Ekondensa. I-eneji ye capacitor ebizwayo

Ukususela ekuqaleni kophononongo lombane Ukusombulula umbuzo zokuqokelelwa kobutyebi nokulondolozwa kwayo kwaba kuphela ngo-1745 Ewald Jürgen von Kleist kunye Pieter van Musschenbroek. Senziwe isixhobo Dutch Leiden ayivumelekanga ukuba yande amandla ombane kwaye usebenzise xa kuyimfuneko.

ingqayi Leyden - a capacitor prototype. ukusetyenziswa kwayo imifuniselo emzimbeni ikhuthaze ukufunda yombane kude phambili kunokwenzeka ukwenza umatshini we umsinga wombane.

Yintoni a capacitor

Qokelela isigxina sombane kunye nombane - le njongo ephambili yale capacitor. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ababhexeshi ezimbini xa igqunyiwe ngolu kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka omnye komnye. Isithuba phakathi ababhexeshi izaliswe nge Heating. ngecala ebibekiwe kwi ababhexeshi ezikhethiweyo heteronymic. Lo mhlaba ke iintlawulo malunga umdla ikhuthaza ngakumbi abekwe yayo. Le Heating unikwa indima ezimbini: oluphezulu rhoqo Heating, kokukhona capacitance umbane, iintlawulo abakwazi onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo kunye namandla.

umthamo zombane - inani esisiseko emzimbeni eziphawula ithuba bandisa isigxina capacitor. Guides iipleyiti ebizwa intsimi yombane lujolise capacitor therebetween.

Energy wabawisela capacitor, ivela sixhomekeke umthamo wayo.

umthamo electric

lamandla yenza kube lula ukuba isicelo (a capacitance enkulu yombane) of the capacitor. I-eneji ye-capacitor ebizwayo isetyenziselwa ukufaka ukubetha emfutshane yangoku xa kuyimfuneko.

Kuphantsi kweziphi amaxabiso zixhomekeke umthamo yombane? Le nkqubo iqala kunye capacitor sokutshajisa kokuxhuma electrode zayo nezibonda komthombo yangoku. Angemi kwintlawulo ipleyiti enye (ixabiso apho q) elithathelwa njengoko ndaziwisela umthetho capacitor. Intsimi wombane embindini phakathi electrode lunesakhono umahluko Kaya

capacitance Electrical (C) kuxhomekeke kubungakanani lombane egxile nomqhubi omnye kunye ombane intsimi: C = q / Kaya

Eli xabiso lulinganiselwa e-F (farads).

Umthamo we yonke Umhlaba ayinakuze ithelekiswe kunye capacitance le capacitor, ixabiso yayo malunga notebook. Ebibekiwe intlawulo enamandla ingasetyenziswa kwimizobo.

Noko ke, ukuba ukugcina inani mda umbane Emacebeni akwenzeki. Xa ombane kwandisa ukuya xabiso liphezulu capacitor yokuwa zingenzeka. Macwecwe namandla, nto leyo inokukhokelela umonakalo kwefowuni. Amandla a capacitor ityala kule meko ngokupheleleyo kukhuphiswano lwakhe.

Umlinganiselo wamandla

Zokufudumeza le capacitor kungenxa noguqulo lwamandla intsimi yombane ukuya embindini. Nokubanako capacitor ukuba enze umsebenzi kwi intshukumo yoyalo ibonisa ukuba kukho umthamo owaneleyo umbane. Ukuze ubone inkulu kangakanani na amandla a capacitor ityala, cinga inkqubo detente. I electric ombane intsimi U q intlawulo ubungakanani aqukuqela ukusuka plate omnye komnye. Xa inkcazelo, nangecandelo umsebenzi lilingana imveliso yomahluko olunokubakho lonke ubuninzi isigxina: A = Qu. Le ngokunxulumene sisebenza kuphela ukuba ixabiso ombane rhoqo, kodwa inkqubo ngokuchitha amacwecwe capacitor ukuhla kancinane zero yayo. Ukuze siphephe ukungangqinelani, sithatha umlinganiselo wakhe U / 2.

umthamo yombane evela ifomula kufuneka: q = NB.

Ngenxa yoko, amandla a capacitor ebizwayo icaciswa ngokomgaqo wokubala:

W = NB ^2/2.

Siyabona ukuba yobukhulu balo mkhulu oluphezulu amandla ombane kunye ombane. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo oko amandla a capacitor ityala, babuyele iintlobo zazo.

iintlobo capacitors

Ngenxa yokuba amandla yasendle yombane buzinze capacitor sihlobene ngqo capacitance kunye nokusebenza capacitor kuxhomekeke neempawu zazo zesakhiwo, sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo drives.

1. Imilo ye kumacwecwe: tyaba, zezindlu, ukulenza, etc ...
2. Ukususela utshintsho capacitance: ukusoloko (umthamo akawatshintshi), izinto ezitshintshayo (ukuguqula iimpawu ezibonakalayo, ukutshintsha capacity), izikhwezeli-. utshintsho Capacitance mazenziwe ngokuguqula ubushushu, mechanical okanye ombane zombane. capacitance yombane iipleyiti wasele capacitor utshintsha indawo utshintsho.
3. Ngokutsho uhlobo Heating: igesi, engamanzi, Heating esiqinileyo.
4. Ngokutsho imin Heating: iglasi, iphepha, mica, metallized, yodongwe, zingcakacile-iifilim ezaqanjwa ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo umahluko kunye nezinye capacitors. I-eneji ye-capacitor kuhlawuliswa kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu Heating. The main isixa ekuthiwa permittivity. capacitance lombane kisekiyo ngqo kulo.

plate capacitor

Makhe sihlolisise isixhobo elula zokuqokelela ityala lombane - a ekondensa flat. Le nkqubo ebonakalayo eliquka iipleyiti ezimbini ukufana phakathi kuyo umaleko Heating.

plates zefom buxande, kunye setyhula. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana variable amandla, kwipleyiti idla ityala kwifom wesiqingatha-adume ngazo. Ujikelezo elinye electrode xa kuthelekiswa omnye ibangela utshintsho ndawo amacwecwe.

Sicingela ukuba kummandla ipleyiti omnye S, umgama phakathi iipleyiti kuthatha d ngokulinganayo, permittivity lokufaka - ε. umthamo zombane kwenkqubo kuxhomekeke kuphela wew geometry we capacitor.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

I-eneji ye capacitor flat

Siyabona ukuba capacitance kuba umlinganiselo ngqo ummandla uwonke ipleyiti enye kwaye bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo therebetween umgama. 'Ngumlingani ka ukulingana - electric ε rhoqo _0. Ukwandisa ukusoloko Heating le Heating uya kwandisa capacitance zombane. Ukunciphisa indawo amacwecwe inika capacitors trimmer. Electric intsimi energy kuhlawuliswa capacitor ixhomekeke zejometri iparameters yayo.

Thina usebenzisa ifomula ubalo lendlela: W = NB ^2/2.

amandla Ukuzimisela ebizwayo imilo capacitor Planar yenziwa ngokomgaqo wokubala:

W = εε ₀ SU ² / (2D).

Ukusetyenziswa capacitors

Ukukwazi kwezi capacitors ngcembe aqokelele kagesi ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba ayinike isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ngeenkalo zobugcisa.

Compound kunye inductors ungenza iisekethe resonant, okucoca wesiphaluka ingxelo yangoku.

Iithotshi, yobisa, apho kukho ngokubonakalayo lwephanyazo ekubhobhozeni umthamo capacitor isetyenziswa ukwenza ukubetha kwentliziyo yangoku olomeleleyo. capacitor abize kwenzeka ukusuka kumthombo rhoqo yangoku. Ngokwayo njengento capacitor, waphula wesekethe. kwelinye icala ngalo isibane oko kuchitha ukuxhathisa encinane ohmic phantse ngephanyazo. Le electroshock le sakhi umzimba womntu.

Capacitor okanye ibhetri

Ukukwazi ixesha elide ukuze ugcine isigxina igcinwe inika ithuba elikhulu ukusebenzisa njengendlela media zokugcina okanye amandla lokugcina. Xa irediyo, lo propati isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Tshintsha ibhetri, ngelishwa, lo capacitor ayikho nako, kuba inomsebenzisi alahlwayo. Ebibekiwe amandla azo ayidluli ziijowule ezilikhulu ambalwa. Ibhetri ukugcina unikezelo enkulu amandla zombane ixesha elide, kwaye phantse angabi nankxwaleko.