxi ukunciphisa

Oku Agqitha aya yeeNgwevu uze kwiBhunga sesivakalisi kuqinisekiswe ezimbini kwezi meko, yaye emva koko wanika uKumkanikazi. Septemba 4, 1790 yakhutshwa myalelo, yamkela Alexander Nikolaevich unetyala ushicilelo isifungo umthetho kunye nezikhundla ummi sale ncwadi. Wines Aleksandra Radischeva, njengoko kuchaziwe kulo, kangangokuba ifanelwe isohlwayo sentambo. Noko ke, ngenxa yenceba kwaye emva kokuba kwenziwe isivumelwano uxolo Sweden isiyalo esinzima onjalo indawo kubhekiswa entolongweni Ilim, ibekwe eSiberia. Yena kufuneka uhlale apho kangangeminyaka eli-10. Mna ngoko nangoko wafakwa uphumezo ummiselo.

iminyaka Hard yokuthinjwa

ezinzima abaye uAleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev. eziphawuleka uvavanyo olunzima ngoko nangoko emva kokuwiswa kwesigwebo ngobomi bakhe. Ngubani wabanjwa ehlotyeni yombhali abathathelwa ngaphandle abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo evela inqaba. Kuyabonakala ukuba, uCatherine II wayenethemba lokuba Radishchev, esele ukubandezeleka imbono yakhe, uya kulahleka apha endleleni. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Bala Vorontsov wathumela imali kwirhuluneli saseTver ukuya Aleksandru Radischevu yathengwa yonke ufuna uhambo olude.

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev, ogama engobomi uyaqhubeka Ilim entolongweni, wahlala apha phantse 5 iminyaka. Noko ke, akazange amandla. Radishchev ngayo bendawo. Alexander variolating abantwana, exhobele ekhaya lokubhaka, apho waqalisa ukudubula ngodongwe. Kakade ke, waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi.

ingqalelo Wonke batsala bayahlelwa elibuhlungu umbhali odumileyo njengoko Radischev uAleksandr Nikolaevich. biography emfutshane ngaye Akufunekile ukuba baliphose kwaye isigwebo ebekwe phezu kwakhe, kwabonakala emangalisayo. amaxesha amaninzi eluntwini, kukho amarhe okuba Alexander ukuxolelwa, ukuba uza kubuya msinyane ekuthinjweni. Nakuba kunjalo, azizange ukugwetyelwa.

Relations ne eV Rubanovskii

ESiberia beza kuye eV Rubanovskaya, udade umfazi wakhe ongasekhoyo, wamngenisa kunye nabantwana bakhe abancinane (ukuba ufundile abantwana abadala bahlala kunye nezalamane). Radishchev ku Ilimsk waba olusondeleyo nalo mfazi. Noko ke, banelungelo lokutshata, babengazange. Oku lifike bezalana yaye yaba kukwaphula imithetho zecawa. Elubhacweni Radishchev Elizabeth V. wazala abantwana abathathu. Wafa ngo 1797 ukusuka abandayo Tobolsk, xa ababuyileyo ekuthinjweni. Nangona kunjalo, lo feat yaloo mfazi aphengela Decembrists, hayi nje ayizange nok bexesha lakhe. Kwanasemva kokufa Elizabeth V. nabo Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem waqhubeka ityala. Xa Radishchev wabuyela ekhaya, uNikolay Afanasyevitch uyise oyimfama, wala ukuba uthathe ngabazukulwana. Wathi ukuba atshate sister- kwi-mthetho lee. Ukuba Radischev intombazana wakhetha ilizwe uza kuyizeka Elizabeth V. akakwazi.

Amazing

Kungekudala emva Ukuvuma itrone loMlawuli uPawulos babuya eSiberia umntu obalasele zoluntu ezifana Radischev uAleksandr Nikolaevich. biography emfutshane yeminyaka yakhe kamva, Noko ke, ziphawulwe ngokuthi iingxaki ezintsha. Xolela wawiswa November 23, 1796. Alexander wayalelwa ukuba bahlala ezilalini Nemtsov ukulungela kwiphondo, apho ilifa lakhe. ke ukuba imbalelwano kunye nokuziphatha Radishchev siphathiswe irhuluneli. Alexander emva loMlawuli Alexander I got inkululeko epheleleyo. Ebizelwa ukuya eSt Petersburg. Kukho waba lilungu ikhomishini lokuyila imithetho ezahlukeneyo Alexander Radishchev. biography emfutshane lekhefu bakhe, kakhulu singalindelanga. Yenzeka njani le nto? Ngoku uyazi indlela batshabalala AN Radishchev. ngobomi bakhe ugqiba kakhulu ezingaqhelekanga.

ukufa Radishcheva

Ukuzalwa and Ilyinsky, Alexander Nikolayevich ababephila, Ndiyaqinisekisa ukuba ilivo lokufa bakhe buyinene. Ngokutsho kwakhe, Radishchev zingeniswe nohlaziyo lowiso idrafti. It waphinda wafaka phambili ukukhululwa abalimi. Ke igrafu Zavadovsky, unobhala lo myalelo, Alexander Nikolayevich wenza siphakamiso engqongqo iingcinga zakhe, bamkhumbuza ezidlulileyo ulangazelelo lwakhe. Zavadovsky wada wakhankanya ekuthinjweni yaseSiberia. Radishchev, impilo ogama wacaphuka gqitha, yaye imithambo aphulwe, ke ngoko, izanyazanyiswa yosongo abathethise Zavadsky, de ndagqiba ukuzibulala.

Alexander Ababesela ityhefu. Wafa kabuhlungu olukhulu. Radishchev wafa ngoSeptemba 12, 1802 ngobusuku. Alexander Nikolayevich wangcwatyelwa potter emangcwabeni.

Isithintelo ogama Radishchev kunye nokuvuselelwa

Long ubeke umqobo igama lombhali enkulu AN Radishchev. biography emfutshane iimfanelo zakhe namhlanje ezininzi, kodwa emva kokufa igama lakhe phantse khange abonakale ayisashicilelwa. amanqaku malunga Aleksandre Nikolaeviche zaye zabhalwa emva nje kokufa kwakhe, kwaye ke kule ncwadi phantse shwaka igama lakhe. kunqabile kakhulu kuqalwa. Iinkcukacha ezingaphelelanga kunye zale kuphela kucatshulwe kwi Radishchev. Aleksandra Radischeva Batyushkov laqalisa kwinkqubo nemisebenzi yobugcisa ulwimi, eyakhiwa kuwo. ndinesinye isiqingatha-2 ka-1850 kuphela wawuvula umlomo kunye negama Radishchev. Ukususela ngelo xesha, eendaba yaqala ukuvela ezininzi amanqaku ngayo.

Kwaye kule mini utsala abaphandi biography Radishchev. Umxholo Emfutshane "Ukuya ..." zakhe uyaziwa ukuba abaninzi babantu bakuthi. Konke oku kuthetha ukungafi ngaye ngumbhali.