Ntsika noblewoman - ngubani na le nto? Imvelaphi kunye nentsingiselo kwekota

Uninzi amazwi mabali ezindala abantwana mihla kubangela ehexisayo kuphela kunye abadala akucacanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba achaze indlela oku okanye loo mbono. Umzekelo, elithetha "intsika amanene" of iintsomi Pushkin kaThixo? Wabuyela emva ukusuka ilizwi? Zama ukuqonda.

Osesikhundleni e Russia

Ngokombono Kievan Rus of "wabanumzana" akukenzeki. Ngokwendalo, izindlu njengenkosana sele likhona, kodwa ukuba bazibandakanye ezintlwini izinduna okuvula, kuloo mgaqo, bani free. Njengeklasi, zithandwa wathabatha imilo sele kwinkulungwane XV XIII-eMoscow eRashiya. Ukuvela kwalo iklasi zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa nemigaqo ingqesho pereosmotreniem.

Estates namanene

In impangele kwakukho iintlobo ezimbini zomhlaba yabucala - zezindlu zooyise kunye ilifa. Fiefdom ebizwa umhlaba wabucala, into egxothiweyo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Manor - eli lizwe ukusetyenziswa okwethutyana, owaphulelwa kwenkonzo ende kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ngokunxulumene nokwandiswa kummandla Moscow Russia, ngenxa sokuba umhlaba emzantsi nasempuma eSiberia, emasimini baba ngakumbi, kodwa lungafumaneka kuphela kwi inkonzo kakumkani.

imiqolo

Umhlaba, ebonelela abantu servicemen zazihonjiswe ngokungqinelana nemithetho belo xesha nemimiselo ekhethekileyo - kwimiqolo. Ukuba umqeshwa ngamnye uyakwazi ukufumana ukuba ingaba kukho ilizwe lakhe, yaye uya kuba nelungelo ukuba wayeza ulinywa. Izintlu ezo zinto zabuya ngokufanelekileyo rhoqo, kwaye zaxilongwa ze luqinisekisiwe ngukumkani. Ngoko ke * uKhesare of All Russia wayengazi malunga nenani labantu abanyanisekileyo kuye, lowo ophethwe ngamafa. Ukuze ufumane kolu luhlu - iphupha zonke servitor, kuba akubhekiselwanga kuphela ilifa ilizwe emhlabeni, kodwa ingqalelo mhlawumbi kunye ubabalo kakumkani.

Izintlu amagama abanini nempahla zaye zabhalwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi - "kwikholam." Ngenxa yoko indoda, igama kwi "kwimiqolo 'yaye kuthiwa' nengqondo phezulu 'kunye' nelitye noblewoman." Le nembeko wathetha phambi zorhwebo komhlaba, kwaye ubabalo ezikhethekileyo ukumkani. Singene "iikholam" yamonga Akubanga lula.

Women noblewoman

Ekuqaleni amadoda kuphela yeyela "iikholam". Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, izintlu zaye alithandayo kunye namagama ababhinqileyo. Kwaye ke ukufundisa le "amanene phezulu". Intsingiselo 'nengqondo "ithetha imvelaphi elungileyo okanye umtshato kuluncedo. Igama elithi "high" ibonisa ubukho enomsila kunye lomhlaba wamnika ilungelo.

Ngoko ke, lo noblewoman intsika - umfazi yentsapho elungileyo, umfazi okanye umhlolokazi umsebenzi karhulumente, umnini welifa. Emva kokufa sisicaka yoluntu, umhlolokazi wakhe othi ukugcina Local Land "indawo yokuhlala", emva kokufa kwakhe, ilifa babuyiselwa uNondyebo, kwaye kutshintshelwa kwamanye abanumzana-intsika. Kwiimeko apho intombi inkosikazi okanye bezindlu eziphantsi buqu, baba kakhulu ezinqabileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli lungelo waba kuphela noblewoman intsika. Lo mhlaba idla ngaphantsi kokhuseleko olukhethekeliyo gunya, wazithengisa, nenkomo okanye udlule umfazi awukho umhlaba.

iinguqulelo Land

Ukudideka phakathi ngabanini bomhlaba patrimonial amazwe yayiyeyona boqobo kunjalo, ukudala eninzi ngokuphazamiseka kunye namasiko engalunganga. Kufuneka sicacise ukuba izigwebo ngaloo mihla ikakhulu Kwathi icala komthetho, kunye nomxokelelwane mthethweni izigqibo zenkundla ukutshintshwa nempahla zasekuhlaleni ilifa, irente okanye athengise, lwavakala kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ngokuba semthethweni ezenziwa ngayo ngoku, guqula ilizwe lwenziwe.

iinguqulelo Land ekuqaleni lwekhulu XVI equalized abanini indawo komhlaba patrimonial nabeengingqi. Umhlaba ophethwe iintsapho ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, nomhlaba, leyo ophethwe enye okanye ezinye elisele okanye intsika gentlewoman - eli lizwe, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho efanayo. Esi sigqibo sathathwa ukuze ngokusemthethweni ilizwe Local amakhulu leyo, ethetha kakhulu, abazange babe abanini bazo. Ngoko ke, lo, namatshawe ilifa kwipali-izidwangube baqalisa - ilungelo labo Ilizwe elo alaba alahle kuphela ngokwabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuloo minyaka Yahluma, aqinise lobuzwilakhe kunye, ababusi unelungelo lokuthabatha ilizwe, isikhundla eyahamba.

iziphumo

Ngoko aphatha ngayo igama elithi "intsika noblewoman." Intsingiselo ilele phezu komhlaba - ummeli wabanumzana, ogama lakhe kwi "kwipali-izintlu 'werhuluneli. Mhlawumbi intombi abakhonzi bakakumkani wesiqhelo okanye umhlolokazi yakhe, emva ezingeniswe kwiLizwe Local "yesondlo". Kodwa emva kokuba ukwamkelwa yokuvuselelwa komhlaba, igama uqalisa ukuba bahambe, zabakhupha ukusetyenziswa, kwaye phantse ulahlekelwa intsingiselo yalo. A. S. Pushkin zingangoko yakhe ukusebenzisa eli gama ukuchaza ukuba nokunyoluka lixhegwazana nje kuphela, kodwa umnqweno wakhe ukwaziwa ukuba ezikhethekileyo kukumkani ngokwakhe. Kodwa yaphela njani ukuba umfazi obawayo, yaziwa bonke.