Nave - yintoni na le nto? Intsingiselo yegama elithi "bubheke". Nezivalo bokwakha

Nave - le yenye izinto eziphambili sokuyilwa yaseYurophu zetempile. ntoni eli gama lithetha ntoni? Apho kwenzeka? Ziintoni iimpawu eziphambili evenkileni kwi bokwakha? Oku kuza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

Nave - it ... Imvelaphi elithi

Sesakhiwo itempile umxhelo ngokwenene yaye encomekayo. Ujonge icawa enkulu kunye iCathedral etsolo elikhulu iifestile zeglasi nebala, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba le ubuhle zadalwa ngumntu. Ngomhla omnye izinto ezingundoqo izakhiwo zetempile eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Yintoni bubheke? Eli gama libhekisela inxalenye yesakhiwo ibandla, eyenzelwe nje abahlala bethembekile. Iyintoni na intsingiselo yegama elithi 'nezivalo "? Eli gama yezakhiwo livela kwigama kwisiLatini navis, gama elo elithetha "nqanawa."

Eneneni, bubheke - ilungu longitudinal ekwakheni etempileni, igumbi, sifunda kakhulu iphenyane okanye inqanawa. Yena ngengozi unalo side, ebonisa indlela ende kusindiso zamaKristu. Ngamanye amazwi, ibandla - akunto oko kufana nenqanawa eya ubambe ikholwa bokwenene onke izaqhwithi kunye njengamaza olwandle isaqhwithi yobomi.

Basilica njengoko uhlobo yokwakha

Basil (ukusuka Greek - "indlu yokumkani") - uhlobo olulodwa sokwakha, uxande kwicebo. Le nto ndiyibhalayo inani umtya kwezitulo, ezahlukeneyo ukuphakama.

Basil luquka izinto eziliqela bokwakha. Zezi:

• neefeleni (central, sclerosis);
• transept;
• sredokrestiem;
• narthex;
• nenqaba yentsimbi;
• ndlwana;
• apse;
• choir;
• Ambulatory.

Ukuba evenkileni kwi kwindlu yonqulo embalwa, bahlukene kwimiqolo okanye iintsika. Wathi engundoqo (idla liphezulu) ngaphezu iifestile kwenqanaba yesibini ekwezi lwesakhiwo.

Kwindlu yonqulo lokuqala baqalisa ukwakha amaGrike amandulo. Ngoko olu hlobo lokwakha belibolekiwe bezakhiwo uBukhosi baseRoma.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na zendlu izakhiwo zetempile, siye saxubusha. Ngoku makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha nesiqalelo.

Nezivalo kwi sesakhiwo icawa

Ngoko, xa zendlu izakhiwo zetempile ibizwa ngokwandisa inxenye longitudinal zala mazwe, elinganiselwe (elinye okanye kumacala omabini) umqolo of columns.

Ngokufuthi icawa zaseYurophu neenafu ezintathu (ubuncinane - omnye okanye emihlanu). Kulo mzekelo, i-central lusoloko kubalaseliswe ububanzi ubude. Ulwahlulwa-hlulo izakhiwo zetempile phezu ipakishwe ibamba bokwakha Gothic kunye zobuciko kunye classicism.

Le element lisetyenziswa kuphela bokwakha etempileni, kodwa ayiveli. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, isigqibo ezintathu-zendlu lombutho isithuba amaninzi kubonwa kwi ngaphakathi zethala leencwadi, kwakunye nezikhululo engaphantsi abaninzi.

Yintoni transept?

Transept - kwenye into ephambili sesakhiwo izakhiwo ezifana Basilica. Enyanisweni, lo zendlu efanayo, kuphela umnqamlezo, kwaye longitudinal. Nangona cross-amajukujuku amabandla enkulu kunye transept amaninzi kufuneka ubude efanayo, ngokwemiqathango wokusungula imilo cross egqibeleleyo.

Njengomgaqo, lwesi sakhi zokwakha lingaphezu sakhiwo. Ezo edge-projections ebizwa apse. Le ezidibanayo balo yecawa Iifomu transept sredokrestiem longitudinal. Ngoko, ke, inika isiseko udaka etempileni, nenqaba okanye spire.

zezihlalo umhombiso

Neenafu ebandleni badla ezihonjiswe ekuthiwa-window-roses, ezo erhangqwe kwezihombo sistucco okanye iipateni. Ngokwabo njengoko iglasi window unako zinokuhonjiswa ngeglasi indlela nebala.

Inthanethi zezihlalo kunye nemihlathi nazo badla ezihonjiswe ngamatye imikrolo ezineenkcukacha. Iindonga kungenziwa zincediswe imizobo ezintle. Flamboyant Gothic - oku isimbo izakhiwo, kwezitulo ogama zobuhlalu, imikrolo kunye iipatheni ezi eqhelekileyo uhombiso esisityebi. Le mizekelo iphawulekayo lo lwezakhiwo zezona ndlela Cathedral saseReims, Rouen kunye Chartres Cathedral.

Neenafu-ziintshatsheli of Europe

Le neenafu inde eYurophu ibekwe kumabhunga zilandelayo:

1. Le Cathedral Aarhus, Denmark (ubude balo - 93 meters).
2. Cathedral St Patrick kaThixo e Dublin, Ireland (91 meters).
3. Burzhsky Cathedral, eFransi (91 meters).
4. Basilica St. UPetros, Vatican City (91 meters).
5. Church of St. Albans, United Kingdom (iimitha 84).

Le neenafu uphezulu eYurophu ibekwe amabandla zilandelayo:

1. Cathedral St. uPetros Beauvais, France (ukuphakama zendlu - 48 meters).
2. EzinjengeSt uPetros e Vatican City, Italy (iimitha 46).
3. Cathedral of Milan, Italy (iimitha 45).

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, izakhiwo ebalaseleyo eYurophu uhlobo basilic na Cathedral of St. uPetros eVatican. Kuyinto ibandla lamaKristu likhulu ehlabathini! St. uPetros ngumbindi yamaKatolika. lwesakhiwo lakhe ukuphakama kuyimitha 133 - omnye iisimboli abadumileyo eRoma.

Embindini yecawa - amangcwaba ezininzi eqingqiweyo, ezo imisebenzi ngokwenene vutshila le Renaissance. Kunika umdla ukuba kumgangatho zendlu engundoqo kuboniswe enye icawa uphawu obubalaseleyo ihlabathi, apho wonke umntu ukuthelekisa ubungakanani babo ngokwezicwangciso itempile eVatican.

Basilica St. uPetros - i-bubheke ezintathu. Ngezantsi nguwo crypt, leyo igcina 23 sarcophagus kooyise ukrole St Peter.

neenafu eMoscow

Neenafu ingafunyanwa kwi bokwakha capital Russian. Inkoliso yezi amabandla eMoscow --bubheke ezintathu. Yeyona yesicelo icawa - Arkhangelsk kunye kwingcinga, ibandla ka Boris kunye Gleb, kwaye iBandla yoVuko e Sokolniki.

Enkulu Cathedral - enye amabandla zindala eRashiya, apho yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XIII. Kuye izahluko ezintlanu. Le kwenqanaba yesibini isakhiwo yile beekwayara. Phantsi yecawa kukho necropolis, belele apho iintsalela abathetheli bamandulo ookumkani. Apha kungcwatywa Ivan Kalita, nguDmitry Donskoy, Tsar Ivan abangcangcazelisi kunye nabanye (abangama-56 imingcwabo).

Church yoVuko e Sokolniki yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini indlela 'mihla'. Esi sicwangciso ngokohlobo kwasemnqamlezweni. Isibingelelo eCawa sibhekiswe ngasemzantsi, nto leyo engaqhelekanga Sonto Orthodox. Lomhleli P. A. Tolstyh wasebenzisa ekuyilweni ekwakheni ubuchule ekhethekileyo: emgangathweni icawa itsheke ngasesibingelelweni. Oku kuvumela onke amakholwa ukuba bagcine ngokukhululekileyo i weplasi.

Ekuphetheni

Ngenxa yoko, bubheke - le yenye izinto ezingundoqo kwizakhiwo sonto. Yena ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo, kodwa ngaphezulu - bokwakha etempileni. "Umsunguli" zendlu kwi bokwakha ingqalelo amaGrike amandulo.