Courland Pocket - amavo neentsomi

Imbali uphambene. Ingakumbi ezininzi zentelekelelo ngenxa iimfazwe kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Le ubunkokheli beqela waba nomdla kwinto yokuba ulwazi olunikwe lukhanyiselo elilungileyo kweli lizwe. Namhlanje ngokuyinxalenye kuphela belele isigqubuthelo zabantu kangangokuba axhonywe iziganeko ezifana Courland Pocket iminyaka emininzi.

Njengenxalenye yale USSR

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II sichaphazele zonke iimbombo yehlabathi. impi njenge bengalindelwanga ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kodwa abaphathi abaphezulu wayengazi nje kuphela ngalo iinguqu besondela, yaye ulungiselela ukuya emfazweni.

Into yokuba abasemagunyeni ye-Union, kunye Germany babelazi namhlanje kuxelela inqwaba amaxwebhu. One of them - Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, leyo fihla izisusa igama olusemthethweni "non-ndlongo isivumelwano." Sisayinwe imithetho ngasese apho Latvia saba phantsi kwempembelelo yiSoviet.

Ngo-Oktobha 1939, imida meko luphakame ngaphezu kwama-20 000 Russian. Kunyaka olandelayo, ngoJuni, i Commissar for leMicimbi yangaPhandle Molotov wabeka Latvia iimeko: ibhodi kufuneka azise ngokuzithandela amandla abo. zomkhosi eSoviet kwafuneka ukucinezela kweelana ukuzama. Ukuze siphephe igazi, iimeko eyamkelweyo. Le omtsha yabamba unyulo 'fair "nomfundi omnye ukunyusa ngenxa yezabantu Diet.

Agasti 5, 1940 Latvia wajoyina eSoviet Union. Phakathi imimandla, owaba, yaye kummandla apho kwakukho Courland Pocket kamva.

Nganeno ngaseludinini zemfazwe

Ilandelwa ingcinezelo abo wasivuna ukuzimela karhulumente. June 22, 1941, iMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente bafika kula mazwe. Phakathi kaJulayi, wathinjwa ilizwe lonke. Yahlala phantsi kokukhokelwa kwilizwe utshaba entsha de ihlobo ka-1944.

Ikhosi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II emva Idabi Kursk. Ukususela ngoko, yaba Red Army inyathelo qhinga.

Ehlotyeni-mkhosi Union wafika ithi lweBaltic. Kukho baqala nqanaba isigqibo yenkululeko. Inxalenye esentshona Latvia wahlala ezinabantu de-Oktobha. Red wenza indlela eya kuLwandle eBaltic , wema kufuphi nedolophu Lithuanian ka Palanga. iqela isiJamani "North", eyenziwa ngaba Army 16 and 18, wanqanyulwa lonke iqela 'Centre ". Ngoko ke, inxalenye yokuqala ekusingasiqithi.

Ezi ziganeko ndikudalile Courland Pocket. Iyonke 400 000 amaJamani sabanjwa.

Capital njenge indebe

AmaJamani babanjwa phakathi miba mibini eSoviet. Umgca Wasolula ngomhla ezimakhulu mabini ngeekhilomitha ukusuka empuma kuye entshona Liepaja Tukums.

Enamabhongo ezinkulu, inkokheli eSoviet uye kwi ibitheni. October 10, 1944 waqalisa umsebenzi okukhulula Riga. Kwaba khona ngu: 1 Umothuko, we-61 we-67, 10 th Guards Army. Kodwa ke amaJamani alwa. Eqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubamba esi sixeko, bamthwalela phandle ngobungxamo likaxakeka waza waya ngaselwandle. Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva, emkhosini eSoviet ahlala ngasempumalanga kuwo umzi. October 15 baye bangena inxalenye yayo osentshona.

Xa abachasi shwaka ngokupheleleyo umkhosi "Centre", yaye ikomkhulu yoyiswa, iinjengele wanika umyalelo ukuphelisa utshaba, abathatha phezu lizwe. Kurland kwibhoyila wawuza kuba indebe ilula kwaye ikuncede kunye nelahleko engephi.

Imizamo yokuqala kwi impahla

ubunkokheli eSoviet Baqala ekhubekisayo ngomhla we-16 Oktobha. Noko ke, amaJamani alwa. izimpi. imikhosi Soviet wahlala kwizikhundla zazo yaye abazange bakwazi ukuthatha imihlaba emitsha. Wabonisa isibindi ekhethekileyo 1st Shock Army. amajoni awo bakwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinkulu.

Bakwazi ukuthatha kwidolophu Kemer asondele iindonga Tukums. Ngokubanzi, bazithwala bezibambe malunga-40 km. Ngaphezu koko, intshukumo yabo ukunqanda utshaba.

Red Army babulala elinye igalelo kwi-27 Oktobha. Ubunkokheli akazange afune ukuba atshabalalise ngokupheleleyo utshaba. Lo msebenzi ephambili bayagqobhoza zokuzikhusela zakhe, bayiqhekeze umkhosi ngokwamaqela amancinane bangakwaziyo ukunceda abanye. Kodwa andizange kuwa, "Kurland kwibhoyila". Le mfazwe, eyaqala ngomhla wama-27, baqhubeka de-Oktobha 31, emva koko kwinqanaba lohlaselo wamiswa.

Ukungaphumeleli Foundation - isikhokelo yangaphakathi

Njengoko kwenziwe phezu kwiinyanga ezizayo ezimbalwa ukuzama ukulahla amaNazi, kodwa ngempumelelo ochasene bahlaselwe. Ukongeza, ngaphandle ngokomyalelo kwesi sixhobo. Inxalenye wasebenzisa emthethweni. Kwakukho wancipha kakhulu phakathi kwamasoldati, uninzi kwabafileyo wayilimaza.

Ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba, iSoviet Sabuyela uhlaselo. kwaba oyimbalasane isixeko Liepaja.

Esona sizathu siphambili sinqumo kwakhululwa usingasiqithi gwenxa Red Army bekumele. unxibelelwano njengowoyikekayo ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela isicwangciso samanyathelo yakhokelela yaye kuvalwe elide, nto leyo eye bamelana Courland Pocket. Memoirs ka amaJamani, ngokuchaseneyo, bonisa ukuba Army "North" wayesebenza nezinamatheleneyo nje eyodwa. Bamabutho baye basungula Igridi iziporo, nto leyo eye wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso imisebenzi yokulwa.

Ngoko ke, amajoni angabamelwane ngokukhawuleza efika kwinqanaba apho kwakufuneka uncedo. Kwelinye icala, ingathatha iiyure ezimbalwa amajoni ukuba isongela. Ukongeza, ezi imimandla isiJamani enqatyisiweyo kakuhle angabanga ukumelana ixesha elide.

ukulahlekelwa kakhulu kunye nokumelana strong

Ekwindla ka-1944 kummandla we-siqithi, kukho amaqela 32 1 zokucima. Ukongeza amaJamani kwicala iJamani yamaNazi balwa eNorway, baseLatvia, Estonia kunye Dutch. Baba yinxalenye SS amajoni yolondolozo. Kwaye, nangona ezaxhobela kakuhle yaye abazange kudlula uqeqesho, baya yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekulweni.

Ekupheleni konyaka inani imikhosi, ngokutsho data erhabaxa, wancipha ngama-40 000. Olo amanani kwabulawa Courland kukungxawu kwisigaba sokuqala seenzame ukuphelisa kuyo. Kuye ogula amatanki abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.

Emva koko, omnye umsebenzi wesithathu ekhubekisayo kwaqala nge-23 Januwari. Injongo yayo yaba ukutshatyalaliswa woqhakamshelwano, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle phezu yemizila kaloliwe. Iimfazwe zazilwela ngokungeyompumelelo iintsuku ezisixhenxe. Ke iingqwayi-Red Army wagqiba ukubethelela ezinabantu.

ukuzama

Kwinyanga kamva, waqala lo iliza yesine zokuhlaselwa kwi Courland Pocket (1945). NgoFebruwari 20, ingxaki omtsha sele iboniwe. kubume bayo - ukuya emlanjeni Vartava ndinqumle amaJamani ukusuka kwizibuko Liepaja.

Ngexesha umsebenzi enkulu bayaphule umgca ngaphambili, yaye amajoni Soviet wathabatha omnye iikhilomitha ezingama-2 kummandla yotshaba. Red Army anibanga isixhobo enkulu-abanjalo. Kodwa ke, kwelinye icala ngaphambili, njalo amaJamani wasondela zombini uncedo iphathekayo kunye namandla oluntu.

Ukuhlaselwa yamiswa ngomhla wama-28 Februwari.

NgoMatshi, le yokugqibela umzamo omkhulu-scale ukubagxotha amaJamani lwenziwa. amaqela athile amabutho Soviet baphumelela, kodwa kamva behambe umva.

Ilahleko amajoni zasekhaya yaba kubantu abangaphezulu kwe-30,000 abafileyo kunye 130.000 owenzakeleyo.

Kuba abalwe amaJamani

Long aziphelanga Courland Pocket. Idabi lokugqibela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kulo mmandla iphele nje phambi ngokupheleleyo emuva eJamani. NgoMeyi 9, 1945 isiqingatha abantu yanikezela. Enye inxalenye kulilize ukuzama ukufihla.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, baye ndandididekile. Unobangela umhlana amaNazi bema free yamajoni eSoviet kuLwandle lweBaltic.

AmaJamani kwakwenzekile imihla emibini, hayi uthotho lwakho ngobuchule kakhulu amancinci - Liepaja kunye Ventspils. Ngawo umzimba emanzini lwamaNazi ekufuneka edibene eJamani. Military kufumana inkxaso. Bona rhoqo kunikelwa ukutya, iimbumbulu kunye nemithi. Kwakhona kuqhutywa zokuthutha owenzakeleyo.

uzinikele ngokuzithandela

Ngakumbi nangakumbi yoluntu etsala umdla kumabali neentsomi zembali emkhosini. Kurland kwibhoyila ibingelilo ntsimi ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga ukuba itshintshe imbali. Waba uhlobo umzekelo yobuthathaka umyalelo Soviet emihle zivulelwe inyathelo yotshaba.

Imfundo Kurland ngokwamaqela (igama wayenxibe Army "North" ukususela ngoJanuwari 1945), kwaba nje impazamo. Ezi babemise ukushiya Latvia ekwindla ka-1944, kodwa ngenxa iyalibala zamajoni Jikelele Scherner anqamka ukusuka 'Centre ", nizihlabe wabuyela elwandle.

Offer ukuze bakhuphe division of Berlin wafumana ngaphezulu kanye. Phantsi iindonga Reich wathumela abantwana babo, abangakubonanga imfazwe, ngoxa kwi Courland lizwe amawaka amajoni waziphendulela zokuhlala ezincinane elinesibini.

Nangona isibakala sokuba kaHitler ababelugcwabevu ukukhankanywa nje emuva mmandla, nangona amaqela eziliqela yolwandle kwaziswa eJamani. Kodwa kakhulu emva kwexesha. Ukuhla kwamanani utshaba - esona sizathu siphambili sokuba imisebenzi ekhubekisayo USSR. Umkhosi wotshaba gqitha, isicwangciso krele, ngoko ngubani na owaziyo ukuba lwaphela iziganeko ngasentla, ukuba kungekhona ukuthula of Berlin.