Chinese uKumkanikazi Dowager Cixi: biography kanye photo

Imbali uyazi imizekelo eliqela ishweshwe indlela eqhelekileyo baba kuphela sultana, ookumkanikazi empresses, kodwa kunye amaqabane abo, okanye wedwa. Enye yezi abasetyhini edume Xiaodi Lanhua. Kuyinto kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba uKumkanikazi Dowager Cixi, apho abantu uWele Dragon igazi nangogonyamelo.

ebuntwaneni

Future uKumkanikazi Cixi of China wazalwa ngoNovemba 1835 usapho omnye mandarins sesiManchu. Umama wakhe waba Tong Jia akuyo ekuthiwa uNks Hoy. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-8 Lanhua Xiaodi nentsapho yakhe Ixhume eBeijing kwindawo entsha yobomi kayise. Kulo mzekelo, ngenxa ubume abazali babo abangamantombazana ezayo ubudala yabhaliswa njengoko abagqatswa basetyhini ishweshwe komlawuli. Ngokwesiko ngelo xesha, wayengakwazi sitshate de umlawuli kuMbindi Kingdom isigqibo yena akafuni ukuba ambone kwibhotwe lakhe.

"Abantu Precious"

NgoJanuwari 1853 inkundla loMlawuli Syanfyna, ngelo xesha sele engama-22 ubudala, ubhengeze ukhuphiswano namaqadi. Nje kwafuneka ukuba ukhethe amantombazana 70 eyi 14-20 ubudala, Abayise yaba kwizintlu ezintathu zokuqala sabaphathi ingenalo novelwano. Kukhethwe kuqala mantombazana ukuzalwa umhla 8 eyaziwayo intle.

Xiaodi Lanhua ngempumelelo ukhuphiswano kwaye waba "isixeko evaliweyo" eBeijing. Kwibhotwe wabonakala kule 5, irenki lisezantsi wamashweshwe "Guiren" ( "Abantu Precious"), kwaye iye ebizwa ngalo igama clan sesiManchu yayo Ehenara.

Career indlu yenkosi

Ngowe-1854, elizayo ukumkanikazi Cixi wawongwa isihloko wamashweshwe kwibakala 4, yaye ngowe ngo1856 - wesithathu. Ukuba ngabahlobo indalo kakhulu ezikrelekrele ukuvelela intombazana Ehenara kunye namathole uKumkanikazi uKumkanikazi Dowager Ci'an. Ngokutsho legend, oku lula kukuba, ndakuqonda malunga ukuzama izicwangciso phezu koNyana ezulwini umfazi wakhe, ishweshwe kumthwalo kwinkosikazi yayo ngokusela iglasi, nto leyo ityhefu.

UKumkanikazi wayeludlolo, nto leyo kakhulu ixhala apha eyadini. Kwanesilunga komkhulu, indoda yamcela ukuba ukhethe ishweshwe ukuze zizale. UKumkanikazi Dowager Ci'an, ngaphandle ukucinga kabini, uqambe iingxaki bakhe abathembekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, Ehenara wafumana iwonga "ishweshwe Precious" waza waqalisa ukuba ukuhlangana rhoqo umlawuli kuMbindi yoBukumkani.

"Ubomi bentsapho"

into enjalo angekho komkhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwakusazeka ukuba uMlawuli ekhethwayo sesiManchu Chinese nezicakakazi ngoko Ehenara, abangenanto iyinto ukoyika ukhuphiswano uKumkanikazi uKumkanikazi Dowager Ci'an, wayenokuqiniseka babebukele ukuze sikholise intombi yakhe yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo evela ebhotwe. Ngokutsho legend, emva kokulahlekelwa zabafazi Chinese umlawuli ngumsindo wabizela ishweshwe Precious kuye, njengoko bathi, emethini. Noko ke, wenza intlekisa iinyembezi imithandazo, yaye ekugqibeleni uthe ukuba ukhulelwe. Le ndaba emehlweni eyadini, kodwa abaninzi yathandabuza, njengoko uNyana waseZulwini ubunzima opiate likhoboka kakhulu yaye, ngokutsho oogqirha, kuphela mangaliso ukumnceda ukukhawula umntwana.

Kwazalwa unyana

Ngowe ngo1856 Ehenara wazala inkwenkwe, owathi ogama Tszaychun. Kukho amarhe okuba enyanisweni waba ukukhulelwa eyenziwe nokuzala, yakuba ukuba umntwana nomthinjana, unyana Chuin kaKesare.

Enoba oko, yaba unina indlalifa, Ehenara bafumana ubunzima enkulu lentendelezo, kokukhona kwexesha ukuze sele kakhulu mlawuli ugula baqalisa ukuya kugqitha kuyo ngakumbi namandla ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe uba umlawuli kanye China.

UKumkanikazi Dowager Cixi

August 22, 1861 uNyana ezulwini waphuma umphefumlo. Ngoko nangoko wajika umzabalazo komsindo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi. Owayengenabantwana uKumkanikazi uKumkanikazi Dowager Ci'an ingqalelo umfazi inqununu. Ngokutsho kwizithethe ekhoyo, ngokuzenzekelayo wafumana isihloko liphezulu "Huantay-belomu". Noko ke, ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokuba Syanfyna Ehenara kokufa ngexesha umzabalazo ekrakra eliyimfihlo yaqinisekisa ukuba wanikwa isihloko uKumkanikazi Dowager, banyula igama elitsha Cixi, bona bubonakala "Inceba". Kulo mzekelo, uKumkanikazi Dowager Ci'an kwakungekho wayebanga naye, nangona yena wayekwiqela kwitumente ngokusesikweni.

Regency

amandla ezopolitiko phantsi komthetho kuyindawo ngokulinganayo empresses ezimbini. Noko ke, uKumkanikazi Dowager Ci'an wanika izintso ishweshwe layo ex-intombi waza waqalisa ukuphila ubomi yodwa. Ngaphandle koku, ngowe-1881, wafa ukusuka yityhefu. Ngoko nangoko kukho amarhe zokuzibandakanya ekufeni kwakhe Cixi, njengoko Kwazeka ukuba kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe yena, wathumela i Dowager uKumkanikazi amaqebengwana irayisi.

Nokuba bathe zange kungafunyaniswa, ukufa yomhlolokazi mdala Syanfyna wenza Cixi kuphela umlawuli-ibamba. Kwaye kule ubume ukuba lingade liye kufika engama-17 ze-Prince Tszaychunya. Hi ndlela leyi, unyana wakhe wayenomdla encinane, yaye akazange ukunika ixesha yendlela esikhuliswe ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, le okwishumi elivisayo shi iindywala, kwaye nkqu eselula kakhulu kwafunyaniswa sisifo neegcushuwa.

"Umhlala ngokuzithandela"

Xa unyana weza ubudala, lo ukumkanikazi Chinese Cixi baziphethe ngokunengqiqo kakhulu. Lo mfazi kwizilumko neengqondi wakhupha umthetho apho bonke baziswe ukuba Regency yakhe phezu, kwaye edlulisela onke amandla zikarhulumente indlalifa. Noko ke, yena wayengekho eza umhlala, ngakumbi ke kuba kwaziwa kakuhle ukuba umlawuli oselula akazange akwazi ukubaleka elo lizwe, waza yena iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo.

yindlalifa ukufa

Cixi, ifoto leyo ezinikwe apha ngentla, akazange ahlale ixesha elide kule ngqele. Emva konyaka Tszaychun waxelela abantu ukuba isivumelwano ekupheliseni ingqakaqa. Ngelo xesha, China walamkela ukuba ixhoba sifo wamkela intsikelelo woothixo, ngoko umyalezo yafunyanwa yonke bevuya. Noko ke, umzimba yolutsha sele buthathaka sifo neegcushuwa, neeveki 2 kamva wafa.

Regency yesibini

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba ukufa unyana kufuneka enze ishweshwe yangaphambili ukuba umhlala-phantsi ukuze isijwili intlungu yabo, ingakumbi ukusukela nje "ngequbuliso" yafa intombi yakhe okhulelweyo elide phambi kokuzalwa. Noko ke, uKumkanikazi Dowager Cixi thiki ukuvumela izintso ezandleni. Yena wenza konke okusemandleni ukuba indlalifa entsha wakhethwa Tszaytyan kunyaka-4 ubudala - unyana Prince Chun kunye nodadewabo Vanchzhen. Ngoko ke, lo mlawuli elizayo wabonakala Cixi umtshana, lowo naye waba ngunina lokondla. Njengoko kwakulindelekile, lonke ixesha de omdala inkwenkwe leliya lizwe ukumkanikazi dowager, kwaye akukho namnye umbuzo ibalulekileyo ayilungiseki ngaphandle inxaxheba yayo.

Ukuqala kobukumkani Guangxu

Ngokungafaniyo nonyana Cixi kaThixo, indlalifa udumo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye wayesazi ukuba kwakuza kufuneka basebenze nzima ukugcina amandla phezu eyadini kunye China ezandleni zabo.

Noko ke, Cixi wazama ukuba ndaphule nesiko, yaye xa 1886 * uKhesare unyule igama august ka Guangxu, eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, wabhengeza ukuba ngoku naxhala, waza wemka, waya ebhotwe. Noko ke, yena vigilantly esweni imicimbi yelizwe kunye kwinkundla, ngokunjalo ukulawula izenzo uNyana bamazulu. Ukuze kube lula oku, ngoMatshi 1889 uKumkanikazi Dowager Cixi of China ngokwakhe obagwebelayo umfazi wakhe intombi yomzalwana wakhe, Jikelele GUI Xian Yu-Lun. Ngoko ke clan sesiManchu yaba namandla kakhulu umzi closed engabanga okhuphisana.

Impixano nge mlawuli oselula

Ekuqaleni kuka-1898 kuye kwacaca ukuba Guangxu abaxhasi novelwano uguquko. Ixesha lokuqala Dowager uKumkanikazi ingqalelo le nokuzifica. Noko ke, waxelelwa iindaba le rapprochement Guangxu kunye nofundiswayo wodumo wezopolitiko Kang Yuveem kunye nokuboniswa nememorandam yakhe. Isiphumo yonxibelelwano umlawuli oselula nenkokeli wabaHlaziyi baqalisa babizwa ngokuba "One Hundred Days of Reform". Kwiinyanga ezintathu, kunye mlawuli encinane wakhupha ummiselo 42 ukuphucula inkqubo yemfundo kunye nomkhosi, ukuthengwa koomatshini amatsha ezolimo phesheya, ulwakhiwo kaloliwe, ukuphuculwa iidolophu kunye nabanye.

ngesakhiwo akuphumelelanga

Ngaphezu koko, i koMlawuli ezifunyenweyo kwibhotwe odumileyo Jikelele Yuan Shikai. Cixi wayevakalelwa ukuba umoya namavumba kombuso wamajoni, waza waba ukuthatha amanyathelo ukugcina phantsi kolawulo loo meko.

ukukrokrelana bayo abazange nasihlahla, njengoko umlawuli oselula ngenene ukwabelana Yuan Shikai isicwangciso, njengoko babesiya apho abaHlaziyi ukumbamba uKumkanikazi Dowager kunye ukubulawa abanokuzityand zayo ezithembeke kakhulu. Nangona Jikelele wathembisa ukukhonza Guangxu ngokuthembeka, aze aphawule ingozi lokubanjwa, watyhila iplani nabavukeli isihlobo Cixi - Jikelele Ronglu, bakhonza ndingumthetheli Moscow yesithili emkhosini. ingxelo Last konke uKumkanikazi. Aleksandr gradskiy Cixi waya ebhotwe, lwafuna shela kwetrone Guangxu.

September 21, 1898 umlawuli wasiwa kwisiqithi Intay, leyo phakathi kwemida Akuvumelekanga City, yaye yafakwa phantsi endlini. Cixi kwavalwa ukufikelela kuyo yonke eli qela, kubandakanywa ishweshwe ozithandayo Chzhen Fey, namagosa, walindela umlawuli, kwafakwa yonke imihla ukuba nabani na kubo baqalisa ekukhuliseni uvelwano banjwa yasebukhosini.

umdlali-manqindi Imvukelo

Iziganeko ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwiSixeko Akuvumelekanga, ngexesha uKumkanikazi baphazanyiswa imeko imaxongo kweli lizwe. Kwaye ke kukhathazeka malunga, ekubeni China waqalisa ke inboxer Imvukelo. iinkokeli zayo lufuna kulondolozwe ubomi bamadoda kwakunye ukugxothwa baseYurophu, ndandisithi nokuvumelana ngokuphelelyo imibono Cixi. Kwangaxeshanye, balwa nxamnye Manchus, kuba namalungelo ngaphezu kwenkulungwane e-China.

Ekuqaleni le inboxer Imvukelo uKumkanikazi wakhupha umyalelo ukuxhasa ngumvukeli. She even wamisela umvuzo yalapha ofileyo ngamnye. Ukongeza, xa June 20, 1900 waqala ekuthiwa singqingiwe njalo ke zase Quarter, uKumkanikazi akazange athathe nawaphi na amanyathelo okukhusela oonozakuzaku wamisa 3,000 amaKristu China apho kwaye, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo wandixelela ngokuphandle imfazwe kwi Alliance, ekukho kuquka yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

flight

mngeni Vula 8 zinamandla ngelo amagunya xesha umkhosi zehlabathi (uBukumkani eItali, i-USA, France, Austria-Hungary, Japan, uBukhosi waseJamani, eRashiya kunye Great Britain), yaba inyathelo ngqiqweni. Ngokukhawuleza nje emva, ungenelelo amabutho, no-Agasti 13, 1900 Banyuka kwi eBeijing.

Ezi ntsuku zinzima kubomi uKumkanikazi Dowager Cixi. Kwangoko alibale naye zange izibhambathiso ukuphuma eyinkunzi waqalisa ukulungiselela ukubaleka. wazi kakuhle ukuba uMlawuli Guangxu ingasetyenziswa nxamnye neentshaba zakhe, Cixi ukumkanikazi, ogama engobomi ufunda ngathi inoveli umdla, wagqiba ukuba naye kwisixeko Taiyuan. umfazi Dodgy bagqiba ekubeni uhlale apho de imeko ubuyela abaqhelekileyo kwi komkhulu, ze uqale thethwano kunye abaphumeleleyo. Waye isicwangciso, yaye kwimeko nakwenzeka ukufumana izinto avumelana ngazo kunye neenkokeli Alliance. Waba ukubaleka Xian, apho ekuqaleni ekwindla bekungenakuba ngenxa iimeko zemozulu interventionists amajoni babeza kufumana.

Ukuze ngokukhululekileyo ukufumana e Taiyuan, Cixi wayalela ukuba achebe ngokwakhe namashweshwe uthembekileyo lezikhonkwane, banxibe zonke iimpahla mmandla, yaye neenwele kunxityelelaniswa izixa, ezifana prostolyudinok.

Ekubeni ishweshwe iphambili Guangxu esebenzayo kakhulu bambongoza ukuba agqithe kuloo yakhe ethandwayo e Beijing, uKumkanikazi Dowager wayalela ukuba alahlekelwe ibhinqa eliselula equleni ecaleni Palace yoxolo Ubude.

zingxoxo

Nangona kaNksz uKumkanikazi kaThixo lihamba ngendlela kwicala Xi'an, ikomkhulu egameni Li Hongzhang thethana. Uthe kubunkokheli be-Alliance, ukuba kukho ukungaqondi kunye Cixi ecela amazwe aseYurophu ukunceda ukuba ukucinezela inboxer qhankqalazo. Sele Septemba 7, 1901 satyikitywa neProtokholi sokugqibela uKumkanikazi waya ekhaya. Wayesele wavuya gqitha yonke impumelelo, eyathatha kwisixeko Weifang, kunye nengxolo enkulu sabhiyozela unyaka 66th.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Emva kokubuyela elikomkhulu uKumkanikazi Cixi wamphilisa ubomi kunesiqhelo, nangona yena wayengakwazi babe negunya nefuthe kakhulu ubomi babantu amaTshayina ngaphandle City Akuvumelekanga. De umoya yakhe yokugqibela diktatorsha ekhohlakeleyo wamthiya noMlawuli Guangxu. Xa lo mfazi bavakalelwa ukuba iintsuku zakhe zibaliwe, uyalelwe ukuba ityhefu kuye esiyityhefu. Ngoko ke, lo umlawuli ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala of China wafa Novemba 14, 1908, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo ihlabathi wafumanisa ukuba wafa Cixi (uKumkanikazi).

The Life ngokwesondo uKumkanikazi

Nangona amarhe ngayo ulwalamano lwakhe nendoda, kungabi nto leyo eyaziwa wepop ezithandwa Cixi. Ngoko ke, nokuba lo mfazi wayesazi ukuba ukuzimela unxibelelwano zabo okanye wazala ezinye izinto. Ibali kuphela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi iyavakala into edibene ekuzalweni Guangxu. Ngokukodwa, abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba yena unyana ka-Cixi ukusuka kwenye inkundla, yaye wanika kwimfundo kodade wabo.

kwimizobo

Lo mboniso yokuqala malunga Chinese ukumkanikazi Cixi yenziwa 1975 e-Hong Kong. Eyona engundoqo indima umboniso edlalwe yi Melika uLisa Lu. Ke izikrini wahamba ngenye ifilimu isihloko elifanayo (1989). Imbali uKumkanikazi of the Dragon yaba sisiseko kunye nemisebenzi eziliqela zoncwadi. Kwaye incwadi malunga yobomi bakhe kwaye yapapashwa kwilizwe lethu. In Russian okwangoku inoveli ekhoyo Chiung Cham "uKumkanikazi Cixi. Neshweshwe, ukutshintsha isiphelo of China. " Ngayo uxelela adventures kwimisebenzi Anchi Min kunye Perl Bak.