Economics Azerbaijan: isakhiwo neempawu

Enye ambalwa amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union, ukuba igcinwe isantya olude eliphezulu lokukhula GDP - Azerbaijan. Uqoqosho luyakhula chu, nangona ukuba ingxaki ka-2008 ukuba kakhulu nempembelelo zonke iparameters zehla kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa namaqondo pre-nengxaki yokukhula kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa mveliso. Kunjalo, GDP ukukhula enye iinkokeli zehlabathi kusenjalo Azerbaijan. Economy yasinda ngenxa kumazwe amandla, kwakunye kweli lizwe ziye zaphunyezwa amanyathelo anti-kaxaka ngokusetyenziswa neemali zangaphandle ezingasetyenziswanga kwixesha pre-crisis kakuhle.

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Ilizwe bazizinhanha South eCaucasus - Azerbaijan. uqoqosho lwayo sisibini-ababini GDP onke amanye amazwe akwingingqi yawo. Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ngo-2008, ukwanda kakhulu wafikelela 24.1% ngonyaka, ixabiso eliphezulu lonke ixesha ukusukela ukuwa eSoviet. Yaba esitsholo yokwenene kwezoqoqosho, kwaye isantya sokukhula wayeyinkokeli epheleleyo ihlabathi libe Azerbaijan. Economy likhulu lenyuka ngenxa nokusetyenziswa amandla lwezibonelelo zendalo: bagqwese iidipozithi ezintsha hydrocarbon, Yandisa umlinganiselo imveliso yezamandla, ukuba nomtsalane kutyalomali ngqo oluvela kumazwe angaphandle, wakha oyile negesi imibhobho ke, ukwanda kumazwe angaphandle iimveliso zepetroliyam, oli ekrwada kunye negesi yendalo ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko iziphumo: ukudodobala zenguqu zale ekupheleni koo sele onganyelwe ngokupheleleyo, yaye GDP ngamaxabiso rhoqo bavuka ngo-2008 ukuya ezilikhulu elinamashumi amathandathu ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa 1990. uqoqosho Azerbaijan ngo-2017 kuya kuqwalaselwa kwi kuthelekiswa nje eli xesha lubabalo.

utyalo-mali ngqo kwamanye amazwe luqinisekiswa kakhulu le mpumelelo kwezi nkalo, yaye, ke, ubuninzi (phantse ngokupheleleyo) kuwo bemka baya oyile negesi candelo. Elishumi yokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-21 lubonise ukuba inkxaso-mali yangaphandle ngu-esithathwini yayiquka utyalo-ngqo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha (umzekelo, iminyaka emibini phambi 2004), ukuba kwabalelwa ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingamashumi alithoba ekhulwini kuzo zonke iimali-mboleko kumazwe angaphandle kunye notyalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto eli lizwe iye yakwazi ukuba aqokelele imali zokoyisa ingxaki ka-2008, kunye noqoqosho Azerbaijan asibanjelwa kuphela 2017 "size", yaye kuthiwa akhulayo. Kunjalo! utyalo-mali lwangaphandle net ngqo kangangeminyaka eliqela, basuswe kwi-avareji liphezulu ehlabathini - malunga namashumi amathathu ekhulwini we-GDP. Noko ke, nokuphuma mali ziye zatshintsha ngokumangalisayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kakade ukususela ngo-2004 lo ekungeneni ye-oyile negesi candelo sele iqalile ukuncipha. Ngaphezu koko, nkqu nencindi kwaphawuleka kwisithuba 2006-2008. Kodwa ke sele kwenziwe - mali imali, uphuhliso kwingingqi lezemigodi kwavusa kakuhle, imeko kuqoqosho Azerbaijan luzinzile kakhulu, kungoku nje kancinci ukuphuhlisa ngeendleko zabo.

namhlanje

Oyile negesi kwicandelo kubungqwangangqwili de-2007, yaye yayame utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ngelixa izixhobo zasekhaya ngqo kuphuhliso lwamashishini non-extractive, naye wabona kakhulu igalelo ukukhula ngamandla kuqoqosho Azerbaijan. Namhlanje, bona ngenxa becala nokuxhasa imeko yezoqoqosho oluzinzileyo kweli lizwe. Esona ngcono iziseko - amanzi, ukuthuthwa, umbane, apha washiya inkcitho esikhulu. Uqoqosho of Azerbaijan ngo-2017 ubuncinane abachatshazelwa yile ntlekele zemali. Kodwa le nto ingenzeka kuphela ngesizathu esilula ukuba nokubandakanywa yotyalo-mali olungqalileyo kuphuhliso iidiphozithi ayenezinwe kangangokuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukwazile ukwakha nokuphuhlisa kwemigodi, ukuthuthwa, amandla, yaye ngoko uYesu wabeyamkele mali yophuhliso lwecandelo, akazalani ioli.

uqoqosho Azerbaijan namhlanje isekelwe phezu esekwe kwinkqubo yombhobho mihla Ukubonelela oyile negesi emarikeni yehlabathi. Le Mcetywa oyile ngo-2006 "Baku-Ceyhan" umbhobho yi 2007 "Baku-Erzurum wegesi." Eli lizwe yaye usahleli elithumela yeoli eCaucasus, yaye ukususela ngo-2007 waba elithumela isebenzayo yerhasi. kwimveliso ye-oyile ukususela ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2010 liye landa phantse kathathu - million 42,3 iitoni, ngoxa ethunyelwa ngaphandle yakhula ngokukhawuleza - ngamaxesha amathathu anesiqingatha - ngaphezulu kwezigidi 35.6 tons. Indima zezoshishino kuphuhliso loqoqosho Azerbaijan kaThixo omkhulu. Amaxabiso e-oli ehlabathini ngoko Wakhula nje kakhulu, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba i-okukhawulezayo ikhulise-up imithamo yemveliso oyile kwakhokelela ekubeni phantse phindene kwandisa kwemivuzo oyile kumazwe angaphandle (ngo-2008 - 29.1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi). Bangama-anesixhenxe ekhulwini ngaphandle iyonke okwabangela isabelo berhasi neoli ngo-2010, nto leyo bazisa Azerbaijan phantse amane ekhulwini inzuzo karhulumente.

eliphikisayo

Ngo-2011, kwakukho kanye iziganeko ezibini, isizathu apho baba izizathu ngokucacileyo kwezoqoqosho. Kulapha kule meko kwaye kufuneka ingqalelo imeko kwi longquzulwano phakathi kwamazwe amabini alapha eMzantsi Caucasus: indlela abaye bachitha leminyaka edlulileyo emva ekuweni waseUSSR, baye baphumelela kunye namaxabiso. Ngoko ke, Azerbaijan kunye noqoqosho SaseArmenia amazwe. Yokuqala ngo-2011 zifakiwe kwiprojekthi xa ukwakhiwa TANAP wegesi (kuseyinto nembangi yethu "Turkish Stream '). Kwaye eArmenia kwangaxeshanye waba uqhankqalazo mass kwi ukwanda Amaxabiso "Electric Networks Armenia", oko kukuthi, nxamnye YO eRashiya. Noko ke, imvelaphi zonke ezi ziganeko ibe nengxaki zopolitiko Nagorno-Karabakh. Indlela ukuqalisa yaye yintoni eza phezu eminyaka, Azerbaijan, siya ngokupheleleyo ngokufutshane. Kuxhomekeke kumdlali welinye icala.

Armenia ifumene hayi kakhulu buthathaka njengelifa eSoviet Union - ine isiseko olubanzi mveliso kunye kakhulu. imithombo Own amafutha, Armenia Noko ke, yonke le minyaka kwamandla eSoviet, eli lizwe phakathi neenkokheli kwinkqubo ukuhanjiswa kwempahla phakathi republic. Of Mechanical Engineering of Armenia phambi Union (njengoko nomvelisi iintlobo ezininzi koomatshini), izinyithi non-ayoni (nobhedu, molybdenum, kunye iidiphozithi kuphuhliswa), bemelwe yi lweshishini lemichiza laphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo kakuhle. Oku kuphela kwindawo engundoqo ye kuqoqosho Armenian ngo-1991. Kodwa osisityebi iintlobo enjalo lombhodamo industrial eli lizwe ayigcinwa. Le mothuko yezoqoqosho yaba umbulali, kuba loo nto, phantse zonke republic.

Armenia

Bayiqhekeza zonke ubuhlobo ezinkulu zoqoqosho, kwaye ngokunxulumene kunye neziganeko ze Nagorno-Karabakh , Turkey kunye Azerbaijan baye benza kwafa - Armenia yaye ngoku kuyeka encuma, ekhumbula "minyaka". Le ntlekele amandla yaqala, njengoko waba ayinakwenzeka nokuba amazwe okanye import. Xa usenza ngaphandle igesi kunye neoli, wayeka Erevanskaya isikhululo samandla Razdan. Kwaye emva kokuba Spitak kwenyikima - ngxi 1988 - i Metsamor amandla enyukliya icima phantsi. Hi ndlela leyi, le yintlekele amane ekhulwini shishino weRiphablikhi bengasebenzi; kodwa Metsamor amandla enyukliya wahlala engenawo nomkrwelo. Noko ke, Chernobyl 1986 wayeselapho fresh kwimemori, yaye, ke ngoko, oku kakhulu olusebenzisekayo bagqiba ukuvala isikhululo kude isono. Phakathi kwe-eneji ngo-1993, Armenia ligqibe ekubeni ngoyaba amanyathelo athathwe ukuze uqalise isityalo. Ndimele ndithi ukuba le meko kuthathwa ukuba amandla enyukliya nje nanto. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, ndakwazi ukubaleka enye kuphela unit bobabini.

Waza Armenia waqala ukwakha uqoqosho yayo. iinguqulelo Market sele yenziwe, nangona ukukhula ngokukhawuleza zange wathi, yaye ke yena weza njani? isiseko Industrial eshiyeke eSoviet Union ukuba ngokupheleleyo okanye yotshintsho, okanye icinywe ezilahliweyo. Yaye utyalo-mali lwangaphandle lwalungqingqwa e RA (ngokungafaniyo Azerbaijan elihlala ngeoli). Makhe sithelekise amanani: Georgia lityale ziinkampani angaphandle ngonyaka $ 1.8 billion e Azerbaijan - gidi ezine, lo gama eArmenia ubuninzi asithoba, anamanci ezigidi (uze kanye kuphela iminyaka eseleyo - phi ngaphantsi). Kwaye imali ikakhulu saa kwihlabathi yamaJuda Armenian. Indawo yesibini kwi izitofu zemali - Russia. Ke kunyaka GDP SaseArmenia wabonisa ukukhula okuhle - elinesine ekhulwini. Noko ke, yona ithenga nangoku ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe. Oomashini phantse akukho mntu uzithabathela ngokwakhe, kodwa isinyithi, ezolimo (Cognac "zeArarati"), ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam ... Enyanisweni, ke uluhlu phantse ndidiniwe.

Ukuba kusasa impi

ngosuku ngalunye imfazwe phakathi Armenia kunye Azerbaijan e Nagorno-Karabakh indleko, omnye kwelinye icala izigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu (Azerbaijani kunye nemali lwemali - izinzile). Economy of Armenia kunye dram hayi izinze loo ubushushu balo awukwazi ukuphila ukuba ngenxa yakhe "fit" Russia (kwaye usoloko "fit"). Ekulweni ezinamatye namageduka - kubiza kakhulu. Ngoku ke ulungelelwaniso yezoqoqosho ephambili ukuba akukho isekela. UMphathiswa kuqoqosho Azerbaijan wamluleka ukutshintsha ngo-1990-1993, andizanga umphathiswa okanye inkulumbuso, xa kukho ngokwenene yayimikhulu-scale ukuya emfazweni. Ngoko ke, namhlanje Azerbaijan unawo igolide lwemali oovimba amahlanu ezigidi ezintathu zeerandi. Umzekelo, Ukraine ezingama-ezisibhozo (oko ke ngo-2014), e Belarus - elinambini. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngamnye capita ngumlungiseleli kuqoqosho Azerbaijan yabela 7.800 zeerandi, ngelixa nkqu eRashiya kuyinto nje emithathu enesiqingatha amawaka, lo gama koovimba begolide izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezulu.

Yiyo le "ngamanqatha ongama" zoqoqosho ukuvumela Azerbaijan nkqu ngexesha lemfazwe iinkqubo zoluntu ukusika (umhlala-phantsi, imivuzo kunye njalo njalo). Kodwa Armenia kungenzeka onjalo bonke. Noko ke, Azerbaijan akayiqondi into yokuba iziphumo impi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko ungaqali nide nixhotyiswe ngamandla ukuba abuyele ezweni, nto leyo ngenxa yesizathu esithile iqwalasela kowabo, ngaphandle kokucela Armenia asitsala phezu Nagorno-Karabakh oyile negesi imibhobho zabo. Kodwa ke amalungiselelo empi khona. Ukudala ingxowa wezemikhosi ukuba kanye, izibalo eninzi kakhulu kwi-akhawunti, ingeyo incinane iminikelo ayizange inciphe kule minyaka. uqoqosho Azerbaijan ngowe-2016 yahluke kakhulu ka-2011, xa izigqibo zenziwa Yokutshayelela mome. Ngowe-2018 wayecebe ukuyisebenzisa. Imfazwe ungaqali, kodwa ukungqubana abaxhobileyo kwi imida kwenzeka ngokusisigxina kunye nokusetyenziswa zokudubula kunye ntaka zomkhosi. Nangona loyiso na iphumelele Armenia okanye Azerbaijan.

Uphuhliso uqoqosho lwelizwe

njengangoku nkqubo kaRhulumente kuphunyezwa kummandla Uqoqosho (Social Development). kwempahla karhulumente zentengiso, ukwanda indima zoshishino kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwase-Azerbaijan. Achumayo urhwebo, othe gqolo ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokulawulwa kwempahla karhulumente emva uthengiso elivimbela iimonopoli kunye nokukhuthaza ukhuphiswano. I-Azerbaijani Ministry of Economy ikhokelwe S. mohamad ukusukela ngo-2008.

Noko ke, ukuba ukuphuhlisa eli lizwe akuqali ukususela kwixesha yokwahlukana waseUSSR, kodwa kakhulu ngaphambili, ngowe-1883, xa ukusuka Tbilisi ukuya Baku weza Iziporo Russian, iqukwe womnatha lulonke. Ngelo xesha yandiswa ngokubonakalayo umthengisi yokuthumela kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba Baku - yinto kaloliwe kuhlangana ebalulekileyo yindawo enkulu lweCaspian. Ndaqala kwimveliso ye-oyile, kwakukho amashishini mveliso, amaqula kunye injini umphunga. Kwabonakala ikomkhulu lokuqala angaphandle apha kakhulu, kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukwenza isiqingatha share yehlabathi lwemveliso oyile e Azerbaijan.

Italy

Namhlanje, Kakade ke, Azerbaijan uye amathuba enkulu kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. phambi Investment apha liceba ukwandisa kakhulu Italy. Waqalisa ukuba utyalo kweli lizwe kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, yaye iminikelo zokuqala ukusuka kwinqanaba fashion. Kukho amashishini amaninzi joint, asebenza unanamhla. Imarike uyatshintsha, ukwandisa, yaye zombini namazwe baqonde amathuba yokusebenzisana mutual emasimini lokucwangcisela kunye nezithuthi. Ukumka emva kwentlekele iqala kakulu, kukho izibonelelo kunye zokwakha iiprojekthi, nako ukutsala utyalo-mali bangaphandle.

Ukususela ngo-2010, umthamo utyalo-ngqo kwiinkampani Azerbaijan Italian ladlula ikhulu elinamanci amahlanu ezigidi zeedollar, ukusuka apho ukuya Italy nangakumbi - ikhulu elinamanci mathathu anantathu, yaye kuphela ngowama-2016, Azerbaijan utyale imali kwiiprojekthi Italian phantse elikhulu elinamanci amathathu ezigidi zeerandi. Ngoku, iinkampani ngaphezu amabini zisebenza kunye, phakathi kwabo enjalo kakuhle eyaziwa ngokuba Tenaris, Technip Italy, Maire Tecnimont, Drillmec, Valvitalia, Saipem kunye nabanye. Ngowe-2017, Italy uya kwandisa utyalo-mali kuqoqosho Azerbaijan kaThixo. Iinkcukacha ipapashwe koonondaba kakade. Ngowe-2016 ikhontrakthi utyikitywe uDanielle, yaye sele waqala apha. phambi Zizonke iinkampani Italian kweli lizwe ufikelela inani elikhulu - up eziliwaka, yaye siya sisanda nyaka ngamnye. Ngokwemiqathango turnover imeko - iqabane isebenzayo Azerbaijan.

neengingqi zoqoqosho: Baku

Imimandla ye Azerbaijan Republic iphawulwa imeko ezikhethekileyo zezoqoqosho neendawo kweli lizwe sichazwa ngobunye bayo sobummandla kunye nezoqoqosho, iimeko ezizodwa zemvelo kwaye ziphuhliswe ngokwembali ezikhethiweyo mveliso. Nazi iingingqi ezilishumi kwezoqoqosho, kunye indawo eyahlukileyo ye Absheron Peninsula, nto leyo likomkhulu weRiphabliki - Baku. Last iquka Khizi, District Absheron kunye Sumgayit. Nguye lo engundoqo amafutha kunye namandla emazantsi lizwe, akukho wakhupha imali ezibalulekileyo ngenkqubela-oyile negesi, kwaye uninzi yonke umbane.

Kakhulu kuphuhliswa chemical kunye noshishino petrochemical, kulandele yokunyibilikisa isinyithi enzima, isakhiwo umatshini, ubunjineli amandla, ubunjineli ombane. Ngaphezu koko, amashishini amakhulu kakhulu yokukhanya kunye nokutya mveliso, izixhobo zokwakha. Kubhaliwe aphuhliswe kakuhle kakhulu kule ndawo kwezoqoqosho kwicandelo nkonzo nezibonelelo zothutho. Ezolimo kwakhona langoku: kukho iinkukhu, imfuyo kunye nenyama kunye nobisi (neenkomo), iigusha. Ukulima, iViticulture, floriculture, horticulture, iimeko agro-zemozulu ngokulandelelana elisemagqabini olukhulayo nesafron, iminquma, ngamandongo-, amakhiwane, iiamangile, ivatala, zidiliya zimanzi kunye nangaphezulu.

ummandla kwezoqoqosho seGanja-Gazakh

Kukho imizi ezimbini ezinkulu - Naftalan kunye seGanja, kwakunye kwizithili yolawulo ezisithoba. Le ndawo igcwele kakhulu kwizimbiwa misela ukuba apha oyile negesi kodwa ayibe, pyrite intsimbi, intsimbi, barite, lekalika, alunite, gypsum, nezemarmore, bentonite, zeolite, negolide, nobhedu, yaye phi kuphela. Ukongeza, kule mimandla kukho izikhululo zamandla ngamanzi ezintathu ngenxa Kura kokungcola apha. Manufacturing izityalo ukuthatha kule ndawo kwezoqoqosho indawo enkulu. Le insimbi enzima, isakhiwo umatshini, ukwenziwa isixhobo, utyalayo ukuba imveliso kunye nokulungiswa koomatshini yezolimo, izithuthi kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. kushishino Ukukhanya uvelisa iimveliso ezisekelwe kwizinto ekrwada zobulali: inyama agcinwe ubisi, nebranti newayini.

Iinkampani ezininzi zokwakha, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume iiphaneli ububanzi, ufakelo lwesamente, izitena, ibhloko eziphathekayo, izinto zokwakha naziiperile. Emizini bavelise nokuhlawulwa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ahle kwaye nonferrous, potash, sulphuric acid ekrwada zaseprayimari eziphathekayo. usinika Agricultural iisiriyali iitapile, iidiliya kunye nezinye iziqhamo. Uphuhliso izilwanyana, horticulture, igadi. Le ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu ethunyelwayo: endaweni yayo kukho imibhobho, ukuthutha oyile negesi. Ephuhliswe kakuhle ukhenketho, ekubeni iimeko zemozulu kakhulu elungileyo. Yokuyisebenzisa amaziko ezempilo ezininzi, kuquka ukubaluleka ngamazwe.

Kwezinye iindawo ezoqoqosho

Kutshanje, abezoqoqosho bakhalazele ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nabanye Baku kwiindawo kwezoqoqosho ngokwaneleyo, nangona urhulumente iye ngokungakhathali zempumelelo yabo. iindawo ezininzi siphila ngokuxhaphaza mali, kuba abakwazi kakuhle indlela yabo yophuhliso. Noko ke, izazinzulu sizathu kubona ukuba kakhulu uzame. Ummiselo namhlanje - umgaqo-nkqubo yokuxhomekeka. Nangona echumileyo ezifana ngokwendalo kwemozulu, ilizwe inokuba amafutha - ukhenketho ukuba abe zizityebi.

Azerbaijan uye imimandla enamandla - baba-mbalwa, kwakunye njengongenamandla, apho abantu abakwazi ukuhlala phakathi kwemisebenzi phantse elililo nokusilela inkuthazo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezinjalo kungekudala abe eyintlango. Kwanele kunjani mmandla mhle Shamkir loosomashishini, nkqu isixeko ungqingwe Nakhichevan kancane asakhulayo. Kunjalo ingachazwa seGanja, Saatli kunye neendawo ezininzi ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu. Kodwa ke kukho iindawo apho kungekho, kungekuphela nje kushishino kodwa ukhenketho, kodwa ezolimo akakafiki fumene ulawulo oluqhelekileyo kwaye awukwazi usasaze nokutyala imali ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi endle kuliwa, kunye nesicwangciso sophuhliso senziwa. Kuhleli ukuba uphile ngaso.