Uvavanyo igazi TB: omsebenzi osemqoka, iintlobo kunye kubhalo oluqhelekileyo

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza bethatyathwe kwaye kwenziwa uvavanyo kwegazi TB njani. Le nkqubo eliqhelekileyo. Le yimpendulo mihla iintlobo efanayo lokufunyaniswa kwesifo. Kodwa yintoni na iimvavanyo yegazi? Luhlobo olunjani iimpawu ziquka? Ke njengommi, ngokutsho iziphumo ukuqonda, ukuba unesifo okanye akunjalo? Ukuqonda konke oku kuba kunzima njengoko kubonakala. Akumthathi isidanga sonyango ilungele iziphumo ukuba bafikelele kwisigqibo. Ngoko ke yintoni ulwazi kufuneka abe ngummi ngokunxulumene mvavanyo ukuba isifo sephepha?

Malunga sifo

Ukuze uqale ibattery, olunjani sifo na? Eyona nto kukuba TB - isifo ezinganyangekiyo, oko kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye esosulelayo. Sisasazwa Ngokuphefumelelana emoyeni okanye izixhobo zasekhaya. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ehlabathini, kodwa nisaqala sephepha zicwadi kunzima ukuchonga.

Isifo uyakwazi ukubetha onke amalungu oluntu. Ngako oko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba baqashele kanye uya kuba yintoni na isiphumo. Ukuze sibone esi sifo, kufuneka ukuba baqhube uphando ezintsonkothileyo. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwegazi ze-TB.

Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo esi sifo yenye oluchaphazela emiphungeni. Oku nabo ezininzi nezibaya Association. Lidla ibonakalisa sifo mazingabhidaniswa ingqele eqhelekileyo. Isifo sephepha asibikho kakhulu ibonwe. Ingakumbi xa nisaqala zophuhliso.

uphethwe sisifo Types

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba igama uvavanyo lwegazi ze-TB. Ukuze ukwazi oku kubalulekile. Ngapha koko, ukuba unyango ngexesha esi sifo ukufiphala kunye bantu sijongene neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngalo mzuzu kukho iintlobo ezininzi kokuxilongwa ehlabathini.

Yiphi na? Le ilandelayo kungathiwa:

• Mantoux;
• isikhohlela;
• bronchoscopy;
• ELISA;
• QuantiFERON-TB Gold;
• zhasmin;
• PCR.

Kwezinye iimeko, umntu igazi epheleleyo ukubala. Oku kudla kwenziwa usaqala ukuchonga amathuba yokuba esi sifo. Yokuqinisekisa kwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa iindlela zichazwe ngaphambili. Ngubani weza ngenye indlela, yaye sithatha uvavanyo lwegazi isifo sephepha - Diaskintest. Yena wadibana kunye negazi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye inceda ukubona tubercle eletha emzimbeni womntu. Yena eziliqela ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. ERashiya, oko saqaliswa ngowe-2016.

Ifa

Ngoku kancinci iimvavanyo yegazi. Ngapha koko ke, zithathwa ukuba kakhulu ulwazi. Amaninzi, eli gama ibonisa sifundo EIA. Loo uvavanyo lwegazi isifo sephepha ityhila ubukho elilwa bacilli tubercle.

Enyanisweni, hayi inketho okubi. Bonke ke kufuneka benze isigulana - luvavanyo igazi. Ngokwesiqhelo ukuthatha lwemithambo, inika isiphumo yechaneke ngaphezulu. Ngelishwa, kucingwa ukuba isetyenzisiwe ayikho ulwazi kakhulu. Ngapha koko, kolu phando akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi kwi sigaba sini na isifo, ukuba iyafumaneka. Kodwa loo nkqubo iza kunceda, njengokuba kuthiwe, ukutyhila ubukho antibodies isifo emzimbeni.

Ngethamsanqa, iyeza na ukuma ngxi, yaye kukho nezinye iindlela ukubona sifo. Ngaphezu koko, igazi-ezinxulumene. Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki abanazo? Njani tirhisa? ukuqonda njani into umntu egula?

PCR ekuxilongweni

Kakhulu ngakumbi ulwazi kunye ngempumelelo uhlahlelo igazi PCR lwesifo sephepha. Yindlela mihla evumela ukufumanisa ubukho inegciwane tubercle. Kakhulu ulwazi, ukuba isifundo asithatyathwa igazi, kunye phlegm.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, PCR uphethwe eboniswe iimpawu asole ukuba ngandlel ezifana nesifo sephepha. Noko ke, njengoko oogqirha bathi, isifundo kwimeko igazi ayiniki iziphumo-100%. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ogulayo nokudumba tuberculous. Kungenjalo, Ubhaqo PCR igazi ukusebenza eliphezulu.

Mantu

Yintoni enye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuyo? Uvavanyo igazi nesifo sephepha ebantwaneni, njengokuba umthetho, akwenziwanga. Amaninzi, ukuba wabelwe ebizwa ngokuba yi-test Mantoux. Le buchwepheshe kuvumela eziphakamileyo, kodwa ziqinisekileyo 100% ukubona ubukho besi sifo.

Njani na uhlalutyo? Umntwana ilawulwa kwesikhumba yi ethile ekhethekileyo. Okulandelayo, kufuneka kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ukuze agcine inaliti. Ukuba TB engekho, le ndawo iya kuhlala injalo. Omnye unokujonga kuphela ukufukuka okuncinane kunye kombala ulusu - oko kuya kuba pink ngakumbi.

Phambi tuberculosis kutyhobozela kuyo inaliti, ukudumba, ithumba iqalisa ukukhula. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha umbala cyanotic. Kulo meko, umntwana ngokutsha atyumbe yokwaleka. Okanye ngaba uvavanyo lwegazi isifo sephepha (ELISA okanye PCR), nto leyo engqina okanye uphikisa isiphumo isampuli.

Mantu ngezinye engalunganga

Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba uvavanyo Mantoux - le ndlela ifanelekileyo ukufumanisa isifo sephepha emzimbeni. Eyona nto kukuba le zohlalutyo iphutha.

Indlela enye intsingiselo uhlalutyo? Ziqonde uvavanyo HIV Mantoux ilula. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke xa:

• exacerbation esiku zezifo ezingapheliyo;
• somoya;
• komzimba;
• izifo ezosulelayo;
• okukwazi elibuthathaka;
• sokuwa.

Kwangokunjalo, iisampuli ezintle asisiniki ebonisa ngqo phambi sifo. Ngoko ke, uvavanyo igazi-TB Mantoux endaweni kubonakala kakuhle kwaye ulwazi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kupheliswe zonke meko zidweliswe ngaphambili. siye kuphela ke kugweba ubukho besi sifo.

Gcwalisa wegazi

Ukuba uvavanyo Mantoux iyancumisa, kufuneka aphakamise uvalo. Kubonakala ukuba le ndlela uphethwe akuyona indlela engcono. Kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe uvavanyo lwegazi. nesifo sephepha pulmonary (hayi kuphela) kukho utshintsho emzimbeni. Yiphi na?

Le nto ke ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala igazi kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo zizonke okanye lwezonyango akwenzi ngqiqo. Kuxhomekeka "kukutyeshela" zesi sifo, kuya ukutshintsha abo okanye nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo. test igazi jikelele isifo sephepha ngamanye amaxesha ngokwenene kunceda ukwenza ubukho okanye ukungabikho izifo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba bathembele. Ngapha koko, igazi nokubunjwa kwayo iyahluka, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ngako oko ke kucetyiswa mhlawumbi uxilongo ELISA okanye PCR. Kodwa kwakhona kucazululo jikelele igazi, kakhulu, kufanele kukhunjulwe.

Kokuhlaziya yokuhlaziya jikelele

Ndingayilindela kowuphi Iimpawu ukuba sijonge phandle ukuba kukho amathuba osulelo tuberculous? Ngenxa nqanaba esebenzayo zesi sifo ngenene ICBC iza kukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba yintoni na egazini yomqhubi.

Njani na? ESR kubalulekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indoda eli nani liya kuxhomekeka kubudala. Kufuneka ngokususela kwidatha ilandelayo:

• abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka-10 - ukuya kwi-10 mm / h;
• abafazi ukuya kwiminyaka 50 - ukuya kwi-20 mm / h;
• abafazi emva 50 - 30 mm / h;
• Amadoda ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50 - 15 mm / elona lininzi iyure;
• emva 50 - 20 mm / h.

Noko ke, ESR kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abagulayo nande. Xa sephepha, ngokuqhelekileyo isalathiso kwandisa ukuya kwiiyunithi malunga-50 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuyo. Ukuba izinga erythrocyte neentlenge egazini ebenokudlula mmiselo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo okuba eliphezulu kokungcola.

Iimpawu uvavanyo lwegazi

Ziziphi iinkalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, xa kugqityiwe ukuba aqhube uphando olongezelelweyo kwi phambi sifo phantsi isifundo? Uvavanyo igazi TB Mantoux amisiweyo endaweni kaninzi. Kodwa i ELISA elifanayo PCR kaninzi Akwanelanga ukuba uxilongo lokugqibela. Zalisa wegazi nawo ngokwawo awukho ngokupheleleyo ubonisa umfanekiso into eyenzekayo emzimbeni.

Ukuba sinikele ingqalelo into ethethwe ngugqirha xa ukrokrela ubukho tubercle bacilli emzimbeni onyula uhlahlelo zengqo- igazi. Unako kwakhona wenze isifundo elahlukileyo phambi protini. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqinisekise iziphumo.

Ukuba-TB, kodwa ke kuphela ngohlobo opholileyo, icandelo protein iya kuba kwimithetho komhlaba. Ifom zale sifo kwandisa cholesterol, urea, kunye lysozyme. Kule albumin Icala lincitshiswe.

Isifo esichaphazela isibindi, kwandisa izikhombisi ezifana AST, ALT kunye yibilirubin. Konke oku xa kuxilongwa igazi, ngelixa uvavanyo Mantoux ezingachazwanga olo lwazi. Oku kufuneka ingqalelo.

Diaskintest

Ngoku ke kucacile ukuba, ukuba kukho into ebaxhalabisayo malunga nokufumaneka sifo behlolisisa emzimbeni, ungakwazi ukuthatha uvavanyo igazi-TB. Kwakhona, eziphilayo ukufunda ngokubanzi eyabelwe engaphezulu. Konke oku kuyanceda ngokubanzi ukuhlola imeko uze wenze isigqibo malunga ubukho besi sifo emzimbeni.

Noko ke, namhlanje abaninzi sithetha uhlobo olutsha kuxilongo TB, nto leyo evumela ukuba niqhagamshelane reagent ngegazi. Sithetha malunga Diaskintest ekhankanywe ngaphambili. Oku kukutshintsha ingubo. Ndifanele ndikholelwe kwesi sifundo? Ziziphi izinto ezingalunganga ntoni na?

Le ndlela loxilongo ikuvumela ukuba kungena ngokudibana negazi - oku sele kwagxininiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngoko ke, xa umzimba buthathaka akukho amathuba yokosulelwa sisifo. Nomonde Diaskintest ukhumbuza yokwaleka. Uphando kufuneka ukuphumeza kunyaka ngamnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo qho kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuze abantu kwiminyaka-8 ukuya ku-17.

Noko ke, abaninzi ngongoma kukuba olu hlobo lovavanyo eziphilayo phambi lwesifo sephepha ayikho ngqo kakhulu. Konke oku kungenxa yokuba, njengokuba kuvavanyo Mantoux, izinto ezininzi aninike result okungamanga. Kwaye umntu oqeshwe okanye kwakhona yokufunda-, uvavanyo lwegazi lwesifo sephepha.

isiphelo

Ngoku icacile ngayo kunokwenzeka ukuchonga ubukho sifo phantsi ukufunda ngokusebenzisa wohlalutyo ezahlukeneyo. QuantiFERON-TB Gold and zhasmin - lunqabe nazo kwindlela uvavanyo lwegazi practice. Bamele yokuhluza, abonisa amanqanaba izilwa-buhlungu kunye nobukho sifo. ERashiya, phantse asisetyenziswa konke.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu iimvavanyo zegazi jikelele kunye zengqo- kunceda ukuchonga TB kwityala elinikiweyo. Yanele ukuba banikele ingqalelo ezinye indicators. Ziya anyhashwe. ESR ngokuyimfuneko waku- isifo sephepha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuphela ugqirha ngokusekelwe izifundo ezininzi lokwenza isigqibo echanileyo. Ukuze uqinisekise uxilongo, uyakwazi ukuthatha zohlalutyo igazi, kunye phlegm.