ECrimea njengenxalenye ye Russia. Ukubuya eCrimea ku Russia

Abahlali usingasiqithi iCrimea ngoMatshi 2014 phantse ngamxhelo wavota-zimvo yokubuyiswa eCrimea eRashiya. izigqibo Lightning esithathwe ngurhulumente Duma of Russia kunye uMongameli ziye zakhokelela abahlalutyi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le projekthi operation ezizodwa sele ezilungiselelwe ixesha elide, kunye nabadlali ziyayazi imisebenzi yabo ngokugqibeleleyo. Nantoni na, kodwa eCrimea njengenxalenye Russia, kwaye ngoku bonke zokulindela iziphumo zesi siganeko nanto.

komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye ukuthanda abantu eCrimea

Xa umthetho wesimanje international fixed magama ezimbini ezingquzulanayo: isidima karhulumente kunye nelungelo iintlanga self-determination. Kuba "monogosudarstv" (oko kukuthi, abo masimu umiwe luhlanga olunye kuphela), bonke elula ecacileyo. Kodwa xa kufikwa kwiimo multi-yobuhlanga, imithetho ziyaphikisana omnye komnye. Kwaye kule meko, njengokuba usazi, wonke umntu ukhululekile ukutolika endala ngendlela yabo. Ngoko ke, xa eCrimea yaba yingxenye Russia, uluntu ehlabathini liyakhathaza baqala ukuthetha malunga nokudliwa imimandla.

izazinzulu Political bathi "ngembali iCrimea" yahlukile kancinane iziganeko saseKosovo ngo-2008. NATO iiyunithi zomkhosi wangena Kosovo ukwenzela ukuthintela namaSerb kuthintela zimvo. Naziphi izohlwayo ebekwa yi-UN ukuba ukunyanzelisa babengekho amajoni. wenza Malunga ke eRashiya, xa ipalamente iCrimea uthumele isicelo kuRhulumente Duma ye-Russian Federation. Umahluko kuphela kukuba akukho mfuneko ukungena nantoni na: a elinokuvela eentloko ezaxhobela Russian yayigcinwe eCrimea for leminyaka ngaphezu kwesinye.

Crimeans - uhlanga okanye 'ikhwelo intliziyo "

Noko ke, ukuthetha malunga self-determination weentlanga akunakwenzeka; kukho uhlobo 'uhlanga iCrimea. " Ngokutsho kobalo lwabemi kwe 60% in Russian iCrimea, 25% ne-10% Ukrainian Tatar. Eneneni, njengoko kuzo zonke Ukraine akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthi ukuba le nto okanye loo ntsimi emiwe Ukraine ngokobuzwe okanye ngokohlanga Russian. Akuphelelanga apho, abantu ngokwabo ziyafana kakhulu, ngoko kwaba kanye yonke iminyaka kanti lokuzalwa mixed.

Mhlawumbi ilungile kakhulu ukuba bathi krymchanin - its not Russian, Ukrainian okanye Tatar, baza indoda kwemiqathango eyothusayo kodwa mngeni. Uhlobo imozulu lizwe ibangele nobuntu kunye noxolo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ulwandle kakhulu ngqwabalala kunye nezintsonkothileyo yendawo indawo umsindo ngokuthanda isibindi, ukuzimisela kunye nekratshi.

Umwana eCrimea eRashiya eziphikisanayo kwaye impikiswano kuba, njengoko kusenziwa ngamazwe, ukwabiwa inxalenye karhulumente njengeziko kwezoqoqosho ozimeleyo kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ukungena kwelinye ilizwe - hayi. Ngoko ngexesha elililo sasifika Abkhazia kunye Ossetia, Transnistria kunye eKosovo efanayo. Crimeans kucaciswe ukuba bajoyine i-Russian Federation.

History of Crimea

Usingasiqithi waba iRussia ngenkulungwane XVIII, xa urhulumente ukuba izithakazelo zabo kuLwandle Black ndize iqela lemfazwe waqinisa amalungelo abo kulo mmandla.

Ngomthetho ka uKumkanikazi uCatherine II of eCrimea njengenxalenye eRussia kubalwe kwenye "abadlali": i AmaTatar kunye namalungelo afanayo nalawo abanye abantu (inkululeko yenkolo, ulwimi, inkcubeko, njl njl). Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente ayizange iguquke kwaye ifowuni. Kodwa emva kokuba ukhuseleko Sevastopol ngexesha iCrimea beMfazwe, phantsi imbali njengoko wokhuselo yokuqala abeye, abemi kunye abavikeli umzi waqala ukubonakala okunayo Russian.

Nangona kunjalo, phambi izithuthi Sea Black kuyathintelwa kakhulu amazwe aseYurophu, ngubani ilwelwe amalungelo abo weBalkan Peninsula kunye Asia. Xa iCrimea War of 1853-56. Russia wahlulwa kunye engama-20 ezayo banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye usingasiqithi, akuba ewubhangisile, esenyameni Black Sea Fleet. Kodwa, ngokunjalo, elalisandul 'ukusekwa isixeko eCrimea njengenxalenye Russia wahlala. Sevastopol kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala zaye ingqalelo ummandla Russian kwi iCrimea khan.

Izimele Republic of eCrimea

ESoviet Union, usingasiqithi uye wafumana iwonga elitsha Ukuzilawula Republic of eCrimea. Russia evela kurhulumente impiriyali similise umanyano apho abameli uhlanga ngalunye owazabalazela ukubiza ngokwayo republic. Kodwa asingabo bonke iindawo wafumana iwonga ezinjalo. izizwe ezininzi ezincinane nobuzwe ekugqibeleni yajika ukuba ube yinxalenye yale RSFSR.

ECrimea njengenxenye Russia ekuqaleni ngokuba Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic. ICrimea Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic ngaphakathi RSFSR wabonakala ngoFebruwari 1921. Ngelo xesha, kwasekwa kunye nezinye nakwiiriphabliki lalisakuba yiSoviet, asiyiyo inxalenye Russia.

Kakade ke, emva kokuba revolution, abemi kuye kwabakho ukothuka ngaphezu kwesinye: nokungabikho kwamanzi acocekileyo, isilimo 1920, ukhatshwa surplus (kwimbali mihla eyaziwa ngokuba Holodomor), eli ligatya iingcamango iCrimea AmaTatar yamaBolshevik, njl

Ngexesha Second World War, abemi iCrimea wawunyamezela umsebenzi. A wokhuselo yesibini Sevastopol waba olubuhlungu lokuqala, kodwa ukuze akhusele usingasiqithi kwakhona ayiphumelelanga.

Ukugxothwa iCrimea nangezinto

Kule minyaka 1942-1944 eCrimea ekwakusetyenzwa ngamaNazi, owathi, esebenzisa indlela lusekiwe, ukuseka ngezigaba oluncedisayo yokohlwaya ukusuka abantu balapha, ikakhulu nangezinto. Ukusebenzisa ze anti-eSoviet, amaNazi umkhankaso "malcontents abaphikisana 'ukuba zijoyine le yokuzikhusela kunye ekulweni kuzinze.

Kuyinto la maqela yokuzikhusela "wabanceda" isigqibo ukugxothwa ngabantu bonke ukusuka kummandla losingasiqithi iCrimea. Russia inkulu, kwaye urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukuba kuthuthwe Tartars kwelo lizwe. Imbali yanamhlanje ithi "sisohlwayo uMbuso," kodwa kukho uguqulelo ngokwendlela apho amaJamani ngexesha kokurhoxa kwi ezinabantu bayishiya womnatha yonke arhente. Ukuze ukuphazamisa izicwangciso ngamaNazi, kwaye ugqiba ukuba kunigxothela AmaTatar ukusuka eCrimea, eFinland, imiqobo kunye amaJamani ukusuka kwiindawo umda, njl

I post-imfazwe okumiselwe iCrimea

Imephu eCrimea njengenxalenye Russia watshintsha emva Second World War: ukuzimela yaphela (kwindawo apho), uninzi zokuhlala zaye igama, yaye abemi Ukraine Russian bezele zizinto phakathi kwabemi kwiidolophana zitshatyalaliswe yaye zitshiswe. Ngokutsho manani, ngo-1946 kunyaka wethoba kwakukho malunga 600 amawaka abantu eCrimea. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, eli nani lisondele ku 1.1 yezigidi. Thetha malunga nokuqulunqwa yobuhlanga abemi musa ukuba. Ukuba ngaphambi kwemfazwe, Ukraine Russian kwabalelwa phantse ama-70% abemi beli lizwe, kwixesha kwemfazwe, eli nani kufutshane 90%.

Republic of eCrimea njengenxalenye Russia waze 1954, unyaka. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, ukuba kuphawula isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka begazi ka Ukraine neRashiya ukuzimela watshintshelwa ngaphantsi yolawulo Ukrainian SSR. Ngubani na ukuthi Khrushchev wamnika eCrimea.

Sevastopol - base yomkhosi

Ke Sevastopol, ngowe-1948 wafumana iwonga isixeko evaliweyo wamajoni ngaphantsi republic. Kwaye 1961, kwaye wahlala njalo. Noko ke, kukutshintsha imfundiso zomkhosi akazange acinge ukubaluleka zesicwangciso-Black Sea Fleet. City livulekile, kwaye ubume isiseko zomkhosi idubule. Emva zokwamkelwa siseko elihlaziyiweyo le Ukrainian SSR ngo-1978 wabuyela Sevastopol "kwisigxina esikhethekileyo": ngaphantsi kwayo republic ubhale inqaku eyahlukileyo.

Kodwa hayi loo nto ibalulekileyo na. Abantu abaninzi kakhulu afundileyo yaye benamandla umoya wothand'uhlanga Russian. Ngapha koko, lo mzi waba amahla ndinyuka Black Sea Fleet, waba ligwiba oomatiloshe Russian soze yatshintsha "uhlanga" yayo kunye ukutshintsha amandla eCrimea lizwe. Njengoko yingxenye Russia 2014. Sevastopol kwendawo eqhiwukileyo kwakhona kunikwa, isixeko kubaluleke federal, umxholo we-Russian Federation.

Ukumba kumaxwebhu kwaye ifundwe ngenyameko, abanye ababhali-mbali neenzululwazi ezopolitiko aye wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba, ngokusesikweni, Sevastopol yaye akazange aphume phantsi kolawulo Russia. Into yokuba ngelo xesha "utshintshelo" izixeko Ukrainian ka eCrimea imisebenzi yezolawulo ukubheka hayi iCrimea Ukuzilawula Republic, kwaye Russian Federation (ngokwegunya iwonga babangenagama zomkhosi).

Ukuwa eSoviet Union kunye nokubuyiswa ukuzimela iCrimea

Kule 90 yokuqala, xa kwintlanganiso e Belarus, kwagqitywa ukuyisonga waseUSSR, umbuzo ke yolawulo lwengingqi lizwe wavuswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Eyona mpumelelo inkulu kukuba ukubamba-zimvo eCrimea ngo-1990, nto leyo ekhokelele ukuzimela wabuyiselwa. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iBhunga Ephakamileyo yasekuhlaleni lamkela umgaqo-siseko wayo uqambe iCrimea Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic kwiRiphabliki eCrimea. Nangona kunjalo, i-Ukrainian Ephakamileyo Council of igama ayizange ivume.

IPalamente Russian liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo waphakamisa imbambano semthethweni ukutshintshwa eCrimea ukuya Ukraine kunye nemfuneko ukuba ziziswe umva Russian Federation. Noko ke, ngo-1990, izivumelwano zatyikitywa ngomhla yokungabikho amabango indawo yawo phakathi kwamazwe ico.

Ukrainian nengxaki yezopolitiko ngo-2014

Kuqalile 2013, luqhankqalazo ezithandwayo e Ukraine zabangelwa ukunqunyanyiswa lolawulo uMongameli Yanukovych Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu eli lizwe. Uqhankqalazo mass esinoxolo labemi yakhulela izenzo esebenzayo ndlongo nxamnye ulawulo lezopolitiko elikhoyo.

Zonke iziganeko ezilandelayo kwenzeka ngokoqobo ngesantya esiphezulu: emva kokususwa kweBhunga Ephakamileyo iCrimea Ukuzilawula Republic uMongameli Yanukovych uye ayaziwa ukutshintsha kwamandla e Kiev, imikhosi pro-Russian iCrimea nangakumbi, kwaye kunye nenkxaso ka-Russia akwazi ukubamba ngodaba ukubuya losingasiqithi ye-Russian Federation.

nokhetho

Ukuze ukubeka nje, amagama umbuzo kuphela ingeniswa ukuze kuxoxwe, waba: "Ngaba ubona eCrimea njengenxalenye Russia?"

izigqibo ngokungxama kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo elinye umhla refenduma zazibizwa izenzo akhutheleyo abasemagunyeni abatsha Kiev. Ekuqaleni ezicwangciselwe ekuqaleni ngoMeyi, ezi zimvo "Ekubuyeni kwakhe eRashiya" yabanjwa ngoMatshi 16. Ngokutsho iziphumo zayo, iBhunga ePhakamileyo eCrimea lithathe isigqibo malunga kokuzimela njengombuso ozimeleyo - the Republic of eCrimea.

Inkqubo ngokujoyina losingasiqithi

Ebacacisele ukuzimela kwawo, urhulumente iCrimea uye wacela i-Russian Federation kunye isindululo sokuba Republic of eCrimea kunye nesixeko Sevastopol kwi namaLungelo Federation. isigqibo eMoscow bakaThixo elide ukuza. Ingakumbi ukuba isibhengezo kulongamo lula sikhokelo esisemthethweni Ukuvuma ngokwemimandla ye-Russian Federation. Inyaniso yokuba, ngokomthetho Russian, urhulumente ingqalelo izindululo ukulawula le Russian Federation kuphela iiyunithi yolawulo ezimeleyo.

Thetha loo nto, kwaye uMongameli Russia kunye kaRhulumente Koti kunye Federation Council of Russia "ngaphandle okucinga" wathabatha eCrimea isindululo ayikho imfuneko. Republic of eCrimea kunye nesixeko Sevastopol: Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zonke okusemthethweni, kunye Russian Federation uncediswa abadlali ababini abaye bahlaliswa.

Kakade ke, inkqubo uhlanganiso untsokothile kwaye elide, ingakumbi kwimeko "lingavumi 'indawo. Kodwa ke imo nomnqweno yabemi eCrimea ezigudileyo bonke bajonga kunye neengxaki kuvuka.