EKaliningrad esirhangqileyo: izinto. Inkcazelo endaba umdla

Njengoko uninzi iziko ntshona kwimimandla yelo lizwe kunye kuphela ongenayo imida komhlaba mpumalanga Russia, eKaliningrad ebesoloko umdla emhlabeni nje kuphela, kodwa ukusuka kwindawo imbali umbono. isixeko Russian kunye iingcambu ezendeleyo Austria yi bhuqe ezimangalisayo lwembali, ezikhumbuzo kunye neendawo angumqondiso, ukwakha kunye nenkcubeko. Ngoko ke, oko umdla kakhulu abakhenkethi abatyelela kulo unyaka wonke. Sicela ukuba ufunde uluhlu ezinomtsalane eziphambili eKaliningrad kunye kwindawo yayo.

City de 1946

Ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba eKaliningrad, Koenigsberg yasekwa ngoJanuwari 1255 yi-Knights uMyalelo leTeutonic phantsi umyalelo Poppo von Ostern kunye Premysl Otakar II - King of eBohemia. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba bonke baqala ekwakhiweni enqabeni yomkhosi, kuqala elenziwe ngamaplanga, kodwa emva kokuba isibini kweminyaka ilitye. Abendlu ukumkani beza Knights uncedo, nto leyo samenywa ukujongana nabantu basekuhlaleni wokholo yobuhedeni. Ngokuthe ngcembe waqala ukuhlala umhlaba amaJamani. Baxubana labemi Prussia, ngokuthe ngcembe wayengazazi ukuba ungubani zabo, bayalibala ulwimi nenkcubeko. Ekugqibeleni, ngenkulungwane ye-16 inani labo laba malunga ne-20%. Ngokuthe ngcembe, indawo isixeko iye yakhula ukuquka ngokwakhe Königsberg (eKaliningrad) kunye nendawo yawo. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo asisininzi iphuma kuloo maxesha akude.

City ngexesha lemfazwe

Ngu ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umzi liye lakhula. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka asakhulayo amakhonkco zothutho, izakhiwo, iindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ukufika ethath 'amandla, iye yakhuthaza ngenkuthalo ubumfazwe.

Ngexesha neemeko isixeko yayiza kutshatyalaliswa kakhulu British Air Force. kuhlaselo lwakhe kwindalo yaqala emva Aprili 5, 1944. Ezininzi ezinomtsalane eKaliningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane yachaphazeleka, ezinye yatshabalala. Ekugqibeleni, abaninzi ezikhumbuzo ziye zalahleka, kuquka i-Prussia uKumkani Queen Louise, kwakunye amangcwaba professorial. Emva kwemfazwe, lonke iphondo, ogama East Prussia, kunye ikomkhulu - Koenigsberg, wanikwa ngexesha eSoviet Union, yaye kamva kwiCEMIS ngokusisigxina.

Königsberg Castle

EYurophu, njengokuba sisazi, idume ezinde yamandulo. Abaninzi kubo zakhiwa ngexesha eqhekekileyo feudal, xa igunya engundoqo ukuba buthathaka kwaye elowo waziphendulela ke okusemandleni. Nantso Königsberg (eKaliningrad) ekuqaleni abonakala nenqaba enqabeni yomkhosi loo. LeTeutonic Knights walibeka 1255, ulwakhiwo, ngokutsha, kwaye wenza utshintsho ezahlukeneyo de 1713 esi sakhiwo wayenako neqhayiya eKaliningrad mihla kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Amahlandinyuka kwimbali yamandulo kufuneka iipropati yentshabalalo. Noko ke, nqaba phantse bubuhle wema ukuya emfazweni. Waza waqala intshabalalo yayo: kuqala, imisebenzi emkhosini, yaye emva koko urhulumente omtsha. Uqhekekile nqaba yasha ngo-1967 Ngoku amanxuwa, apho kwenziwa kukugrumba ukusuka '90 ukuya ku-2007 intetho malunga ekuqaleni ngokutsha kunye nomsebenzi wokubuyisela kwiziko nelembali sixeko yenziwa rhoqo, kodwa lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ngaphantsi okuphawuleka phantse ezilahlekileyo ngalo mzuzu. -Pictures ngaphezu entendelezweni nqaba, eyenziwe ngo-1923.

Koenigsberg Exchange

Enye yezona ndawo zindala umdla lomzi, yinto lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Modern idilesi yendawo - 83 Indlu on Leninsky Prospekt, kufuphi ibhulorho ephakamileyo. phezu lomlanjana Pregol. Ukwakhiwa kwale ndlela e sixeko hayi yokuqala, kodwa wabatshabalalisa yokugqibela emithathu okanye zitshiswe. Akumangalisi istock exchange kwakucingwa ukuba udidi "izinto onomtsalane eKaliningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane", uluhlu leyo ebanzi kakhulu. Yakhiwa 1870-1875, ngokulandelelanayo, ngendlela engaqhelekanga Prussia uhlobo neo-Renaissance kunye ubukho izinto yamandulo. Kule kwempi iminyaka Exchange iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, wema ezidilikileyo kwaye kuphela ngasekupheleni-imi- 60 ngokutsha iye yenziwa. Namhlanje isakhiwo na iziko wengingqi inkcubeko ulutsha.

Kaliningrad iPhaphethi Theatre

Isakhiwo wembali use e Central Park, Victory Avenue, kwisixeko Kaliningrad. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo kuye ibekwe yamaLuthere, kwaye ukusukela-1976 - lo yonopopi lwengingqi. Isakhiwo yakhiwa kwinkumbulo of uLouise of Mecklenburg - umfazi Fridriha Vilgelma II kunye, ngokuzenzekelayo, uninakhulu Russian uMlawuli Alexander ka-II. Emva kokuba Ukubuyiselwa Imbonakalo phantse ngokupheleleyo ingqinelana kwifom sebandla phambi kokuba imfazwe, kodwa elingaphakathi iguqulwe kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yentswelo yobugcisa qheke ibe imigangatho ezimbini. Ukuba ugqiba ukuba bahlole ezinomtsalane eKaliningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane ebusika okanye ngalo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, musa ukulibala malunga isakhiwo ibandla. Beautiful and mncane, eyakhiwa imbeko kwabantu abathembekileyo ukuba ukumkanikazi wakhe othandekayo, abasweleke kwincopho ubuhle bakhe.

Cathedral

Isakhiwo yamandulo, ukwakhiwa ogama kuthwalelwa phandle kwiminyaka 1333-1380, sikweyona embindini nelembali mzi. De ekuqaleni UHlaziyo-16. Cathedral yaba ibandla lamaKatolika. Oku kwakhiwa indlela iBaltic Gothic, ekwabizwa ngokuba isitena. Lubonakala bubukho Isivatho zizityebi, kodwa yena ndingekho ngokupheleleyo olugobileyo. Le yenye izakhiwo ezimbalwa hlobo bayo abakhoyo eRashiya. Qiniseka ukuba eze nayo xa uhambela Kaliningrad. Zonke iindawo ezinika baphula iintsuku enye okanye ezimbini akwenzeki, kodwa uhambo lwakho liya kuba abuyonto ngaphandle kokuhlola Cathedral. Ngoku cwangcisa imiboniso ezahlukeneyo kunye iikonsathi, kwakunye Izindlwana ezimbini umsebenzi: Orthodox kunye Evangelical.

Kirch MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT

Esi sakhiwo lidala eKaliningrad, iye yasinda le mihla iqhelekile bendawo St Nicholas Church. Umhla ngqo sokwakha yayo lingakulungele, kodwa imithombo ezibhaliweyo ngako ngo-1288. nezivalo kwayo yakhiwa of nezinkulu ezinkulu urhabaxa, kunye nodonga lasentshonalanga ezenziwe ngezitena kunye tubal zwe. Kuyamangalisa ukuba, ngexesha lemfazwe ibandla phantse yamaLuthere zange konakale. Ngokutsho kwezinye data, iinkonzo ziye zabanjwa kulo de-1948, de kube ukugxothwa amaJamani ukusuka esixekweni. Kakade, esi sakhiwo ilitye lesikhumbuzo nembali kunye nokuhombisa isixeko eKaliningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo yale hlobo kusoloko achukumisa iimvakalelo ezinzulu xa betyelela, ngokuba bathanda ixesha limi ngxi kwaye antywiliselwa kule umoya elidlulileyo sixeko.

Church of the Holy Family, Kaliningrad

The Catholic Church mhlawumbi owona msebenzi adumileyo kunye onomtsalane umyili Fridriha Haytmanna. Yakhiwa 1904-1907. Ngokutsho kwakhe, wayeza kuba yindawo ekhethekileyo, bekuya kusoloko walawula apho umoya kaKristu kunye nabazali bakhe basemhlabeni. Kuyamangalisa ukuba baqhube iinkonzo yomngcwabo, kwaye kuphela imibhiyozo yomtshato kunye christenings. Ngoku isakhiwo bobabo ukuya Regional Philharmonic.

Cross Holy Cathedral

Ozibonayo kakhulu amandulo omangalisayo eKaliningrad kunye ndawo elijikelezileyo elingaziwayo ngaphandle Kirch Cross, ngoku kukho ibandla Orthodox. ukwakhiwa kwayo lucwangciselelwe ukuba luqale ngo-1913, nangona kunjalo, phambi kokuba uqale, umsebenzi yaphazamiseka ngenxa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-10, ngo-1925, oko wayilwa, ilitye yokuqala ngo-1930, yaye sele-7 Meyi 1933 kwabanjwa nobungcwalisa bako. Cathedral umdla ngokwemiqathango izakhiwo kunye kwicebo unohlobo ravnokonechnogo (ngesiGrike) umnqamlezo. Umhombiso yokuqala ibandla liyalondolozwa, ubeko lwangaphakathi yathotyelwa iinguqulelo ezininzi, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kweentlobo zomthonyama.

Khokela ingxoxo malunga eKaliningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane, imibombo aloo mzi, alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu, akunakwenzeka ukuba singasathethi kwenye indawo - yamaphandle Village (ifoto emileyo). urhwebo Modern, ezoshishino kunye neziko ngenkcazo sele yakhiwe kutshanje, kodwa yena wayemthanda kunene ngenxa balapha kunye nabakhenkethi. Enyanisweni, le block isixeko rhoqo, oko nje zonke izakhiwo kulo zenziwe ngokuthobela yokubhala waseJamani. Ukuba ufuna gxwa emoyeni lwemithombo omdala Königsberg, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuthatha uhambahamba ezitratweni zayo. kwilali Fishing ibekwe kwisiqithi Oktobha, phakathi kwisitrato igama elifanayo kunye Pregel (umlambo).

Ezinye zeziganeko ezenzeka kuloo mzi, unako kwakhona uzive ukhululekile ukongeza kuluhlu: ". Izinto eKaliningrad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane" Abanxibe impahla, umzekelo, xa sixabise kunye bakithi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho izikolo ezininzi kunye namaziko ezemidlalo. Ngonyaka lobuntshatsheli lwengingqi.

Kaliningrad Museum

A Museum - kusoloko umdla yaye akubona kwaye obungabangeli mdla, njengoko abaninzi bekholelwa. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe nje into wena zibangel '. Njengeziko enkulu yommandla kunye nezithethe etyebileyo kwimbali nenkcubeko, eKaliningrad ukulungele ukunika iindwendwe bayo iimyuziyam ezintlanu sikhulu kakhulu idumileyo. Akukho mfihlelo unxweme lweBaltic abanobutyebi yegolide evuthiweyo. Kuyinto eli litye yaye yonke into enxulumene nayo, luzinikele omnye olondolozo lwembali. Kuye kwavulwa kwisakhiwo wembali (tower zokhuselo) ngo-1979 (jonga ifoto). yomboniso wakhe, ibekwe emagumbini 28 ziquka izihloko ezifana iimpawu evuthiweyo kunye ngembali yaso, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa, kubandakanywa owayephila, iinkcukacha wokwenziwa kunye mveliso.

isango Frindlandskie, eyakhiwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwi isimbo Gothic Ukuvuselelwa, ngoku ke imyuziyam. Exposition azinikele kwimbali pre-imfazwe Königsberg. On wamatye flat ukuba ubuye kwakhona yaphela emva komzi.

World Ocean Museum, yavulwa ngo-1990, lo yokuqala elolu hlobo. eyayichaza kwakhe enikelwe inqanawa, izityalo zaselwandle kunye nezilwanyana, zamanzi, yokuma. Ukongeza, ukuba uye kwithala yayo kunye seascape station eziphilayo. Iindwendwe ziya kufumana iintlobo ngokubanzi imiboniso, ukususela amathambo olukhulu a sperm kwingqokelela lwemipu antique kunye nezixhobo yomkhosi wamanzi, "Vityaz". Le okugcinwa ungaphila ukubona abemi kweelwandle neelwandlekazi, kubandakanywa piranhas afumileyo, stingrays kunye hvostokolov-t. D.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhankanya kwenye indawo emangalisayo, leyo ngokukhuselekileyo ifakiwe ezinika eKaliningrad nobumelwane.

Svetlogorsk - resort isixeko

Ukuba ibandakanywe kulo isihloko ixabisa ngenxa ukuba km 40 kuphela ukusuka eKaliningrad; ngqo kwi kwiBaltic kunxweme. A idolophu encinane inani labantu nje kwama-20 amawaka bekusoloko umdla kubakhenkethi kummandla elide. Sisihlandlo sokuqala oko ngembalelwano yomhla kunyaka 1258, xa la mazwe belimiwe yi Prussians. Ekubeni imbali elide kangaka, Kakade, esi sixeko ukunika iindwendwe zawo iintlobo ezinika. Phakathi kwabo - ecaweni yamaLuthere kwakhiwa 1903 (ngoku Sarov etempileni), ezikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo, imoto intambo, beach emangalisayo kunye ngaselwandle, sezinyuko, ezibhateni mzi, etc ...

EKaliningrad ukuba ibekwe kwi kuhlangana khona ixesha, iindlela ezimbini zembali. Kule dolophu endala esimangalisayo kunye ezintle, ke, kukho into ukuze ubone. In eKaliningrad ezinika ezivela zaphawula ezahlukeneyo yima ecaleni kwenye, maxa wambi ngokwahlukileyo ndlela Amazing kakhulu.