ILake Sarykamyshskoe: inkcazelo, imbali, inyaniso

E-Asia Ephakathi, nje phakathi phakathi kweCaspian kunye nokumisa ngokukhawuleza uLwandle lwase-Aral, kukho uLwandle lweSarykamysh olungenamanzi nolungenakwenzeka. I-hydrologia enkulu kakhulu, kwakunye nembali yokuvela kweli gumbi. Ukongezelela, iimbali ezithandekayo kunye neengqungquthela zidibene neli libi.

I-Sarykamysh echibi: i-geography yamanzi

I-Sarykamysh yenye yezona zikhulu zamanzi amaninzi e-Central Asia kunye nelikhulu elwandle eTurkmenistan. Ukuyifumana kwimephu ayinzima. I-echibi liphakathi kweCaspian kunye ne-Aral Sea, malunga nendawo phakathi kwabo. Kwimephu ebonakalayo ingezantsi imakwe nge-asterisk ebomvu:

Kwimiqathango ye-geological, iLake Sarykamyshskoe ihlala inxalenye ephambili yenkomo. Kubukeka njengento yokudakumba, kwaye igqitywe ngamanzi omnyuwa kwaye ihlanjwe ngamanqatha. Ukudakumba kwe-Sarykamysh, kwakhona, ngumda wasentla ongasentla we-Karakum Desert.

Izopolitiko kunye nokuphatha, i-Sarykamysh ichibi lilo lizwe ezimbini zase-Central Asia. I-70% yommandla wayo (inxalenye esezantsi) iTurkmenistan, kwaye enye i-30% (inxalenye esenyakatho nentshona) - e-Uzbekistan. Amanxweme asentla aseLakalpakstan, iRiphabhliki yase-Uzbekistan, kunye neendawo ezisempuma kunye nempuma ziyi-Dashoguz velayat yaseTurkmenistan.

Hydrology, parameters kunye ne-ichthyofauna yelibi

Igama lomthombo livela kwisiTurkey kwaye liguqulelwe ngokuthi "umhlanga ophuzi". Umda wonxweme ukhululekile kwaye uninzi unxweme. Sekude kuba i-Sarykamysh echibini yayisityebi kwihlabathi lezilwanyana elikhethekileyo nelingqalileyo. Kwamanzi ayo yintlanzi enkulu (i-carp, i-pike ipaki, i-catfish nezinye iintlobo), kwaye iinqithi ezininzi zizele umdlalo. Apha ungayifumana i-moufflon, i-hyena, i-wild boar, i-pelican okanye i-flamingo. Ukukhusela iintlobo zeentlobo zasemanzini kummandla, iSarykamysh Reserve yayenziwe ngokukhethekileyo.

ILake Sarykamyshskoe inee parameters ezilandelayo:

• Ubude - 120 km;
• Ububanzi - 40 km;
• Ubunzulu bomyinge bu-8 m;
• Ubunzulu obunzulu bungama-40 m;
• Umthamo opheleleyo wamanzi kwilibi li malunga ne-12,000 cubic metres. Amitha.

Ilitye lisolwe ukusuka enyakatho ukuya ngasentla-mpuma. Unxweme olusentshonalanga lomlambo lukhulu kwaye lukhuni, kwaye ubunzulu balo bunyuke ngokunyuka kwinqanaba elisempuma. Ngecala elingasempuma, umbhobho wokufakelwa umlambo ugeleza ufike echibini, eyona nto ingundoqo yokuzaliswa kwayo.

I-Sarykamysh echibi: imbali yelungelo

Le thamanzi elingenamanzi elinamanzi etyuwa elibuhlungu lalikho "emzimbeni" wehlabathi alisoloko lihlala. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwakukupheleni kwe-Neogene nakwi-Middle Ages. Kwaye ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX ikhefu limile kwakhona (awuyi kufumana kwiimephu ezindala zeSoviet). Zonke ezi tshintsho zixhomekeke ekubeni ingaba umlambo waseMfuleni waseSarykamysh uthatha amanzi ase-Amudarya okanye cha. Xa umlambo uphendukela ngaseLwandle lwe-Aral, ilwandle lome.

Ngamaxesha aseSoviet, iindawo ezinkulu zeeRiphabliki zase-Central Asia zikhuphe iifotuni. Ekwindla nangobusika, ezi zityalo zahlanjululwa ngokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ekhethekileyo yokunkcenkceshela. Amanzi ngenxa yolu hlobo lugcwele izinto ezinobungozi, ahlanjwe ehlabathini. Amanzi asetshenziselwa "ukuhlambulula" amanzi aphendulelwa kwiindawo ezilahlayo nezingenakunqandwa, apho kwakukho ixesha elininzi lokwakhiwa kweendawo ezinobuthi. Omnye wabo kwakuyiLake Sarykamysh.

Ukuzaliswa kwengcinezelo ye-Sarykamysh kwenzeka kwi-70s yekhulu lokugqibela. Ngowe-1977, indawo yommandla welibi yayingamitha ayi-1500 yeekhilomitha. Km, kwaye ekupheleni kwama-80s kuye kwanda ukuya kuma-3,000 sq. Km. Namhlanje indawo epheleleyo yeSarykamysh i malunga neekhilomitha ezili-5 zeekwere. Km.

Iingxaki zezinto eziphilayo zeli gama

Abantu basebenzisa njani i-Sarykamysh echibini namhlanje? Enyanisweni, akukho nto. Emva kwakho konke, ukususela ngowe-1971, umgodi wayo wawuzaliswe izinto ezinobuthi (iikhemikhali kunye neentlobo zephilisi), zihlanjwe kwiindawo zokutshiza iikotoni. Zingaphi i-accumulated in echibi kulo lonke ixesha - akukho mntu ngoku akakwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo zezokuloba zaseSarykamysh ziphuhlisiwe kakuhle.

I-echibi ayifumaneki, kwaye iibhanki zayo azihlali. Ukususela entshona nangasempuma phezu kwendawo yayo, iikinks (iinqununu) ze-Ustyurt plateau zixhoma, kwaye ukusuka enyakatho kuya kuye zivaliwe ngu-Karabaur. Ngasecaleni lentshona yelibi litshintshelwe ngeesanti zeKarakum. Ukongezelela, kwiindawo ezininzi (ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamanqanaba emanzini), ummandla wonxweme ube yimpampu engapheliyo.

Enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo yeSachikamysh echibini yonyusa lonyulo lwamanzi. Ngoku kusemgangathweni we-15-20 ppm kwaye ukhula rhoqo.

Ngo-2013, i-Turkmenistan yaqalisa iprojekthi enkulu yokwenza ilitye elikhulu elinguAlnn-Asyr. Le projekthi yabelwe i-4.5 billion yeedola kwi-treasury karhulumente. Phantse i-50% yokuhamba kwamanzi kwikhefu elizayo kufuneka unikezwe ngumqokeleli wee-canal ohambisa iLake Sarykamysh. Yintoni eya kwenzeka kumthombo kwixesha elizayo, malunga nokuphunyezwa kwale projekthi ye "golide", ayiyazi kakuhle nawuphi na.

Iimbombo zeLake Sarykamysh

Amabali ahlukeneyo kunye neengcamango zolwandle lwaseSarikamysh zaqala ukuzalwa ngokusesikweni phakathi kwe-70s. Yeyona inyaniso ukuthetha. Kodwa udumo olubi lwaloo ndawo lugxeka kwi-Soviet Union.

Ngoko ke, abalobi bexesha elithile baxelele ukuba babamba echibini elingaqhelekanga nelingaziwayo. Abazingeli bafunyanwe kumanxweme abo ngokukhawuleza babetha izigulane ze-saigas. Ngubani na onokubashiya apho? Emva kwakho konke, abazingeli abazange banqumle iminyango yabo emnyama ngokucocekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

Kamva kwindawo ekufutshane yaseSarykamysh, abantu baqala ukudibana ne-monster enkulu kunye engaqhelekanga, njengengwenya okanye isilwanyana. Lezi zidumbu ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ajikeleza ngokukhawuleza zaphuma ezixwini zaza zahlasela abelusi abangabodwa, abahambi, abalobi okanye oososayensi.

Sarykamysh carkidons

Izilo zengingqi kubantu ababizwa ngokuba ngama-karkidon. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-Sarykamysh "iChupakabr" ichazwa njengengwenya enomsila onokufudula kunye nemigqa ende ende. Ubude bomzimba we-monster bufike kwiimitha ezimbini (enye enye kunye neekhilomitha ezili-mitha ibingelwa umsila wezilwanyana).

AmaKarkidon ayidla ngokutya kwi-saigas, iigusha kunye nee-mouflons. Maxa wambi bahlasela abantu. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba ezi zilo zivela ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwezigulana ezimnyama ezibangelwa zizilwanyana ezinkulu zezilwanyana ezinambuzane.

Ngaba iikarcadon zikhona ngokwenene? Okanye ngaba ingenye yeengcamango ezimbi? Ngoku kunzima ukusho, kuba akukho bungqina bobukho babo. Kukholelwa ukuba i-karkidons yexesha elide liye lagqitywa kwintlanganiso eyimfihlo ye-Politburo ngo-1978. Ukunyuka kwendawo ukusuka kwimimandla eqhutywayo kwaqhutyelwa ngasese, ngokubandakanyeka komkhosi. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaninzi bagcinwa ukuba bafunde kamva.

Isiphelo

I-Sarykamysh Ichibi yindawo enkulu ephakathi kwe-Asia Ephakathi, emngceleni we-Uzbekistan kunye neTurkmenistan. Ekugqibeleni ixesha elidlulileyo lechibi lazaliswa kwi-70s yekhulu lokugqibela. Kanye kunye namanzi, ubuninzi bezinto ezinobungozi kwimimandla yezolimo zafika kuwo, zijika iqula libe yindawo enobuthi enobuthi.