Inzuzo yokufunda uncwadi. Iingcaphuno malunga neenzuzo zokufunda

Umbhali uRay Bradbury wathi abantu abangazange banomdla kwiincwadi benze ulwaphulo-mthetho lokwenene. Le ngcamango ayamkelekanga ngabantu abakhetha ukujonga iinkqubo zeTV, ukuthetha nge-intanethi, ukudlala imidlalo. Iyintoni inzuzo yokufunda, inkulu kangakanani na? Yintoni enqatshelwe umntu ongenalo ixesha lokufumana uncwadi olulungileyo, olutshanje nolwaseklasini?

Izinzuzo zokuFunda: I-Logic kunye neMemori

UDenis Diderot wayekuthanda ukuphinda athi umntu olahla iincwadi, ulahlekelwa ukucinga. Ingaba umfundi ulandela ukuphuhliswa kwamabhankaso okanye ukuzifaka kwihlabathi lezinto ezimangalisayo - ucinga nombhali. Umntu uzama ukuqonda ingcamango ephambili yomlobi, uhlangabezana nemibono yokuqala, ufumana ulwazi olutsha. Konke oku kuncedisa ekuphuhlisweni kwengqiqo.

Inzuzo yokufunda uncwadi iyakomeleza imemori. Iqhinga liqulethe ininzi yeenkcukacha ezincinci. Ukuyiqonda, umfundi kufuneka akhumbule amagama abalinganiswa, iimpawu zabo, ukubonakala kwazo, izenzo. Ukuvumela amaveli, abacuphi, abathandekayo kwiinkcazo ezithambileyo ezinzima ukuba babe yingxenye yobomi babo, abantu bayaqaphela ukuba banakho ukukwazi ukukhumbula ngeenkcukacha eziyimfuneko kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla kwaye emsebenzini ukhula.

Abo bangayithobeli iingxelo malunga neenzuzo zokufunda, musa ukuthatha iincwadi kwizandla zabo, bazikhanyele ilungelo lokuphuhliswa. "Bapheka" kwiingcinga ezifanayo, iingcamango, izicwangciso, ukunika ukutya engqondweni kwaye ungaqeqeshanga imemori.

Iincwadi zivelisa imfesane

Ukucinga okucinga, ukucinga - ezi "zixhobo" ziyimfuneko kumntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi iprofeshishini ayithandayo. UJoseph Conrad, ongowokufunda ngeencwadi zesiNgesi, wathi unobhala udala isigxina sencwadi. Zonke ezinye zibhalwa ngabafundi, ngokubhekisela kwiingcinga zabo. Ukuthetha okufanayo malunga neenzuzo zokufunda zinesizathu esihle.

Umntu okhupha emaphepheni omsebenzi wobugcisa engazi kakuhle imifanekiso yezinto ezenzeka entloko. Umfundi uzicingela ngokwakhe ukubonakala kunye neengubo zamaqhawe, imeko abahlala kuyo. Ifiloso icacisa ukuvutha, amazwi, izandi. Iintlobo zokufunda aziyikungabaza, njengoko kucinga ukucinga. Abantu kulula ukujamelana nokuqulunqa izimvo ezintsha, ezinefuthe elihle kumsebenzi, ubudlelwane, umgangatho wobomi.

Ukufunda kwandisa ii-horizons zam

Uliya U-Phelps ungumlobi wase-United States, ohlala ehlukanisa abafundi kubagaba ababini. Abameli beqela lokuqala, ngokuya kuye, bafunde ukukhumbula. Ezi zilandelayo zibandakanya kule nto ukuze zibale. Ziyintoni ukusetyenziswa kweziincwadi zokufunda, ukuba ulwazi olufunyenwe ngokukhawuleza ludlulayo kwimemori? Abantu abakwaziyo ukukhumbula ulwazi olufunyenwe ngolu hlobo lweencwadi, bandise zabo iindiri.

Iincwadi - igumbi lokugcina yolwazi oluninzi, oku kubhekisela kwimisebenzi enxulumene naluphi na uhlobo. Inzuzo yokufunda kukuba umntu uyaziqhelana neziganeko zembali, ufunda amava anomdla malunga namazwe angaqhelekanga kunye nezixeko, eqonda kangcono abantu abahlala kuwo. Enyanisweni, inoveli esemgangathweni iba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba.

Yintoni ukusetyenziswa kokufunda? Umntu othanda inkolelo ayigcini ebomini bodwa-eyakhe. Uzama i-future of characters ahlukahlukeneyo ayenayo ngokwenene okanye aqulunqwe ngumlobi. Ufumana iimvakalelo ezibonakala kubalinganiswa, zenza amava abo obomi. Umfundi akafuneki ukwenza iimpazamo ngokwakhe, unokufumana izifundo kwabanye.

Iincwadi zifundiswa ukuthetha

I-Descartes inqwenela ukuthelekisa ukufundwa kwemisebenzi yobugcisa kunye nencoko. Ngelo xesha, abaxhamli be-reader, ngokubhekiselele kuye, ngabantu abanobuhlakani kunabo bonke bexesha elidlulileyo kunye neli xesha, abathi baxelele kuphela iingcamango zabo ezibalulekileyo. Inzuzo yokufunda ayikho nje ukukwazi ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Ngomntu onomlutha kwiincwadi, kunomdla ukuthetha.

Ukufunda kungekhona nje ukunyusa inani lezihloko zonxibelelwano. Ukufunda iincwadi kunomthelela ekwakheni izakhono zokuthetha. Abafundi bafundela ngokulula ukukwazi ukuthetha iingcamango ngamagama - ngokucacileyo nangokuhle. Siyabulela kwiincwadi, abantu baphumelele ukuphuhlisa italente yomlandisi. Okunye-ke umdla wokufunda ubonisa ukukwazi ukuvavanya imeko kwimeko yomnye umntu, unikezela ukuguquguquka, ukukwazi ukuvakalelwa.

Ukufunda kukukhetha abantu abafunde

UBenjamin Franklin uhlale ecetyisa abanye ukuba bazinike ixesha elide kwiincwadi, kodwa baphathe ngokukhethekileyo. Kuboniswa ukuba ukwandiswa kwesigama, ukukwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo kubambe iqela kwimisebenzi eqwalaselwe njengezigaba zeklasi. Enyanisweni, umfundi ufunda izifundo kubabhali abalungileyo, basebenzise ngentshiseko kwaye bavelise imemori ebonwayo.

Uninzi lwezicaphulo malunga neenzuzo zokufunda zihambelana nolwazi olutsha oluvulela umfundi. Siyabulela kwiincwadi, umntu akaqale nje ukubhala aze athethe ngaphandle kweephene, ngokuchanekileyo enze izivakalisi. Uhlala ekhumbula amagama amatsha, iingcamango, imiqathango. Isigama sakhe siba lukhulu kakhulu.

Iincwadi - ukukhusela izifo

UMontesquieu wabelana nabangane bakhe abasondeleyo umkhuba wakhe wokubamba iincwadi xa kukho inkathazo ebomini. Ukuba ukholwa ngamazwi akhe, akukho ntlungu, incwadi enhle ayiyi kunceda. Ukongezelela, ngokuqhelekileyo imisebenzi yobuciko ekhuthaza ukuphuma okulula kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ukuxhotywe ngeencwadi, umntu ngamnye uyakwazi "ukuyeka" ukuguga kwakhe, ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwesifo se-Alzheimer, ukugula komzimba. Oku kuchazwa ngethoni apho ubuchopho buhlala khona. Nokuba ukucinga ngokubaluleka kokufunda kuqeqeshwe ngengqondo, oku kuyaxhalabisa ngemisebenzi enengqiqo yokuba umbhali womsebenzi othakazelisayo uhlala ephosa abafundi. Ukucamngca kukuhlawulwa ngempumelelo kwengqondo, ekhusela ukuhla kwexesha elidala kumakhono engqondo.

Ukufunda kuphucula ubuthongo

Ukuphumla akuyiyo yodwa imiphumo ebalulekileyo eveliswa yiincwadi ezilungileyo kakhulu kumfundi. Ngokomphando, ubugcisa busebenza uncedo abantu abanenkxalabo yokulibala ukulibala malunga neengxaki ezifanayo. Ukufunda iincwadi ngaphambi kokuba ulale embhedeni kuyinto enomdla, eyanceda umzimba ukuba uqonde ngokukhawuleza ukulala. Ukongeza, ngeli xesha ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo lugcinwe kakuhle entloko.

Iincwadi zenza igalelo

Ubungakanani bemihla yobomi bunje kukuba abemi bangekhulu lama-21 bafumana ithuba lokugxila kwingqalelo enye. Umntu uzama ukwahlula phakathi komsebenzi, ukuthetha kwifowuni, ukufuna ulwazi kwi-net kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukukwazi ukugxila ngokuchanekileyo, okusoloko kuvela ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuyaphela.

Kwinkqubo yokufunda, abantu bagxininisa kumgca wendaba, bengaphazanyiswa yi-intanethi kunye nezinye iinjongo zempucuko. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabafundi, ukuphawula iinkcukacha, ezikhankanywe ngokungaqhelekanga ngumbhali. Iingxaki zokugxininisa ngokupheleleyo, eziphucula umgangatho wobomi, zikhawuleza isisombululo semisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ukufunda kwenza ukuzithemba

I-Cicero ayizange ibandakanye ukubaluleka kwiincwadi ezingafaki ukuzonwabisa kwabafundi. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuzonwabisa elihle lihlanganiswe ngempumelelo kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo. Iingcali zengqondo zikhuthaza ngokukhawuleza ukuxutywa kweengcamango kunanoma yiphi iminyaka kungekho nto. Iincwadi zichaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo i-erudition ye-reader, eyinika ithemba elikhulu kuye. Umntu ufumana uluvo lwakhe lweengxaki ezininzi zeengxaki, uyakwazi ukuxhasa ingxoxo apho kufuneka ulwazi olusisiseko. Konke oku kuba ngumnikelo ekuqiniseni ukuzithemba.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abafundi bayakhula abantu, abazali ababeka iincwadi kwizandla zabo ebuntwaneni, bekhuthaza umzekelo wabo. AmaMama kunye nabantwana akufanele bathethe ngokunyuka kwezinga lemfundo ezikolweni zanamhlanje, kodwa ukunyusa umntwana ukuba afunde iincwadi.