Chauvet Cave, France: le mifanekiso rock unique

mizobo Rock emiqolombeni, zenziwe ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, zezona into izazinzulu zophando ehlabathini lonke. Kulo mfanekiso ithathwa ukuba eliphuma art kunye nendalo emangalisayo ekhangeleka umfanekiso onamacala amabini. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga obukhulu onomtsalane eshiywe ngabantu abangekaphuhli emqolombeni emazantsi eFransi, kwintlambo Ardèche River.

Ivalwe ukuze ukuhambela Chauvet Irholo

lesikhumbuzo yembali eli lizwe, idweliswe njenge UNESCO World Heritage Site, uvaliwe ukuba ufikelelo loluntu, ekubeni naluphi na utshintsho ukufuma kakubi kuya kuchaphazela imeko kwimizobo yamandulo. Nje abembi ezimbalwa, elandela iintsilelo liyavunyelwa ukuba iiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwelabafileyo, Imifanekiso ke leyo ndibalisa ubomi kunye nobomi babantu bamandulo.

A buza ekhethekileyo kumazantsi France

Eyahlukileyo Chauvet Cave (grotte Chauvet), ngaphezulu kwe-800 ubude, yavulwa ngo-1994 ngu speleologists emithathu, wathola isiqingatha kungcwatywa isango wobugcisa unexamined zendalo. Izazinzulu, emva usebenzisa nezinyuko kumqolomba igalari, nto leyo iye ilondolozwe iingceba zeengxondorha kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, abantu uvalo yi le mbono ekhethekile: bafumana imizobo esematyeni, ezigcinwe kakuhle yaye wayekwazi babulawa. Abaphandi bathi le sidalwa nameless imvelo bongamile kubungakanani bayo kunye nenani eqingqiweyo bonke eyaziwa ngaphambili olu hlobo nezakhiwo komhlaba.

Amanqaku imizobo kunye neendlela isicelo sabo

Chauvet Cave (France), ogama emva omnye neengcaphephe wafumanisa ukuba uluntu wanqanyulwa ihlabathi ngaphandle ngamatye uwe ngexesha Ice Age, nto leyo imizobo esematyeni ugcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Ihlabathi komhlaba wenziwe amagumbi ezintathu banzi eziqhagamshelene mizila elide. Emiqolombeni yamawa Imizobo ezimbini ezenziwe kunye imbola ebomvu, yaye nokukrola yokugqibela ofunda amaqhekeza abamnyama.

Ezindongeni isale imifanekiso ezingaphezu kwama-400, izazinzulu 'ukumangala into yokuba abahlala emiqolombeni abangekaphuhli awusondelanga kuphela izilwanyana ezingelwa, kodwa kananjalo ezizingelayo ezinkulu njengeengonyama nakoodyakalashe. Njengoko izazinzulu, kukho inani elikhulu kwemikhombe picture ukuba zingasondeli amandla kunye namandla ndlovu.

izilwanyana eziphilayo, nezinobunzima ezintathu iitoni entloko wazihombisa uphondo ubude eliphezulu phezu kwemitha enye, yaba esidla, kodwa nomsindo kunene, yaye oku kungqinwa imeko imikhombe lokulwa Chauvet mqolomba. Emva izifundo eli nani ithathwa omdala ehlabathini.

"La magcisa kakhulu»

Kukho nenye inkalo apho wawurhola ingqalelo eengcali: ngaphambi kokuba isicelo ipeyinti, abantu icocwe kakuhle kwaye ebulungelelanisile eludongeni, imifanekiso zenziwe ngobuciko ukuba cavers kumangaliswa ikhono lakhe. Ibhalansi eyiyo kokukhanya nethunzi, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa siswele umdla omkhulu izazinzulu, ukuseka kwiminyaka imizobo esematyeni - malunga 35-37 iminyaka eliwaka, nangona umhla ngqo kusekho ngumbandela impikiswano enkulu.

Iingcali abaye bafunda ubugcisa ematyeni, bathi umntu nobu-, ayiqabe oko, ibe ngokuba igcisa enkulu. imifanekiso yamandulo afumaneka eFransi, izinto zobugcisa abazimiseleyo, kwezibonakalayo umbono kunye ezahlukeneyo engile.

Imizobo Rock, wenza inkathazeko elininzi lesayensi

, Waba imizobo emqolombeni imizekelo ezintle lwemizobo yokuqala kwexesha Paleolithic, kodwa Awuveli alula kwaye akukacaci, nangona, ngokutsho yokuhlela eyaziwa inzululwazi A. Leroi-Gourhan ukuba amabala plain kunye imigca - imizobo emqolombeni Chauvet mqolomba. umembi French kunye paleontologist, owathi wena neyavela zakudala ezintsonkothileyo, akazange alindele ukuvela emva kwexesha loo ubugcisa rock.

Nice ukuhlola emiqolombeni yamawa nasemingxunyeni Chauvet, Imifanekiso ke leyo asiphethule zonke mbono malunga nophuhliso lobugcisa, kuye kwanyanzeleka izazinzulu ukuba bacinge malunga illegitimacy nawuphi sikhokelo emikhakheni yasungulwa.

amanqanaba eyayingekaphuhli okanye aphezulu amagcisa bamandulo?

Abaphandi French ziye zacebisa ukuba abantu yokuqala babezazi umbono kunye chiaroscuro, kunye engile yekhamera engaqhelekanga zidida ziingcali ezininzi. Njengomthetho jikelele, amanani khangela eme ndawonye rock ifumana ngokugqibeleleyo zifake nemiba kunye nobunjani isilwanyana, nto leyo engaqhelekanga kakhulu kuba ixesha Paleolithic, kwaye ngokwesiseko ukutshintsha ingcamango abantu bakudala.

Umzekelo, umfanekiso ehasheni isebenza emqolombeni Chauvet, yaye musa ukuma, iingonyama abalithimbayo inyathi, kwaye iqulathe owoyikekayo, kwaye khangela, uziphose abantu. Neyamagcisa bakudala ngokuvumelana zibandakanyiwe imizobo kwindawo eqhelekileyo emhadini. Kubonakala ukuba ekuqaleni abantu bokuqala ukuba nobuciko kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

imizobo umqolomba Unique

Oku akumangalisi, kuba abantu bakudala kamva ixesha zange ashiye ngasemva naliphi na ikhethe ngaphandle iindawo ezimnyama ukususela ngomlilo. mizobo baselulwalweni ukwazi ngenxa yokuba bakwazi ukujonga imifanekiso yezilwanyana olungaziwayo, apho imbali uthi cwaka. Balala umdla eningenakukholwa phakathi Izazi. Umzekelo, i-extinct lomkhombe ezinoboya ke abamelwane kunye nabamelwane, benganxibanga ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye ke iingonyama kubonisiwe ezindongeni, akukho isingci eziqhelekileyo.

Imifanekiso nabantu emqolombeni kukho kancinane, nangona kukho iimilo angaqhelekanga, sifunda asilamntu kunye isidalwa kwamnandi kunye nentloko bison.

Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi, umfanekiso-ntathu senziwa lekhefu wengxondorha, ekunokuthiwa kakhulu ebonakalayo. Bona umdla omkhulu bezifo futhi enziwa usebenzisa iindlela ezingasebenzi naphi na. Izazinzulu zithi ekuthiwa-Paleolithic oopopayi emele umfanekiso nentaba efakwe ezifana ngaplastiki omnye komnye, yaye xa isiganeko ukukhanya umfanekiso iitotshi, kuba "liyaqhelezela".

izazinzulu zophando

Iingcali, iipateni abachaphazelekayo ubudala, ngokutsha imbali kwaye wafumanisa ukuba Chauvet Cave iye yaba yinto yomsebenzi yabantu wamandulo 37 namawaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, phambi kokuba kwakuhlala amabhere, leyo kunabanye ubunzima brown mihla. Mhlawumbi le nto inani elikhulu lamathambo lilungu utshaba loyikekayo, nangona abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba banqula abahlali abathi isilwanyana ihlelo.

Ke kaloku, umqolomba Chauvet, photo rock zobugcisa akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na lingenandaba, iye akusoloko behlala. Malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka ingenamntu, yaye izazinzulu zithi oku kunye notshintsho zejoloji emhlabeni, ngokukodwa, kunye landslides zeengxondorha.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini ukufunda komhlaba iiholo, oosonzululwazi, yaye izifundo ezingaphezu kwama-350 ziye luqhutywe ukuseka rhandzana lwemizobo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka Radiocarbon rhandzana. Noko ke, ngokutsho iingcali, nditsho lo hlalutyo akwanelanga ukuseka ubudala lokwenyaniso zalo mfanekiso.

amahlebo yomthombo

Chauvet Cave, uziqwalasele ezikhumbuzo ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali ibalulekileyo kwihlabathi zobugcisa ibamba iimfihlelo ezininzi, kuba, njengoko kanti, kuba akazange aphile abantu, kodwa kuphela ukuba ukudala imifanekiso. A bhere skull phezu kwelitye elikhulu ibonisa ukuba emqolombeni yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yonqulo kwezilwanyana kunye izithethe zobugqi. Oosonzululwazi utoliko olwahlukileyo iziphumo, kodwa iimpendulo eqinisekile kodwa abanakho ukukunika.

Ikopi emqolombeni

Ngowe-2015, isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwihlabathi yenkcubeko: eFransi, apho ikopi umqolomba eziziingangamsha, umnyango apho ivaliwe, kunye nonyaka indawo ekhethekileyo watyelelwa abantu malunga 350 amawaka. Amahlanu anesihlanu ezigidi euro zachithwa i GROTTO ngumntu, ngokuchanekileyo nezinye iiholo eliphangaleleyo, imizobo amandulo kunye stalactite.

Eyaba nelaye lasisiseko ubugcisa emihle eYurophu emqolombeni, yokuthunyelwa umthombo lokuqala umfanekiso phantsi nkcukacha zincinci, elindele ukuba wonke umntu ukuba angamchukumisi imfihlelo zaphawula elidlulileyo.