Imbali zeshishini kunye nenkcazelo yayo

Imbali Business nangoku kunye mandulo. Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, amava enkulu kunye namasiko zokwenza ushishino, kunye nenkcubeko zokuziphatha ishishini. Thina uchaze indlela yembali yehlabathi asakhulayo kuphuhliso loshishino, weyona mizekelo iphawulekayo impumelelo kwaye uqale ishishini ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Ingcamango yeshishini

In Russian, igama elithi "ishishini" nelithi kwezoshishino, IsiNgesi eli gama lithetha "ishishini". Umongo kule meko kuxhomekeke inzuzo evela nayiphi na iklasi.

Business - kuba umsebenzi yezoqoqosho enxulumene ubungozi, uxanduva kubo eqala entrepreneur. Ngoko usomashishini has lokuzimela ekwenziweni kwezigqibo kwaye nokucwangciswa ishishini. Business njenge buyinto kwezoqoqosho, abayinqobo ukuya zomthetho, imali kunye nempahla noxanduva, ingeniso ngendlela. Kuzo zonke urhulumente imithetho yayo elawula ukusebenza koosomashishini, kodwa kunjalo, zibonelela ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho kunye nokuhlawulwa kwerhafu kwingeniso.

iifom zoshishino

Ngaphezu kwenkulungwane yomlando kuphuhliso loshishino liqulunqe ntlobo zalo eziphambili. Kuba ifomu ethandwa kwaye ngokwembali neenkxalabo kakhulu urhwebo, lesibini ifomu frequency - imveliso, kwaye eyesithathu - ubonelelo lweenkonzo.

Kwakhona iquka iintlobo ezifana inshorensi, zemali, ityala kunye bonisa ishishini. Kwi kwiimpawu zeziko nezomthetho umahluko ezi ntlobo zamashishini njenge lwentsebenziswano, intsebenziswano, inkampani enomda kubutyala, ubambiswano lentengiso, inkampani joint-stock kunye namashishini nosapho.

Ukuvela yoshishino

Imbali Business enemvelaphi yayo kudala. I oosomashishini yokuqala ukuvela xa kwakuwo kweemveliso baqalisa ukuba bavelise kwezolimo. Ngoko ke abantu abaninzi esebenzayo baqalisa ukutshintsha iimveliso kwezinye izinto zasekhaya kunye nokutya. ixesha ngempahla yathatha ixesha elide, kodwa ubukhulu becala "noosomashishini" eyenzeke iindawo ezincinane kakhulu eengingqi. Neshishini imali iinkqubo baqalisa ukuba izinto ezinkulu, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba kuvela mali, abathengisi inshorensi.

Business kwi World Ancient

Oku zabhala imbali yeshishini iqala ngo-aram. Kukho unxulumano Abathengisi iqela izidalwa nge Iikhredithi zibonelela iintengiselwano ezahlukeneyo yimali yorhwebo.

E Greece yamandulo, i-trade ulawulo kwindawo karhulumente, kunye noosomashishini inxaxheba kubonelelo ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu zemali kunye namatyala. Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo ishishini kwenzeka eRoma yamandulo. Oosomashishini ukudala imibutho zebhanki enkulu, amashishini ukuvelisa iimpahla, izixhobo, izinto zasekhaya kunye nempahla. Ngeli xesha, uqala ukuba basebenzise ngenkuthalo abasebenzi eqeshiweyo. Kodwa imveliso ubukhulu becala manual. Ngeli xesha, kwasekwa inkqubo yokuqala accounting kunye irhafu yamashishini, ukuzama ukulawula imisebenzi yabo.

Abanemvume Business

Emva kokuwa kwimbali bamaRoma Business ongena kwinqanaba entsha yophuhliso. Kukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kurhwebo ngenxa kubudlelwane Byzantine phakathi empuma nasentshona, ubudlelwano ezintsha phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu kunye kumazwe asempuma.

Ngeli xesha, ukwanda kwemveliso, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani loomasifundisane wobugcisa. Zakha iklasi lamaKanan, abo bamanyene inhlangano, ukuba uqhagamshele capital zokuthengwa kweempahla kumazwe akude. Ngenkulungwane ye-14 e-Italy kokusungulwa inkqubo accounting, nto leyo kamva yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso yongxowankulu. Ekupheleni kumaXesha Aphakathi kuqala ukuvela iinkampani ezinkulu ukuba engaganwanga kuphela intengiso kunye nezothutho kweempahla, kodwa ke ukuvelisa iindidi impahla, ukuqesha abasebenzi.

Ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo

Ekubeni New Age engena ixesha elitsha kuphuhliso loshishino. Ixesha of geographical ezifunyaniswe enkulu kukhokelele Usenokuzingomb entsha inkqubo yoshishino. Kukho inkampani enkulu, nto leyo zixhobisa iinqanawa urhwebe kumazwe aphesheya.

Ngenkulungwane ye-16 UHlaziyo kwakhokelela ukuvela kobuProtestanti, nto leyo kugqalwa isidima ebalulekileyo, ukukhuthala nobutyebi ingqalelo njengophawu intsikelelo kaThixo. Oku kwakhokelela ukuvela kukho inani elikhulu oosomashishini kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ingakumbi emantla yayo.

Ekuveleni kweyama-17 kunye 18, owokuqala Isazinzulu IsiNgesi Cantillon isebenzisa igama elithi "ishishini". Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 eqalisa ezoshishino, kuba nokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa iimpahla zexabiso eliphantsi kukuninzi.

Kule gagasi, kukho udidi olutsha oosomashishini, mveliso ababefuna ukuzuza ngokuthi kwandiswe imveliso. Le iklasi iba "injini inkqubela" yokwenene, ezi noosomashishini ke lwabasunguli kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha, efuna iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kwamashishini, ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha leenkampani zolawulo.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-18, ukwandisa umda iinkampani joint-stock kunye neebhanki, oku kukhokelela ekubeni ishishini ekuqaleni ngakumbi nangakumbi yahlulwe abana ezinkulu nezincinane, likhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabo. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, uMenzi udidi longxowankulu batyala imali izibonelelo kuphuhliso kwimveliso.

ushishino lwangoku

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 iqala linqanam lwangoku zamashishini, nini ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ishishini. Ngeli xesha, uphawu uba imbali yeshishini ukusuka phezulu emhlabeni, negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lweli candelo linika ihlabathi indlela yokuphuma yeengxaki zemali kunye nokwanda iingcamango American malunga impumelelo ngasinye.

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, kukho intsimi entsha lomsebenzi - umphathi, yaqalisa nezobunzululwazi ulawulo loshishino ngokubonakalayo nokuqulunqa iingcamango ezintsha kwezoqoqosho.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-20, kukho revolution wesithathu mveliso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni impumelelo kwinkalo ezintsha zoshishino. Umjikelo entsha yeshishini ezinxulumene kunye nophuhliso loshishino lwe isithuba yenyani. E-commerce sele iqonga zokuqonda ngezimvo kwabarhwebi abasakhulayo. Bona bangezi nje kuphela, obalaseleyo entsha, kodwa ithuba lokuhlela ishishini eliphumelelayo kunye utyalo ephantsi ekuqaleni.

Inqanaba ezilungiswayo luphawulwa luphuhliso olukhawulezayo iqala yoshishino ehambisana kunye nokubandakanyeka abatyali-mali kunye nokuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi zoshishino kwiindawo eziphakamileyo teknoloji imveliso.

Imbali yeshishini Russian: ukuvela kunye nezigaba

Russia lalo entsimini yoshishino, ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Sisuka ubudlelwane emali kwilizwe lethu kuphela ngenkulungwane yesi-9, yaye ke iqala ukwenza lo maleko wokuqala abarhwebi abo zijikeleza umhlaba karhulumente kunye ngokoqobo ingeniso evela umsebenzi wabo.

Ukwamkelwa Orthodox kwadodobalisa kancinci kuphuhliso loshishino, kodwa ayikwazi wayeka ubomi, kwaye inkqubo yokumisela i-ishishini ukhetho zabo Ngokuthe ngcembe yande. Russia kuba izwe kwezolimo, ubukhulu becala usoloko ibe yintsimi koosomashishini zolimo. Kuzo zonke, kwakukho iqela elikhulu ngeendibano kunye neemarike ekuphunyezweni iintlobo zokutya.

Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-16, eli lizwe ongena ixesha wokuvuselela intsebenziswano namanye amazwe, kuba nefuthe kuyingenelo kwi ekudalweni usapho kunye abasakhasayo amashishini. Ngcembe ukwandisa imveliso kwempahla, kwasekwa iqela neengcibi ukugxininisa imveliso imveliso yalo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, urhulumente waqala ukunika inkxaso koosomashishini, ukukhuthaza kuqala ishishini. Xa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo logcino ukuboleka iqala ukunyuka okuthe chu kwamanani ngoosomashishini zabucala. Yenziwe ngu le imifela zabarhwebi, ookopolotyeni zobugcisa, imibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye noluntu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 imbali yoshishino e-Russia ifikelele incopho yayo, kukho amashishini ezinkulu nezincinane, kwasekwa udidi lwe mveliso. Kukho iindawo ezintsha yemveliso, eRashiya ipasisa nqanaba mveliso. Uzinzo kwezoqoqosho wanceda ukutsala abantu kwicandelo loshishino.

Oko kwatshintsha kwixesha eSoviet. Ukupheliswa propati yabucala kwakhokelela ekubeni ishishini lutho kwaye mthethweni. Umda ishishini liye lathatyathelw amaziko karhulumente. Kuphela emva kokuba hlengiso abuyele umendo rhwebo eRashiya kwakhona ithuba lokwenza ishishini.

Kwiminyaka 30 ilizwe sele udlule amanqanaba zokwanda lwenkunzi, babucala, iimarike kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21 eli lizwe kancinane ukubamba up. Nangona ingxenye lweshishini zabucala waqalisa ukuhla kwakhona phakathi sentlekele zemali. Namhlanje eRashiya, ngamandla nokuphuhlisa amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi, iindawo e-commerce asahlumayo, ishishini uqala ukuba kwenziwa kwicandelo sunguleni.

lwamashishini amancinane

amava World ibonisa ukuba ukukhula ezinzileyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso yayo zinika iinkampani ikakhulu amancinci naphakathi. Imbali yanamhlanje amashishini amancinane lubonisa ukuba kukho iinkampani ezincinane zabucala na injini koqoqosho. Amava Russian yendalo lwamashishini amancinci uqale 90 zenkulungwane yama-20, xa abantu ngaphandle eninzi eyinkunzi ukudala iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye norhwebo siqinile.

Urhulumente velisa ezahlukeneyo iindlela ukuxhasa amashishini amancinane kwaye ulindele ukuba 2030 malunga 60-70% yabantu uqeshwe kweli candelo. Ukutyhubela imbali yeshishini ziye imizekelo emininzi impumelelo enkulu kunye nokusilela. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekuqaleni xa waqalisa ishishini lakhe umnini-network yorhwebo inkulu Wal-Mart. Sem Uolton wakwazi ukuba beze yabo ngempumelelo imodeli ushishino, nto leyo ekugqibeleni amenza izigidi ngengeniso waza wajika ishishini encinane ibe inkampani enkulu.

impumelelo Stories

amava World of imizekelo emininzi yendlela abantu, ngenxa iCEO yeQumrhu yayo iyasebenza kwaye aluncedo, wegqitha indlela ezivela kumashishini amancinci kumashishini amakhulu. Amabali ngempumelelo yeshishini baninzi.

ibali onomtsalane abahlobo abathathu - Sigla, Baldwin kunye Bowker - abantu bemanyene uthando lwabo ikofu bavula ivenkile encinane, nto leyo kamva waba chain odumileyo zezindlu Coffee Starbucks Coffee. amabali empumelelo Classic yimizekelo uHenry Ford noGeorge Parker, ngubani wakwazi ukwakha ishishini elikhulu izimvo zabo kunye nomdla.

A page eyahlukileyo kwimbali yoshishino - oku kubonisa ishishini. Le ndawo sele sikhona kakade Greece yamandulo. Kodwa ke njengoko le mveliso kuyaqala ukuvela kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Imbali ibonisa ishishini iqala eUnited States, inegalelo kuphuhliso eninzi ifilimu kunye ushicilelo lwamaculo.

Le boom kwezoshishino entsimini ezibukweni iqala ukusuka kwisiqingatha-2 kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa uqala ukuba imilo inkcubeko ethandwayo. Kukho oosomashishini: oosomashishini, abavelisi, abaphathi abenza ingeniso yazo ishishini abadlali, neemvumi, ababhali. Namhlanje show ishishini - emarikeni apho kukho inani elikhulu kumashishini amancinci, aphakathi kunye enkulu.