Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, "Mazeppa": Isishwankathelo

Byron umbongo "Mazepa" - sisincoko entsonkothileyo kwimibongo, nto leyo equka mabini izahluko ezimfutshane. Imbongi IsiNgesi wadala banentsomi ngumdlali Ukrainian ye uVoltaire iinkcukacha zale malunga uKarl XII. umbhali French, mhlawumbi, wayeqhelene kwebali Mazepa a lunezinto, mhlawumbi uluvo lwakhe ngalo loo mntu esekelwe amarhe namabali. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba wayemthanda edume lo mfanekiso kunye J. Byron. Mazepa - yinto nani enezigaba, nto leyo engazange ukuphatha ukuphumeza isicwangciso sayo.

ulwazi zembali

Ayaziwa Cossack Ataman Hetman Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa (1640-1709) waduma ngenxa yomzabalazo wakhe geqe ilizwe labo kunye ofisi yayo kunye eRashiya bevela ePoland. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, hetman elizayo bangena umfela i Swedish ukumkani Karl XII, nto leyo eye ixesha elide bunokubonwa Russian uBukhosi yotshaba. Xa Battle of Poltava ngo-1709 imikhosi Russian woyisa ukumkani Swedish, kwaye uCharles Mazepa kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke. UKarl waya emantla Europe, kwaye Mazepa eyayibulindile eTurkey, apho wabona akhe sizana kunokwenzeka.

umatshini hero

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eli nani zembali nomdla Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. Mazepa nguye kakuhle eli Byron neentshisekelo eneenkani umzekelo ukukhonza kwilizwe labo. Ngononophelo ukufunda "Imbali ka Charles XII», ebhalwe uVoltaire, yothando IsiNgesi ukufunda konke oko ke wayesazeka umbhali French semi-edume uphawu zembali. "Imbali" ithandwa kakhulu eYurophu, lo msebenzi yaguqulelwa iilwimi zasemzini, wakrota iintlelo elinesine ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Kwicandelo yesihlanu, ibhekisela kwiziganeko imfazwe Swedish-Russian, uVoltaire iqaphele zezembali yezenzo le hetman xa eUkraine kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kwaye kananjalo wakhankanya ibali uthando kwenzeka njengenkosana kwiminyaka omncinane. Kuyinto le amanqaku kuyalelwa ukuba ukudala umbongo yimbongi IsiNgesi, ebonisa iziganeko ezikude kwimbali yaseYurophu, nto leyo wayesele ziqwalaselwe kakuhle ulibele elidlulileyo.

background upelo

imbongi IsiNgesi kunye intshisakalo wabhala umbongo wakhe eItali, ngo-1818 okanye ngo-1819. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ibali ngokwesini uthando Mazepa kwenye indoda umfazi - a reinterpretation uthando drama yakhe, nto leyo nayo Byron. Mazepa Wavutha inkanuko olungekho mthethweni ukuba umfazi wommelwane wakhe - Teresa, kunye IsiNgesi umbhali wamthanda kunye nomfazi Count Guiccioli, ogama igama elifanayo.

Kanye hero walo mbongo, Byron kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye intanda yakhe, engazi nto ngekamva layo. ezakwehlela Okubuhlungu ezipheleleyo wawa kakuhle yaba ingxenye proivzedeniya zoncwadi.

Into eyenzeka kweli bali: "Mazeppa," Byron

Umbhali waphuka umbongo wakhe phezu cupolas ezincinane, ngasinye apho - inxalenye elahlukileyo ibali liphela. Ekuqaleni kulo mbongo Kuthiwa oyiswa, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba amajoni Russian i balwa ngexesha Idabi Poltava. A wona encinane kokurhoxa Swedish ukuphuma kwabandisukelayo bakhe, yaye eyeka phakathi yehlathi. Umbhali uchaza indlela Mazepa ngothando ubhekisela ihashe bakhe abathembekileyo, icocekile ngokupheleleyo indlela yokubopha liyavuya utya yakhe ayithandayo. Ukuzama ukuba ukuphazamisa ukumkani evela ukucinga soyiswa, Mazeppa utshela omunye amabali yobomi bakhe ezinxulumene ihashe. Isibakala ukuba iphepha entendelezweni i-Polish uKumkani John Casimir, ukuba Ivan Mazepa lalicinga abafazi entle ngenkangeleko yaye abaninzi baye bayeka uluvo lwakhe kuyo. Kodwa ke intliziyo hero wathimba ubuhle oselula Teresa, ngubani waye umfazi ngokusemthethwen sasePoland. Ivan Young owalwa efuna iintlanganiso ngokobuhle sokungahlaseleki, yaye ekugqibeleni, wakwazi ningawuphembi umlilo uthando intliziyo lady yakhe. Emva kokufunda ukukrexeza ngumfazi wakhe, umyeni ngumsindo wayalela uIvan uyibophelele ngasemva ehasheni lasendle , agunyazise ukuya emasimini. Umgubo ocoliweyo, leyo abanamava rider, amagama ambalwa ngqo achaza Byron. Nxi kombongo shwa Teresa akuthethi nto ngaphezulu. Ayaziwa ukuba Mazepa yena wayekwazi oko elinde intanda yakhe kwixesha elizayo ...

Mazepa egcinwe iqashiso elingasemva ixesha ihashe. Unzima kakhulu Isohlwayo Ivan oselula, kodwa Count Polish wayefuna lyubvnik nomkakhe baba eninzi yokukhathazeka phambi Smer. umzimba Ivan kaThixo excised amatyholo asendle, isikhumba olulophu ilanga, iqina imvula. Ukhonye ejikeleza ngaphezu kwakhe, yaye kweengcuka ezibe umzila lihashe lakhe. Emva ezimbalwa kweentsuku bedla ezibaleka ihashe abahlelelekileyo bawa kunye Ivan ezihambelana phantsi kwesidumbu ihashe. wayesele Ubhabhayisile ebomini xa wabona Cossacks kunye asindiswe ekufeni othile, njengoko kuchaziwe yi Byron. Mazepa izibandakanya ezintlwini Cossacks, kwaye elindele ukuba ishwangusha eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ophambili we indaba igcina, kwaye zigugile nokumkani wayelele ngaphandle ukuva amazwi akhe.

Ngumfanekiso Ivan Mazepa

Abalinganiswa ye ophambili asiyongxaki. A imigca embalwa nempumelelo eboniswe Hetman uphawu ekuqaleni nasekugqibeleni umsebenzi. Mazepa uboniswa onesibindi ngumntu onamandla, gqolo kunye iyoba namandla - ukuba kuyafana abo baphambili ezinye imibongo ezabhalwa Dzhordzh Bayron. Mazepa uhlala enyanisekile iimfuneko zawo onke amanqanaba wobomi babo, nokuba indoda eyomeleleyo kwincopho yobomi, ediniwe kunye nendoda ndililolo endala angamashumi asixhenxe. Lo mbongo ubonisa utshintsho elungileyo isimilo Ivan Mazepa ebudeni yonke le minyaka. Ixesha ukuba kutshintshwe hero - uba sisilumko, esithatha uhlala enyanisekile iinjongo zakhe.

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Mazeppa Byron - ingakumbi labavukeli obeka iinjongo zabo kwaye uzama ngandlela zonke ukuphumeza kuzo. Kuba abathile, umfanekiso Ivan Mazepa - luphawu intshembenxa kunye umngcatshi, yaye othile - iqhawe. J .. Byron inika self-ukuvavanya uhlobo kunye nezenzo Mazepa, ukubekela ilungelo lokuba bazobe umfundi amathuba Ukrainian zokuphila legend. Nge prototype yokwenene yembali umlinganiswa yoncwadi unalo ukufana abahlukene. iimpawu yobuqhawe Mazepa zokwenyani bumbongorha kugxininiswe. Mhlawumbi umbhali wasondela ukuzingisa ukuphumeza injongo yayo, waphuma waya Hetman Mazepa. Byron ikwazile ukubonakalisa weqonga amathemba utshabalale, ukuchaza umntu othi kwidabi omnye walahlekelwa yonke yakhe.

Olube kulo mbongo "Mazepa"

Uphindaphindo elithi "zasendle 'umdla. ukuba i "zasendle" kwabonakala kubahlali Albion emathafeni olungathethekiyo Ukrainian. Ngoko akukho ngozi, waphinda ilizwi ngapha nangapha kwakhona. Ngokuba kuye, Ukraine - yinto "ilizwe zasendle" apho "emaqeleni zasendle", "ihlathi zasendle". A imigca embalwa imveliso abhaliswe kwi "zasendle" ihashe Mazeppa, abathwala ngokusebenzisa ehlathini olunameva ehlathini Ukraine - ke umfanekiso eziyolweni okuqinileyo, abo bathi wathimba intliziyo hetman elizayo, kunye nemiphumela ukhetho esibulalayo, kunye uphawu yokuthanda obungenakuzanyazanyiswa. flow Uxhaphazelayo kwamanzi, amaza ngamandla kunye nomoya ngesiquphe zigxininisa yempembelelo ezinamandla kunye neminqweno owatshabalalisa Ingekalili hero - uphawu yokufa emlindeleyo yonke indawo, yaye kubanda ngokuhlwa, inkungu Wraith - umfanekiso echaza imikhosi yangaphandle ezibonelela Mazepa ilungelo ukuhlola elizayo imiqobo yobomi bakhe.

izichazi Strong ukudala iimvakalelo, umfanekiso kakhulu Ukraine, yona simahla ilizwe, ongaphuhliswanga. Ngokucacileyo ukuthi ngasese yena ubachasile intsimi manicured IsiNgesi nobomi nangobude bakhaya "zasendle 'entlango, apho inyathelo lisaqhuba iziganeko.

image nxi

An cu engabonakaliyo onke amaqhawe edabini haunted yi ilishwa. Isiphelo bamphikisa umkhosi Swedish edabini etshabalalisayo kwi Poltava, ukususela uKumkani uCharles XII, dooming ukuba siphumele angoyiswa. Nxi weza Ivan oselula ezintle Teresa, owasinika eli hetman uthando elizayo. Kodwa isiphelo sinye, waza wabahlula - emva bonke, uIvan akazange ukufumana ukuba kwenzeke ntoni intanda yakhe emva ngokwahlukana. Nxi benibasindisile kuye, ekhokelela Ukraine wayivusa ngaphezu kwamanye Cossacks, kodwa eqatha onke amathemba akhe nokulindelekileyo, eshiya iminyaka nokwehla ka ndililolo bakhe, walahlwa bonke liqhawe.

Umfanekiso wehashe

Xa iincwadi zothando ihashe kwenkulungwane ye-19 ekuqaleni - uphawu lwe isiphelo kunye luck. Mhlawumbi loo nto kucacile ukuba kutheni na uKumkani yaseSweden baphulukana amahashe abo - amathamsanqa ubuyile kuye bumbongorha igxininisa le Byron. Mazeppa, phezu koko, egcina ihashe lakhe njengomfuziselo yokuba iliwa - ngecala, kunye luck bakhe abazange ukuyishiya, nangona weqonga le meko. Mazeppa mkhweli imele ufuzisela nesibindi kunye nelungelo ukulawula ikamva labo. Kwaye kuphela ekupheleni kwebali, eyabhalwa ngu Dzhordzh Bayron, Mazepa uhlala ngaphandle akugqibele nangaphandle amahashe - ngaloo kwangoko igxininisa ubulolo kunye lithemba ophambili, nto leyo ichazwe ngokupheleleyo Byron.

"Mazeppa": Plan

Ceba mveliso yonke angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ekubulaleni yomkhosi Swedish.
2. Ivan Mazepa phakathi luqikelelo uKarl XII.
3. Incoko iNkosi umlinganiswa ophambili.
4. Ibali Mazepa malunga kwasebuncinaneni bakhe;

• ubomi kwinkundla uKumkani Poland;
• uthando umfazi wenye indoda;
• isohlwayo uthando ngokungekho mthethweni;
• uhambo kabuhlungu ngasemva ihashe zasendle;
• ukufa wehashe nosindiso kwabo.

ukushwankathela

Sinokuthi yonke kumbongo, umbhali ogama ngokwendalo waba Byron yabhalwa kweli bali kancinane. "Mazeppa" - a hero ukuba boyise imiqobo kunye ekugqibeleni soyise imbeko nozuko kwilizwe lasemzini. I IsiNgesi imbongi, impazamo encinane, enika Mazepa imvelaphi Polish kunye negama amanene. Kodwa kule impazamo teka romance yayo. Kumazwe angaphandle ekuthinjweni unokuloyisa amandla, uzuko, nembeko, kwaye nokuba abe ngumlawuli kumazwe amaninzi. In umfanekiso umlinganiswa ophambili, ngathi nethontsi lamanzi, wabonisa neemfuno Byron - emveni zonke, waba Italian Carbonaro, ngubani ilwelwe ilizwe labo ephuma French bahlaseli, yaye kamva wazama ukuya ePeru ngaxhatha linye ne edume Bolívar ukulwela inkululeko yeli lizwe.

Umfanekiso hero walo mbongo waphefumlela Vernier omkhulu, ngubani wapeyinta umfanekiso imveliso Byron. Kukho ubungqina yimveliso eziliqela kumabala emidlalo kwambatha kulo mbongo, kwaye ngexesha lethu, waye wenza elimangalisayo umboniso.

ilejendi bamandulo laba isiseko incwadi cover ogama kubhaliweyo. J. Byron. "Mazeppa." Okubhaliweyo kule mveliso kulula ukufunda ukhumbule. Siyathemba ukuba le Ucalulo olufutshane imisebenzi Byron, kuya kusinceda siqonde uhlobo kunye nobume bendawo hero Ukrainian.