Desensitizing agents: uluhlu kunye nenkcazelo

Desensitizing agents (antiallergics, antihistamines) - iziyobisi ziye zasetyenziswa xa unyango iimeko komzimba. Indlela yesenzo iindlela ezinjalo kuboniswe ngohlobo evalela i receptors H1-histamine. Ngoko ke, kukho ingcinezelo yeziphumo histamine - iziyobisi mbambano ephambili ukuba ebonelela uninzi imbonakalo iimpawu komzimba.

Histamine ezichongiweyo kwinyama yezilwanyana 1907, ngo-1936, kwaye, amachiza yokuqala kwafunyanwa kuyo elinganeno isiphumo sale nto. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa ifuthe layo gistaminoretseptory inkqubo yokuphefumla, isikhumba kunye namehlo ebangela iimpawu ngokuqhelekileyo komzimba kunye antihistamines itshixa ikhusi le simo.

Ukuhlelwa arhente desensitizing kwi indlela yeziphumo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo komzimba:

• Imithi for uhlobo ngokukhawuleza negazi lakho.

• Imithi for libaziseko-uhlobo hypersensitivity.

Amayeza uhlobo ngokukhawuleza ziyabagulisa

1. Agents anqanda ukukhululwa yabalamli kunje kwiiseli kwezihlunu anencasa basophilic, lo inhibition waphawula ukuba cytotoxic ndachithelwa uxabane nawo :

• imali β1-Adrenomimeticalkie;

• glucocorticoid;

• myotropic imiphumela antispasmodic.

2. ekwenzeni cell ngena kwiseli.

3. blocker Iiseli receptor H1-histamine.

4. Desensitizing.

5. inhibitor yenkqubo ngumphelelisi.

Arhente isebenza kwi yalityaziswa-uhlobo hypersensitivity

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. Cytotoxic.

Pathogenesis of komzimba

Uphuhliso pathogenetic of nokwaliwa idlala indima ebalulekileyo histamine iya kuhlanganiswa ukusuka histidine kwaye lifakwa basophils (iiseli lwemasti), inyama nokuqina (kubandakanywa igazi) zegazi, eosinophils, lymphocyte, kunye iziselo eziphilayo. Histamine iiseli amelwe isigaba deaktivnoy kudityaniswe iiprothini kunye polysaccharides. Ekhululwe ngenxa kwiseli isiphako ngomatshini, immune, phantsi kwempembelelo imveliso yemichiza namayeza. Inactivation kwenzeka nge histaminase yayo kwithishyu mucosal. Isebenze H1 zemizwa ukuba Iyandonwabisa phospholipids ndizayo. Ngenxa ekudibaneni kwemichiza, iimeko ezinegalelo kwii kwi yeseli Ca, kunye nezenzo yokugqibela kwi egudileyo imisipha.

OBambeleyo gistaminoretseptory H2 histamine kukhokelela adenylate cyclase esebenzayo kunye nokunyuka kwimveliso kwinkampu zeselula, yenza ukwanda secretion le isifo esiswini. Ngoko ke, izinto ezithile desensitizing zisetyenziswa ukunciphisa secretion ka HCl.

Histamine uvelisa ulwandiso capillary inika yokukhulisa permeability yeendonga semithambo, impendulo edematous, ukunciphisa zomthamo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ukuqina zokucutha igazi yegazi, inyumoniya agudileyo izihlunu ucutheko layer ngenxa aphazamiseke H1 gistaminoretseptorov; nokuqiniswa ukukhululwa iadrenaline, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.

Owenza phezu receptors H1 kweendonga capillary endothelial, histamine ukhupha prostacyclin, oko kwandisa kugqitywe iinqanawa ezincinane (ingakumbi venules) Escrow igazi kulo, nokuncipha elijikeleza umthamo wegazi, oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kukhululwe plasma, iiprotheni kunye neeseli igazi iindonga ezongeziweyo mezhendotelialnogo isithuba.

Ekubeni amahlanu zenkulungwane yama-20. kunye amalungiselelo desensitizing kude kube utshintsho ephindiwe. Izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukwenza amachiza amatsha kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunye noluhlu ngobuchule ngakumbi. kuqala, isizukulwana yesibini neyesithathu: Ngelo langoku Okwangoku, kukho amaqela ezintathu zamachiza antiallergic na.

Desensitizing agents besizukulwana sokuqala

lula Desensitizing agents sizukulwana 1st kugqitha umqobo igazi-ingqondo (bbb) kwaye uqhagamshele gistaminoretseptorami uthinte. Le desensitizing igalelo neziphumo umthomalalisi, ezinje ngohlobo ukozela encinane, kwaye ekwimo bubuthongo ephilileyo. Medsredstva sizukulwana 1st Ukongezelela kuchaphazela indlela lengqondo ebuchotsheni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukusetyenziswa kwazo lunqongophele kumaqela ahlukeneyo lwezigulane.

Ingongoma ezongezelelweyo engalunganga kwakhona inyathelo nokhuphiswano kunye acetylcholine, kuba la machiza angasebenzisana kwalapho muscarinic njengoko acetylcholine. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba amanyathelo yala kula machiza kubangela umlomo owomileyo, ukuqhina, kunye tachycardia.

Desensitizing isizukulwana 1st ngononophelo ezimiselweyo ukunyanga iglaucoma agalelwa, izilonda, isifo sentliziyo, kwaye zidityaniswe kunye antidiabetic kunye neziyobisi psychotropic. Kufuneka uthathe iintsuku ezilishumi ngenxa ubuchule ukukhokela ngamakhoboka.

arhente Desensitizing isizukulwana 2nd

La machiza kufuneka kaBorrow eliphezulu kakhulu kunye receptors histamine, kunye nepropati uyakhetha, kanjalo ukwenza kwi nezamkeli muscarinic. Ukongeza, ukuba luphawulwa umthondo aphantsi kulo lonke BBB kwaye ayikhobokisi, musa ukuvelisa umthomalalisi (ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye izigulane ubuchule ngokulula ukozela).

Ekupheleni ulwamkelo isiphumo unyango lwamachiza bangahlala iintsuku ezisi-7.

Abanye ilifa imiphumela anti-ukudumba, isiphumo cardiotonic. Amaphutha yokugqibela kufuna ulawulo lwe nkqubo sentliziyo ngexesha kolwamkelo lwabo.

Desensitizing agents lesithathu isizukulwana (entsha)

isizukulwana esitsha zamachiza antisense luphawulwa a selectivity eliphezulu ukuya gistaminoretseptoram. Ukuba ungabi sisizekabani umthomalalisi yaye abazange kuchaphazela iimpahla intliziyo negazi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezi machiza izibonakalise njengolona ngexesha elide unyango antiallergic - unyango lwe nokuthimliswa komzimba, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing iziyobisi abantwana

amayeza umzimba abantwana abangabakhe kwiqela H1-blocker, okanye iziyobisi antisense - ichiza bekujongiwe unyango yokusabela ezahlukeneyo komzimba emzimbeni bomntwana. Kweli qela lwamayeza avelele:

• I sizukulwana.

• II ngezizukulwana.

• III ngezizukulwana.

Amalungiselelo abantwana - ngezizukulwana ndiya

Yintoni apho desensitizing iziyobisi? Dwelisa kubo thaca apha ngasezantsi:

• "Fenistil" - rekomenovan abantwana abadala ngaphezu kwenyanga enye ngohlobo kuncipha.

• "Diphenhydramine" - ngaphezu kweenyanga ezisixhenxe.

• "Suprastin" - ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Phambi kokuba baqeshwa kuphela kwifom injectable kwaye kuphela phantsi kweliso zonyango ugqirha.

• "Fenkarol" - ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu.

• "Diazolin" - ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini.

• "Clemastine" - ngaphezu kweminyaka emithandathu, emva kweenyanga ezili-12. ngokohlobo isiraphu kunye inaliti.

• "Tavegil" - ngaphezu kweminyaka emithandathu, emva kweenyanga ezili-12. ngokohlobo isiraphu kunye inaliti.

Amalungiselelo abantwana - II Generation

Amachiza desensitizing uqhelekileyo olu hlobo:

• "Zyrtec" - ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu ngokohlobo yokuncipha nangaphezulu iminyaka emithandathu azipilisi le.

• "Claritin" - ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini.

• "Aerius" - ngaphezu konyaka omnye ngokohlobo isiraphu, naphezu ilishumi linamibini azipilisi le.

Amalungiselelo abantwana - III isizukulwana

agents Desensitizing hlobo ziquka:

• "Astemizole" - ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini.

• "Terfenadine" - kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama abathathu kwifomu abasarhoxisiweyo kunye neminyaka engaphezu kwama emithandathu azipilisi le.

Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku xa kukhethwa amachiza-komzimba umzimba yomntwana (hayi kuphela) ukunceda uhambe uze wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe amayeza kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ukufunda imiyalelo, onokuwatshintsha ukujongana ngalo mbuzo: "iziyobisi nemithi - ntoni na?". Kufuneka kwakhona bafune iingcebiso zonyango.