Diesel zamalahle Russia. zikaloliwe ezintsha, iifoto kunye nokubalulwa

zothutho ngololiwe - le yenye yezona lula kunye nefikelelekayo ngezithuthi, esetyenziswa izigidi zabantu. Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation ngenxa ikhono le kaloliwe okwenziwa njalo amawaka ngemini neyentengiso zombini abakhweli kunye nemithwalo eyahlukeneyo. inkqubela zeteknoloji zakutshanje ukwandisa iinzame muhle koololiwe, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngempumelelo kunye Velocity zothutho. Ngenxa yoko zikaloliwe Russia kufuneka ingqalelo ngakumbi ngenyameko, ukuze baqonde eziluncedo zabo kunye neempawu zobugcisa.

Background Brief Historical

Iiprojekthi technical yokuqala zikaloliwe kwi izithuba zethu ezivulekileyo wavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. zikaloliwe Diesel Russia ngelo xesha "azalwe" ngo-1905, enkosi injineli kunye Colonel Kuznetsov Odintsov, abo baba ngoovulindlela ekuhlaleni yobugcisa, ubeke phezu bonisa ingxelo kaloliwe yakuma wedwa kunye injini caloric.

Ngowe-1930, banikwe uphuhliso ngezobunjineli, sele iqalile iingcali ukulungiselela-teplovoznikov kwi le Moscow Electromechanical Institute. Ukususela 1950 zikaloliwe umba yaququzelelwa amanye amashishini amakhulu umatshini-sakhiwo.

The main Ukuhlelwa

Russia kunye zikaloliwe zehlabathi umahluko ngokusekelwe iimpawu eziliqela.

Ngoko ke, ngokomsebenzi wabo akukho qheke on:

• Umkhweli.
• Zokushenxisela.
• Freight.
• Universal.
• Industrial.
• Ukwenza iintlobo zomsebenzi.

Kananjalo kwahlule phakathi zikaloliwe kunye buyo bestelezhechnogo uhlobo. Yiba somahluko wala yunithi kunye nenani amacandelo apho inokuba lilungu elinye, okanye eziliqela.

Umgaqo intsebenziswano izinto ezisisiseko design

Diesel zikaloliwe Russia (enyanisweni, njengabanye yehlabathi) sisebenza umgaqo esisiseko enjalo. I-diesel injini zezi zixhobo zothutho esiguqula amandla ekhemikhali ezenzeka ngexesha ukutshiswa amafutha zibe amandla mechanical - njengokujikeleza crankshaft, nto leyo ithunyelwe nge ujikeleziso ibambelele luyasuka ngqo sondo ngababini. Ingongoma ephambili kukuba ifuna ulungelelwaniso ecacileyo iimpawu diesel kaloliwe kunye ngqo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iinkqubo kunye ezizodwa zadalwa ukuba zivunyelwe ukusebenza zikaloliwe.

Iiyunithi aphambili kaloliwe zezi: a isakhelo, umzimba, injini diesel, ukudluliselwa, isisu semoto, inkqubo waqhekeza, isixhobo Autocoupling. Phakathi izixhobo abangabancedani kuvela: inkqubo sokupholisa, inkqubo zokuchela moya idizili umlilo, izixhobo zombane.

Iintlobo gear ezisetyenziswa zikaloliwe

Railway Transport of Russia isebenza ngokusekelwe kwezi nkqubo zilandelayo, ezizezi:

• Umbane.
• Kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba.
• Hydromechanical.
• Mechanical.

Ukuba sithethe transmission ngomatshini, kufuneka wabonisa ukuba sasiza ukusebenza ngokwaneleyo phezulu, ubunzima phantsi, lula yesondlo. Noko ke, kukho ukusilela kuyo, kwaye loo nto livela engaphephekiyo ze uphakamisa ngexesha lokutshintsha amagiya.

transmission Electrical inikeza uhlengahlengiso ngakumbi egudileyo ngesantya kaloliwe, kodwa ubunzima enkulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu amacandelo.

Ukudluliselwa ngesantya kakhulu ngokuqinileyo kulawulwa - hydraulic. Kodwa ke inzima kakhulu kwi ukucoceka kulwelo ukusebenza, kunye nomgangatho nokugcinwa wayo, nangona resource imisebenzi yayo amaxesha amaninzi analogu Mehnichesky ngakumbi.

izahlulo Mechanical for zikaloliwe

Nje luya njani kakuhle le kaloliwe kwi emthondweni kuxhomekeke kuyilo kwalo isithuthi-isakhiwo (zomatshini) iindawo, nto leyo iquka: netroli kwiintlobo ivili, iibhokisi asi kunye imithombo (ukuba imi njengesakhelo esingundoqo), umzimba (ibamba zonke izixhobo eseleyo).

Wheel pair zikaloliwe ukuba uqhuba (ukuqhuba) kunye muller (engenanto). izithuthi Rail eRashiya ngoku ikakhulu usebenzisa isikali namavili okuqhuba.

Iziporo Modern Russian

Kule ezikhoyo ngoku kakhulu kwezoqoqosho iqeqesha Iziporo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcwaliseni mali karhulumente kulo. Xa sijonge le nyaniso, kubavelisi esi sixhobo benza konke okusemandleni ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo nokunciphisa iindleko. Ngoko ke, i Bryansk izityalo umatshini-ukwakhiwa ngo-2015 zikaloliwe ezintsha 2TE25KM zadalwa. Le modeli inika ukwanda ubunzima koololiwe abathuthwayo, ukunciphisa intsebenzo yomsebenzi wabo. Iinjineli bakwazi ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa izinga ukusetyenziswa injini diesel. Kulo mzekelo, cabin lomqhubi ngawo onke nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe wentuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko. Oku kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokhuseleko nangenzi enokuthi ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela abaqhubi kaloliwe ekonzakalisweni xa kuthe kwenzeke ngengozi. Kukho kwakhona inkqubo air-moya. Special heater elizimeleyo kumo zezulu ukuba lobushushu elifunekayo, xa kukho imfuneko.

Ukuze kuphuculwe intuthuzelo kwabasebenzi ezi zikaloliwe abatsha zixhotyiswe ngezinto lokungcangcazela-damping ngokwesiseko. Ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa inqanaba ergonomics cab. Onke amacandelo ezinkulu kube lula zingafumaneka yesondlo. Oku unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka kwemitshini le yokugcina kaloliwe ngexesha yesondlo layo olucwangcisiweyo okanye kuhlolwa ngexesha hambo.

Ngelo 2TE25KM ntetho, ezenzeka ngo-Apreli 2015, kuyo intloko Russian Railways Yakunin, umongameli we "Transmashholding" Bokarev, kunye. ngayo. IRhuluneli kummandla Bryansk Bogomaz.

Imveliso zokuhamba kaloliwe

Xa koololiwe jikelele Iziporo ngokuphathelele-80% ye-turnover lilonke kwaye ngaphezu kwama-40% ye ukuthutha abakhweli, zombini ipoma kunye unxibelelwano.

Ezi ukusebenza eliphezulu exhaswa yi eziluncedo zothutho zoololiwe, ezo zezi zilandelayo:

• kukugcina High.
• Ukusebenza emikhulu phezu imigama emide.
• Ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko.
• iindleko kakhulu aphantsi okuzo.
• Ubuncinane iziphumo ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo kunye emoyeni.

uphuhliso lorhwebo

zobunjineli Russian Modern ebusweni bemveliso phambili kunokuba ngokukhutheleyo ekuphuhliseni iimarike ezintsha, ukuthumela imveliso yayo kumazwe amaninzi ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele. Kulo mzekelo, iimpawu zobugcisa iimveliso ezintsha akukho ndlela ngaphantsi noogxa babo amazwe. Qwalasela ngokweenkcukacha imodeli entsha idizili kweli nqaku kuba efotweni. Diesel zikaloliwe Russia, eveliswe 'Transmashholding "-okhankanywe ngasentla, ngoku inxaxheba iphunyezwe kwaye kumazwe Asia afana Uzbekistan. Njengoko iya kuba ngokukodwa zikaloliwe igalelo ngokubamba ukuphunyezwa elikhulu-isikali iinkqubo ezijoliswe maxesha zothutho kaloliwe eli lizwe Central Asia.

UPawulos, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba uphuhliso zothutho ngololiwe ziya ukubanamandla. Oluchazwe-ngentla zalo eziluncedo abonisa ngokucacileyo nengqiqo mali utyalo-mali kuphuhliso nokuphunyezwa xa kusenziwa koololiwe abatsha, ekwaziyo ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe nangayiphi na imozulu kunye neemeko zemozulu.