UMary Queen of England: biography, ebudeni bolawulo

Maria I Tudor (iminyaka yobomi bakhe - 1516-1558) - Queen of England, okwabizwa ngokuba noMariya Igazi. Akazange wafakwa nengcwaba lakhe kwilizwe ukuba akukho (oko kuphela eSpeyin, apho wazalelwa nendoda yakhe). Namhlanje igama Queen enxulumene kakhulu ngogonyamelo. Eneneni, kwakukho abaninzi kule minyaka xa wetrone kwabakho Mariya wamagazi. Ngokutsho kwimbali ukubusa ibhalwe oluninzi iincwadi, kunye nomdla ubuntu bakhe alutshitshi, kwaye unanamhla. Nangona yokuba eNgilani kwayimini yokufa kwakhe (ngelo xesha Elizabeth I wenyuka itrone) ibhiyozelwa iholide kazwelonke, lo mfazi unya ukuze ezininzi zimelwe yayo. Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uya kubona.

Abazali nguMaria, ebuntwaneni bakhe

Abazali nguMaria - IsiNgesi Tudor uKumkani uHenry VIII kunye n Aragonskaya, inkosazana omncinane Spanish. Tudor ngelo xesha Ndandisemncinci kakhulu, kwaye uHenry kuphela umlawuli yesibini iNgilani ephathelele kulo.

Ngowe-1516, koroleva n wazala intombi, uMariya, umntwana ezinokwenzeka kuphela (waba ngaphambili ukunikezelwa eziliqela aluphumelelanga) yayo. uyise wentombazana wadana, kodwa ezithenjiweyo ukuvela ziindlalifa elizayo. UMariya yena wayemthanda, ebizwa igugu kwesithsaba saso. Wazithanda uhlobo eqinileyo kakhulu intombi yakhe. Le ntombazana ekhala kunqabile kakhulu. Yena ngenkuthalo. Ootitshala wafundisa Latin, IsiNgesi, umculo wakhe, isiGrike, idlala harpsichord kunye nomdaniso. Future koroleva UMariya Blood yokuqala iincwadi zamaKristu abanomdla. Its endinomdla kakhulu amabali malunga yamandulo umphumi-iintombi kunye nabafazi ukholo.

Abaviwa amadoda

Princess engqongwe enesihlwele esinzima ezininzi, ulungelelene indawo yayo; abasebenzi enkundleni, lo mfundisi, nabakhonzazana kunye nanny, nenekazi-komfundisi. Ndandikhula, uMariya Bloody ukuziqeqesha ikhwele falconry amahashe. Nakekela ngomtshato wakhe, njengoko kunesiqhelo kunye nookumkani, yaqala ukususela ebuntwaneni. Le ntwazana wayeneminyaka-2 ubudala xa uyise wayo basayina isivumelwano malunga nothethathethwano intombi yakhe, unyana ka- uFrancis I, lo Dauphin French. Isivumelwano, Noko ke, irhoxisiwe. Omnye umfundi ukuba indoda kaMariya kunyaka-6 ubudala yaba Karl V Gabsburg, waseRoma oyiNgcwele uMlawuli, ngubani wayemdala umtshakazi engama-16. Noko ke, inkosazana akazange abe nexesha abaqolileyo umtshato.

UCatherine akakholiswa uHenry

Kwi kunyaka-16 sitshatile uHenry VIII, leyo phofu engekabi iindlalifa into eyindoda, wagqiba ukuba umtshato wakhe Catherine, abanakumkholisa uThixo. Ukuzalwa unyana ongumgqakhwe wangqina ukuba lo mba kukuba nga Henry. Lo mba ujika ngaphandle, yaba ngumfazi wakhe. UKumkani ogama umgqakhwe yakhe Henry Fitzroy. Wanika imizi unyana wakhe, iinqaba dukedom. Kodwa ke, ukwenza ukuba yindlalifa Henry, yena nako, ngenxa yokuba malunga nokuvumeleka ngokusemthethweni nokudalwa Tudor ubukhosi kwaba nombuzo.

Umfazi wokuqala uCatherine uNkosana Uelskiy Artur. Wayengunyana omdala ka umsunguli labalawuli. Emva kweenyanga ezi-5 emva kokuba umsitho emsithweni, wafa sephepha. Ke Henry VII, phezu Isiphakamiso matchmakers baseSpeyin amalungiselelo inxaxheba Henry, unyana wakhe wesibini (ke ngoko eli-11 ubudala), kunye uCatherine. Umtshato kufuneka zibhaliswe xa umdala. Ukuzalisekisa ukuyivumela lokugqibela kayise, eneminyaka eyi-18, uHenry VIII watshata ngumhlolokazi umzalwana wakhe. ibandla Ngokuqhelekileyo wabalela imitshato ezifana zihlobene. Nakuba kunjalo, ngaphandle abantu abathile enamandla banikwa imvume kule upopu.

Uqhawulo, umfazi omtsha Henry

Kwaye ngoku, ngo-1525, ukumkani wabuza Pope ukuba isisombululo umtshato. Clement VII akazange ayiphikise, kunjalo, yaye akasinikanga imvume yayo. Wayalela ngokuba "ngukumkani ishishini" nga some more. Henry wachaza umfazi wakhe, uluvo lwakhe phezu ubuze nobubi umtshato wabo. Wacela ukuba uvume umtshato uye woonongendi, kodwa lo mfazi wathi wala. Oku ngeke ngokwayo ukuba isiphelo yaseXhora kakhulu - uhlaza ezingxandeni ezisemaphandleni phantsi kweliso ukungcola kunye nentombi yakhe. Kwiminyaka embalwa urhuqe kwi "kwimeko uKumkani." ekugqibeleni Arhiepiskop Kenterberiysky kunye nezo beCawa elimisiweyo uHenry ibhengeze umtshato null and void. Lo kumkani ukutshata Anne Boleyn, ekuthanda.

Isibhengezo uMariya wesihlahla

Ke Clement VII wagqiba kwelokuba ahlukane Henry Church. Azisa intombi yakhe Queen Elizabeth nemigqakhwe entsha. T. Cranbury ukuphendula loo yabhengezwa nguKumkani niyimigqakhwe intombi Mary uCatherine yakhe. Yena umnakekeli onke amalungelo, sithembele heiress.

UHenry waba yintloko Anglican

YiPalamente ngo 1534 abasayinileyo "Act kwi suprematsii" apho uKumkani wakhokela Church of England. Ezinye iinkolelo zonqulo ziye zaphononongwa kwaye irhoxisiwe. Ngoko kwakukho Church of England, leyo, njengoko kunjalo nendawo phakathi kobuProtestanti nobuKatolika. Abo enqaba ukukwamkela oko, kwakuthiwa abangcatshi kunye phantsi izohlwayo ngqwabalala. Ukususela ngoku athatha impahla eyeyomnye yamaKatolika iCawa, kunye iirhafu Church baye baqalisa ukufika ebutyebini bokumkani.

Ukukhala kaMariya

UMariya Bloody kunye nokufa unina yintandane. Waye uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi abafazi bakayise. Anne Boleyn wamthiya, ngeendlela zonke bahlekisa ngaye, yaye isicelo ukuhlasela. Isibakala sokuba igumbi ekule kanye nomama wakhe ngoku wahlala umfazi lowo enxibe iimpahla umqhele, Catherine, uMariya kuye kwabangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu. Kuba kwakuya uxolo makhulu Spanish notatomkhulu, kodwa elo xesha kokuba efile, neendlalifa zabo uneengxaki ngokwaneleyo kwilizwe labo.

Yaba ulonwabo elide elifutshane-Anne Boleyn - ngaphambi kokuba azalwe intombi endaweni unyana, i kulindeleke ukumkani zamthembisayo. eyi-3 kuphela ubudala yaye wahlala ukumkanikazi uCatherine wasinda kuphela iinyanga ezi-5. Anna watyholwa karhulumente nokukrexeza. Umfazi yeza kulo itheko ngoMeyi 1536, kunye Elizabeth, intombi yakhe, wavakaliswa ongumgqakhwe, njengoko elizayo wokuqala nguBloody Mary Tudor.

Okunye uMariya kaVan

Kuyinto kuphela xa Heroine yethu abavumela ukuba baqaphele Henry VIII yintloko yaseTshetshi, entliziyweni yakhe esengumKatolika, yena wabuyela banazo kunye nofikelelo ebhotweni lokumkani. UMary Tudor, Noko ke, ayikho utshatile.

Henry kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokufa Boleyn watshata umkhonzazana uzuko, Dzheyn Seymur. Kwatsho kwasika kuyo UMaria nomyeni wakhe menza ukuba abuyele ebhotwe. Seymour wazala uHenry VIII, owathiywa xesha sele engama-46 ubudala, unyana ekwakukudala lilindelwe, Edward VI, njengoko wafa fever puerperal. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uKumkani siyalibulela kwaye wayeyithanda umfazi wesithathu ngaphezu kwabanye, waza amngcwabe ecaleni engcwabeni lakhe.

umtshato Okwesine kukumkani aluphumelelanga. Ebona IIMVELISO Klevskuyu, inkosikazi yakhe, uhlobo, moya waba nomsindo. UHenry VIII emva komtshato wayo ukusuka Cromwell wakhe abulawe, umlungiseleli wakhe wokuqala, lowo ngumququzeleli zikuthembisa. Ndikunye Anna, yena umtshato emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ngokutsho imvumelwano umtshato, kungekhona ningena kulo nobuhlobo bobulili. Wamchazela umtshato emva kokufumana isihloko oodade, kwaye libe lilifa encinane. Relations phakathi kwabo ayengekho ezinxulumene, kunye nobudlelwane kunye noonyana uKumkani Cleves.

Katherine Gotvard, inyathelo-unina ilandelayo uMariya anqunyulwe intloko Tower, emva kweminyaka 1.5 sitshatile, ukuze uyakrexeza. Iminyaka 2 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uKumkani wawongwa umtshato wesithandathu. N Parr ukukhathalela umntwana, ukunyamekela umyeni wakhe ogulayo, waye inkosikazi lentendelezo. Lo mfazi baqiniseka ukumkani ukuba abe nobubele ngakumbi iintombi zakhe, uElizabeth noMariya. N Parr wasinda ukumkani, basinda kumgwebo kuphela ngenxa ikhono lakhe kunye luck okupheleleyo.

Ukufa uHenry VIII, UMariya wayazi esemthethweni

UHenry VIII wafa ngoJanuwari 1547, ukudlulisela ukuya Edward, nonyana wakhe, isithsaba. Ukuba ngenzala yakhe wafa, yena kwafuneka ukuba zonke iintombi - Elizabeth noMariya. Ezi amakhosikazi zaye ekugqibeleni ithathwa njengokuba ezisemthethweni. Oku wabanika ithuba lokuxhomekeka isithsaba kunye umtshato ophucukileyo.

Ulawulo Edward kunye nokufa kwakhe

Maria ngenxa yokubambelela yayo kubuKatolika batshutshiswa. Wada bafuna ukuhamba eNgilani. Ngokuba ukumkani Edward kwaba umcabango kunzima ukuba weza etroneni emva kwakhe. Ngomhla icebiso iNkosi yoMkhuseli, wagqiba ekubeni uyibhale ukuthanda kayise. Indlalifa proclaimed Dzheyn Grey oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala, umzala yesibini Edward kunye umzukulwana Henry VII. Yena waye lamaProtestanti, yaye intombi Northumberland.

Edward VI ngequbuliso wagula kwiintsuku ezi-3 emva kokuba probate zenziwe kubo. Oku kwenzeka ehlotyeni ka-1553. Wafa nje emva koko. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, lo nokufa okubangelwa yi-TB, njengoko siye ukususela ebuntwaneni yempilo enkenenkene. Noko ke, kukho enye inguqulo. I iNkosana Northumberland kwiimeko akrokra zisuswe kukumkani kumagqirha. ukhuko lwakhe wabonakala imihlola. Kodwa kuthiwa wanika Edward umthamo we esiyityhefu. Emva koko ke ukumkani waziva kakhulu waphuma umphefumlo eneminyaka engama-15.

Maria uba queen

Emva kokufa kwakhe, ukumkanikazi waba Dzheyn Grey, lowo ngelo xesha engama-16 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, abantu neenkani, hayi niqonda. Kwinyanga kamva, uMariya beza etroneni. Wayesele ngeli xesha sele kwiminyaka engama-37 ubudala. Emva kolawulo uHenry VIII, ngubani yazibeka intloko yeCawa kwaye wasikwa ecaweni yi-Pope kuyo, malunga nesiqingatha zonke yoonongendi kunye iicawa zitshatyalalisiwe sikarhulumente. msebenzi esinzima isigqibo emva kokufa Edward Bloody kaMariya. ENgilani, nto leyo wayesele ilifa, lusizi. Kwakufuneka ukuba ngokukhawuleza waphila. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala kuba uphumezo Dzheyn Grey, umyeni wakhe, Gilforda Dadli, noyise Dzhona Dadli.

Ukubulawa Jane kunye nomyeni wakhe

UMary, ogama engobomi kudla amelwe imibala emnyama, ngemvelo akazange kwahluka notyekelo kubundlobongela. Uye akubanga nako ukuthumela nomzala wakhe phezu block kugawulwa. Kutheni uMary ekugqibeleni wagqiba ukukwenza oko? Wayesazi ukuba Jane - nje nenkomo ezandleni zabanye, abangazange bafune ukuba ukumkanikazi. icala layo phezu kunye nomyeni wakhe ekuqaleni akhawulwe nje umthetho. Koroleva UMariya Bloody wayefuna ungayixoleli sibini. Noko ke, okumiselwe Jane T. Friday wagqiba kwelokuba okutyekisayo, eyaqala ngo-Januwari 1554 Februwari 12 kuloo nyaka, uJane Guilford ngezembe.

Mary Board Bloody

Maria waphinda engqongwe yena nabo de kutshanje phakathi belinye icala. Wayesazi ukuba bakwazi ukumnceda kulawulo karhulumente. Ukuvuselelwa lizwe yaqala ukuvuselelwa ukholo yamaKatolika, nto leyo yenze nguBloody Mary. Ukuzama ukuya Counter-neNguquko - njengoko ubizwa ngolwimi lwezenzululwazi. godlo abaninzi baye ngokutsha. Noko ke, ebudeni bolawulo uMariya exhonywa obuProtestante. Eyayenzelwa wavutha ne Februwari 1555 walondoloza ubungqina lukhulu ngabantu njani ziintlungu, bafa ngenxa yokholo lwabo. abantu abamalunga ne-300 ziye zitshiswe. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho naye, Ridley, Cramner kunye nezinye hierarchs ibandla. Le Kumkanikazi angayalelwa ukuba kungokunivela abo bavumelana ukuba abe Catholic, wajamelana umlilo. Kuba zonke ezi zenkohlakalo kaMariya wafumana igama elithi Igazi.

umshado kaMariya

Queen watshata unyana ka uCharles V Philip (ehlotyeni 1554). INdoda wayeneminyaka eli-12 abangaphantsi uMariya. Ngokutsho mvumelwano umtshato, wayengakwazi bengenela ekulawuleni ilizwe, nokuba akazalwa ngumfazi evela umtshato abantwana ukuba babe ziindlalifa ukuya etroneni IsiNgesi. Philippe xa ekufeni ngaphambi kaMariya kwafuneka sibuyele eSpeyin. British Queen nyanya indoda. Nangona UMaria wenza inzame sePalamente ukuvuma isigqibo malunga nokuba uPhilippe yayigqalwa ukumkani eNgilani, yena walelwa oku. Nyana uCharles V yaba nekratshi kunye nezivatho. Wafika naye yena baziphethe inkanuko.

ukungqubana kwemihla Bloody phakathi baseSpeyin kunye IsiNgesi waqala ukuthatha indawo ezitalatweni emva kokuba efikile kaFilipu.

Ukugula nokufa

UMaria uye iimpawu ukukhulelwa zabonakala ngoSeptemba. Senza intando njengako leyo uFilipu ukuba ibamba umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka uninzi. Noko ke, umntwana uzelwe. UMariya Elizabeth wamisa ezihlangwini, udade wabo.

NgoMeyi 1558, kwaye kwacaca ukuba ngokwenene ukukhulelwa wengqikelelo uphawu lokugula. UMaria enesifo ifiva, intloko ebuhlungu, ugwayi. Uthi waqala ukuphelelwa ebusweni bakhe. Ehlotyeni ukumkanikazi yokubangela umkhuhlane. Elizabeth emiswa njengoko ezihlangwini ngoNovemba 6, 1558 Marie wafa ngoNovemba 17 kunyaka omnye. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba isifo apho Queen wafa - cysts ovarian okanye umhlaza zesibeleko. UMariya yahlala wangcwatyelwa Westminster Abbey. Sobukhosi emva kokufa kwakhe ilifa Elizabeth I.