Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": Isishwankathelo kunye eziphambili nabalinganiswa

In nashtampovat hlabathi kunye nothotho ingabangeli kweenoveli ezingomlinganiswa beqhubeka Wakufika abalinganiswa Classic amabali ngazo: Dumas - "The Musketeers ezintathu", Kwinan Doyle - "Sherlock Holmes", Cooper - "Pathfinder". Isishwankathelo adventure sikhumbula ubomi nganye. Le iidayimani ngenene zoncwadi. Ngapha koko, kunzima kangakanani na umdla ngokulinganayo ukubhala amabali, kwasala isimbo kunye nemixholo, obagcinela umfundi kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele kuthotho lokuqala neenoveli iinkcukacha.

Ngubani owaziyo Chingachgook

Enye kumjikelo emangalisayo yamabali malunga AmaNdiya wabhala Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Pathfinder, okanye kunxweme Ontario" - phambili ubhalo kweenoveli ashicilelwe ngaphambili. Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngo-1940 waphumelela nangoko iintliziyo abafundi abaninzi, ukuba ukuhlangana kwakhona kunye nabalinganiswa zakho ozithandayo. Le lizingela nesibindi Nataniel Bampo kunye nomhlobo wakhe othembekileyo Chingachgook red - amaqhawe yeencwadi ezimbini ezidlulileyo, "Deerslayer" yaye "The Last of the Mohicans."

Siye safumanisa ukuba uTshawe oyintanda, nto leyo ubhala Cooper, Ranger. Abalinganiswa abaphambili yenoveli sesithathu - abaselula ezintle Zanele Dunham, a seaman okhaliphileyo Charles Kep, igama elithi "amanzi Salt", i-Dzhasper Uestern omncinci isigqibo, leyo captivates ekunyaniseni ngqo. Ukongeza, kukho umlinganiswa ezimbini ezintsha Indian: iqhawe besaphula Arrow kunye nomfazi wakhe Rosa lukaJuni.

uhlobo Wonderful - isiseko wempembelelo

Le noveli bunikwa ngo 1759 ngexesha French namaNdiya War ngokungenalusini anegazi elunxwemeni Lake Ontario. Lo yena wahlala alwa Ranger apho; reviews Cooper ngokuphindaphindiweyo weva malunga ubuhle lexi hlamarisaka kwintsimi Indiya. Ingakumbi umbhali entsha, akuba aphoswe izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Yale waza wangena inkonzo kwi Navy, wafumana ukuqeshwa yakhe yokuqala waba kwezi ndawo. Ngoko ke, ebudeni nokudalwa uninzi kweenoveli chibi iye yaba sizoku ngenxa amabali akhe.

Malunga ngoko isixelela Cooper? "Pathfinder", isishwankathelo apho, kubonakala ngathi, ukuba ukudluliselwa kumagama ambalwa, oko ubhetyebhetye kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngo-1759, eli lizwe sigqunywe imfazwe wamagazi. Akukho ubomi nokufa ukulwa amajoni Indian kunye nomkhosi rhoqo French. Ekubeni zokulwa kuthatha becala indawo emahlathini, bahamba kuzo kuyingozi kakhulu. Nokuba iikhilomitha ezimbalwa kungena entliziyweni iintshinyela zehlathi nga buxabise ubomi umhambi onesibindi.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Zeziphi adventures ezichazwe kwinoveli wesithathu, Cooper? "Pathfinder", isishwankathelo apho kufuneka uqale uyixoxe oko elinethoba American Zanele Dunham ufuna ukuya Lake Ontario, apho ke kuloo nqaba uDavide uyise, ityhila ukuntsonkotha ubudlelwane phakathi yaseBritani, isiFrentshi namaNdiya. Kwi-ezinzima neziyingozi Woman uhambo Ngubani ihamba Malume Charles - matiloshe ubudala kwamenza amaNdiya isiqhulo "amanzi eSalt". Kodwa iindlela ehlathini unexplored, ukuze njengee-arhente Zanele neNgcuka omdala ulwandle isibini Indian - Gorha Tuscarora besaphula Boom kunye nomfazi wakhe uRose lukaJuni, ngoko igama ngenxa yobuhle bayo ubulali. Lungisa squad iya kwi uhambo ...

Intlanganiso nge Wort St. kaYohane

Kungekudala, lo umzingeli omncinane ivumba umsi emlilweni. Eyalela Hewana bayayeka besaphula Arrow okubona ngokucophelela kwintshinyela yehlathi. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa lokuqaphela, angaxeli ukuya eziwadini lweengcinga zabo. Baya ubilisa phantsi isibakala sokuba olu hlobo lomlilo na kwanokubuyisela umntu omhlophe kuphela. AmaNdiya ukwenze umgangatho ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ngcono ngokwemigaqo yokugquma yomsi. Emva kokuba ibhunga emfutshane yasemkhosini kwagqitywa ukuba sinyule amadoda ukuba aphande. Noko ke, Zanele iye yamelana isicwangciso, esithi afuna ukuthatha inxaxheba ngqo kwi ihamba. Sasixambulisana elide waza wagqiba ukuhlangabezana ingozi enokwenzeka kunye. Nantso into kusizisa kwintlanganiso yokuqala kunye amaqhawe endala F. Cooper. Ranger ayenziwanga izakufihlwa kwaye hayi efihliweyo - waqiqa ibhengeza phambi kwayo.

Isilumkiso ngekroba ukuya kumthombo umsi, ooPawulos wabona Wahlahla encinane kwababezikhonza indawo ubambeke ukuba amadoda amathathu - amabini ezimhlophe kunye nomntu omnye ebomvu. Ukwenzela ukuphepha ndlongo ngokungeyomfuneko kumhlobo Thumela Thuli. Ngapha koko, akukho ngumKristu olungileyo kuze bamtola umfazi. Kakade ke, madoda ndicinge ukuba uthathe iintonga zabo. Indian exakayo wakhangela kwi Zanele kunye ngokuzolileyo wabuyela isidlo sakhe.

Towards le ntombazana kumi indoda malunga mane, leyo xa uqala ntombazana. Nangona ngamaphupha yena akubonakalisi egorheni ogqibeleleyo, le ndoda charisma enjalo kwamandla kunye nokuvuleleka, ngoko umntu onyanisekileyo nobubele ukuba ngokukhawuleza iphumelele intembeko Thuli. Yena ngoko nangoko Waqinisekisa intombazana nikholosile ngokupheleleyo ngeenjongo zabo wazazisa - Wort St. kaYohane (kunjalo, nangona, waza wabiza trilogy yakhe Fenimor Kuper "Ranger ...").

Ngesicelo kayise

Ukubona ukumangala umntu oselula, Deerslayer wachaza ukuba wanikwa amaNdiya lesiteketiso kubuchule babo ukuba azazi iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo wendalo. Kodwa Zanele wamangaliswa kwaphela igama engaqhelekanga lo mntu. Wakhumbula incwadi kayise, eyase nje ngaphambi kokuya. It phoyisa onamava okhankanywe wayengumntu isiteketiso, leyo xa isicelo sakhe, kwafuneka ukuba ahambe amahlathi sentombazana yingozi. Kwaye kule ntlanganiso sele uthathe indawo.

Wort St. kaYohane, elingumthombo, wazisa abahlobo bakhe, baba Indian abaziintloko Chingachgook ngelika Inyoka Great kunye matiloshe onesiphiwo Dzhasper Uestern. A iqembu encinane Zanele ngcono kakhulu izilwi ezintathu abanamava, wahamba indlela yakhe.

indlela eyingozi

Kakhulu ezichazwe picturesquely oko Adventure Cooper. "Pathfinder", indawo ukubalisa emfutshane eziyifaneleyo zibe isivakalisi esinye, zizele zonke iintlobo izimanga. Hayi kanye, hayi kabini Zanele kunye noogxa bakhe esichengeni ubomi babo. Bawela umlambo yingozi, iintshinyela zehlathi umbulo, uphambuke ezintethweni kwisabatha wengcibi ebekwe yi-zamaNdiya. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ubuso ngobuso kunye nenkani Indian isizwe American - i amaNdiya.

Kodwa kusoloko awayihlangula, kakade, ndiyeza Nataniel Bampo. Leyo yindlela ehlabathini ngokuba Wort St. uYohane. Ngenxa isibindi sakhe nokuzimisela, ulwazi yendawo engqongileyo kunye nabahlobo Zanele bebengakwazi ukuya IsiNgesi Fort kwi Lake Ontario.

YamaRoma - zibonakalisa ubunyani

Noko ke, ekufikeni kwi enqabeni yomkhosi, abahambi bethu bangene ooyeha ezingakumbi. Njengazo zonke ufakelo ezikude yomkhosi musa adibane rhoqo nehlabathi ngaphandle, kwainqaba, okanye kwiingxwabangxwaba kunoko, kukhoyo ikampu yawo obala nokusilela ukubonakala uqeqesho. Alimazanga F. Cooper: "Pathfinder" ubalisa ibali efumaneka yi akukho kuthetha kunqabile, kwaye evela yokunqongophala kwabaqeshwa.

It is a tangle enjalo eziyolweni, yamkholisa Zanele kunye namaqabane ayo. Ngokoqobo ukusuka kwiiyure yokuqala sokuhlala kwakho apho ke kuloo nqaba Zanele kwecala umphathi okusolwayo umphathi wakhe ukuvukela Western, emtyhola of ukuhlola. Old elinye Dunham ekuqaleni zibuthandabuze ukuchana kwamazwi umphathi wakhe, Noko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe itshintsha izimvo, ukukhathalela i seaman ngokunyaniseka kunye nazo.

Ukongeza, ukuba ugula ngengqondo kunye ingcamango ukuba amnike intombi kuphela lokutshata Natty Bumppo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, lo mntu uya kuba nako ukwenza kulonwabo Thuli. Ngelo thuba ke akukho mbono malunga nezicwangciso kayise. Phoyisa uphefumlela ngamandla Deerslayer wayecinga ukuba Zanele uyazondla ezinye iimvakalelo ngasese kunye nyulu kuye. esabela St John kaThixo zangasemva ekuqaleni sokuthandabuza ukuba mazwi nomhlobo endala. Ubomi bakhe kuye ezimbalwa femme fatales, emva kokudibana nabo Bumpo wamnika ngokwam isibhambathiso akusekho uvumele intliziyo yakhe ukuyithanda.

Abanakekeli kunye nabafazi

ubudlelwane elukhuni nabafazi Hypericum ochazwe iinoveli yokuqala ye Cooper. Ranger, isishwankathelo amabali uthando ukuba lupasiswe igama elithi "unelishwa", ukhetha ukuhlala simahla kwaye ubotshelelwe emtshatweni. Xa amabali lwangaphambili sithetha malunga uncamathiselo kuyo Dzhudit Harter - Incopho intombi uTom kaThixo; kunye Alice Monroe oselula, naye waba imprudence ukuba neemvakalelo asha ukuya intsimbi Deerslayer. Ke Nathaniel wema. Ngethamsanqa ndikhetha abafazi life ezamahala kwindalo kunye nabahlobo abathembekileyo.

Kodwa ingaba ifuthe Dunhema kwakukubi kakhulu, okanye nje udiniwe lilolo, eSt uYohane, ekugqibeleni, owayo uthandana Thuli. Isibindi nezinobunzima yayo enhle, wacinga amathuba inikeza lady aselula iimvakalelo zakho yaye unika isandla kunye intliziyo yakhe. Lwemibandela Zanele kwayigqibezela ukuzigwagwisa ezingamashumi amane umzingeli. Ngqo wamitha ibali uthando Dzheyms Kuper. Ranger waba kakhulu wothuka xa Zanele uthando ukuba nobuhlobo ngokunyanisekileyo.

ke French masingalali

Ngelo xesha, le nqaba aqalise ukwenza izinto ezimbi. Imbetha Arrow, i-Indian lowo wahamba Zanele kuyise wayo, wawuguqula hlola endala French. Injongo yakhe ukungena waya kummandla ezinqabeni kunye nengxelo ulandelelo lwengxelo olumalunga kwinani namandla ekampini alo kubanini bazo.

Kwelinye icala, oku kuboniswa wasusa urhano kunye ukapteni Western. Kodwa kwelinye icala - abemi inqaba waqonda ukuba utshaba a nokulala ukulungele sokuhlaselwa. Kungekudala le nqaba ithe kuhlaselwa enamandla ye French imikhosi encedisayo, apho aqale Bulelani nesibindi Wort St. bakaYohane neesathelayithi yayo.

Isithembiso esenziwa uyise

Ngelishwa, ukulwa yaba sokugqibela Sgt Dunhema ubudala, ngxwelerha. Ukusweleka ezandleni intombi yakhe, yena uthatha isithembiso sakhe - ukutshata Natty Bumppo kuphela. Lusizi Zanele izithembiso ukwenza iminqweno yokugqibela iqhawe endala. Wort St. nguYohane ngovuyo ofumana imvume intombazana, ukuba abe ngumkakhe. Ngokuthe ngcembe kuba uyazi ukuba Zanele ukwenza nto ngaphakathi. Ukufunda malunga isifungo, iNathaniel lwenza wentombazana kuye. Ngapha koko, yena umzingeli simahla, yaye zonke abonakalisa lobukhoboka Okwala kuye.

Ukongeza, i-Ranger Babeyibonile ibukeka nokutshintshanisa iincwadi phakathi kumthetheli kunye Western Thuli oselula. ekugqibeleni Oku kwandiqinisekisa umzingeli kwi ukuchaneka wesenzo. Sele yena otshatele umthetheli, Zanele lusizi wobulali. Ibona ukuba Wort St. John ubemthanda ngenyaniso, kodwa ngenxa ezibonisa bakhe babengasekho zama ukudibana naye.