Budget surplus - ke ... Ukumisela ngoonobangela. Yintoni na le surplus?

Ekukholelwa ukuba logqithiso - okulungileyo kurhulumente. Enye indlela okanye oko? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka ukwazi inkcazo. Ngoko ke, yintoni na le surplus? Okulandelayo iya kuxoxwa ngalo.

Yintoni na le surplus?

Siqala inkcazelo. Uhlahlo surplus - ulungelelwano ezintle eseleyo yorhwebo. Ngamanye amazwi, ingeniso lidlula iindleko. Kukho kwakhona ingqikelelo surplus "lokuqala" kunye "eminye". Phantse onke amazwe banomsebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko imbopheleleko imixokelelwane mboleko federal. "Primary" logqithiso - njengenyathelo ngaphandle iindleko besebenza ityala likarhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba zonke izibophelelo inkcitho-mali eziyi $ 1 zezigidi. Iintlawulo kwi noxanduva iibhondi mboleko federal - 0.1 ezigidi zeerandi. Ngoko ke, i-0.9 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi - i "eminye" surplus. Mnike inkcazelo.

"Secondary" logqithiso - ke imali eseleyo emva kokutsalwa zonke izibophelelo zoluntu. manani ebalulekileyo - ubudlelwane ku GDP. Gross imveliso yasekhaya - luphawu kuqoqosho ebonisa inqanaba imveliso kweli lizwe. Ngaphandle kokuba akukho mqondo ithuba lokuyihlolisisa le surplus. Umzekelo, kwi-mali kukho malunga 1 billion zeerandi. Indlela ukuchaza - kakhulu okanye kancinci? Ukuze wenze oku, usithelekise kwimveliso lesizwe njengepesenti. Umzekelo, i-GDP kunyaka yaba US $ 1 zezigidi. Intsalela kulo mzekelo ilingana no 0.1%.

kwemali

Yintoni le surplus, intsilelo, mali elungeleleneyo? Cinga eziphilayo. Lwaba mali ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

1. Intsalela - siye sele unike kuye nokuzimisela. Engenayo ngaphezulu iindleko.
2. Balanced - iingeniso neenkcitho bayalingana.
3. Deficit - iinkcitho ngaphezulu ezingenayo.

Siyathemba ukuba kucacile. Ukwazi umongo ezi ngqikelelo kuphendulwa lwabiwo engcono: intsilelo okanye surplus? Ngophanya nje lweliso, kubonakala ukuba lowo yesibini. Siyavuma ukuba kubhetele xa imali eseleyo kunokuba xa akonelanga. Kodwa ke nxamnye-mali karhulumente? Makhe ngakumbi.

Intsalela - yiloo a plus?

Kunzima ukucinga ukuba imali engaphezulu kwi-mali - ulungile. Enyanisweni akunjalo. Kubhetele ukuba uqoqosho xa eshotayo yohlahlo urhulumente encinane, kodwa Siboleke imali layigubungela, ngaphezu surplus enkulu. Kutheni kunjalo?

Into yokuba uqoqosho kufuneka imali ekhoyo, imali. Akunakubakho kukhula ngaphandle utyalo-mali. Xa imali efakwe kwi-mali, yaye ngakumbi oko ezahlukeneyo mali ulwandiso, oku sezopolitiko ebambekayo, t. To. Le imali ukuya kuphuhliso. Oku kuyalingana sesigidi wabeka phantsi komqamelo kunokuba uyizalise kushishino inzuzo kwaye ufumane kabini ngonyaka.

It ngemali umgaqo-nkqubo wezeziMali yangaphambili Kudrin kuye kwasekwa eRashiya ezimbalwa mali yolondolozo. Kakade ke, eendaba babanga ukuba mhle. Xa isityhwentywe semali evela amaxabiso aphezulu ngenxa hydrocarbon, siye sakwazi ukuba yande ijagi, esasisetyenziswa ngexesha lentlekele.

Noko ke, abezoqoqosho abaninzi bacinga njalo. Bathi endaweni kokonga imali kwi-mali, babeza imali iiprojekthi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oku kuya kuvumela diversify uqoqosho sukani "ioli inaliti". I-ex-UMphathiswa kakhulu Kudrin wathetha kakhulu ngokucacileyo ngalo mba. Wayekholelwa ukuba imali ebiweyo nje yaye ngenxa yoko akukho kuya kubakho nto. Ngoko ke kungcono ukuba uwagcine kunokuba isandla ezipokothweni lwamagosa.

Ziphi na intsalela? Makhe sihlolisise izinto ezibangela le mali surplus karhulumente.

izizathu

Nature isityhwentywe Imbonakalo ilula: ilizwe lethu ixhomekeke kumazwe zempahla ekrwada. Bona akhawunti ukuba malunga nesiqingatha wesabelo karhulumente. ERashiya, izicwangciso inkcitho ngokusekelwe amaxabiso namhlanje oyile. Ekuqaleni kuka-2017 i Umphanda zegolide abamnyama kwiimarike zehlabathi akhawunti kuba malunga nama-50 zeerandi. URhulumente kubeka phantsi ixabiso kwixesha elizayo, besazi ukuba umthamo kwimveliso kunye neentengiso. Ukuba angaphandle zihlala enye, kwaye ixabiso kwiimarike zehlabathi zikhule kabukhali, bathi, $ 100 umphanda, ilizwe lethu liya kuba surplus elikhulu. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi izalathisi zibalulekileyo ngokunxulumene GDP baba kumazwe oli-uku rhweba: Kuwait (22.7% ngo-2010), Norway (10.5% ngo-2010).

Eyona mali ukuzinza kumazwe aphuhlileyo, umvuzo akuxhomekekanga kumazwe zemathiriyeli ekrwada: Germany, Luxembourg, Denmark.

Isakhiwo imali kunye neendleko

Jikelele iingeniso mali yahlulwe iindidi ezimbini:

1. Tax.
2. Non-rhafu.

Irhafu yahlulwe:

• irhafu yengeniso;
• impahla;
• A imali karhulumente;
• irhafu yempahla;
• irhafu engenayo iyonke ;
• ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezithengiswa kweli lizwe.

kwengeniso Non-irhafu:

• yomsebenzi zangaphandle;
• nzuzo phantsi yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala;
• iintlawulo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo;
• iifayini, izohlwayo;
• nzuzo kusuka kubonelelo ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo;
• kohluthwa kwempahla;
• ukubuya mali engafunwanga njalo njalo.

Ukongeza kwezi zinto yengeniso, enanini ukudala iintlobo kweerisithi ukulwa kubantu kunye namanye amazwe, amaziko supranational, imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente.

iindleko karhulumente yiya ku:

• ukuziphendulela, ukhuseleko, inkqubo zokunyanzelisa umthetho, kubandakanywa i leenkundla;
• zemfundo nesayensi;
• imithi;
• izindlu kunye neenkonzo yoluntu;
• ezintsha;
• ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo,
• inkcubeko kunye nezemidlalo;
• amajelo eendaba;
• sphere kwezentlalo;
• transfers kurhulumente.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, lo logqithiso - ulungelelwano surplus. Musa ukucinga ukuba kulungile oku ngenxa lizwe. Zonke iindlela ezikhoyo kufuneka ijolise kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Kwilizwe lethu ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo, kuba kukho iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu:

1. ukonakala High.
2. Ukuxhomekeka kwi hydrocarbon kumazwe angaphandle.

amaxabiso e-oli High kwiimarike zehlabathi kwakhokelela nookratya mali. Noko ke, ngokutyala imali sokunabela alufanelekanga kakhulu ngenxa yenkohlakalo ophezulu. amaxabiso asezantsi amandla kukhokelela sengxakini mali. Oku kuchaphazela kwicandelo likarhulumente abasebenzi, abadla umhlala-phantsi kunye kumacandelo onzakeleyo oluntu. Sinethemba lokuba le isangqa zikhohlakeleyo ngonaphakade kuya kuvula kwilizwe lethu.