Ikhono lomxhobi

Abaqhubi ababini, abahlukeneyo kunye nabafakwe kufuphi, bakha i-condenser.

Abaqhubi abenza i-capacitor bahlawuliswa ngobukhulu obufanayo kunye neentlawulo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisenzo kufumana i- capacitor ephathekayo equkethe ezimbini iiplati zetsimbi ezifanayo ezihlukeneyo zihlukaniswe ngumbumba weseleli. Umgama phakathi kwamacwecwe ncinane xa uthelekiswa nobukhulu bawo. Amacwecwe e-Condenser abizwa ngokuba yi-capacitor plate.

Ukuhlawula iiplate ngamacala athile aphikisanayo, unokubambathisa kwiipalo zombane wombane. Emva koko umrhumo ombi uya kudlulela kwelinye iqhekeza, ngelixa elinye liya kufumana inkokhelo efanelekileyo.

Unokudibanisa enye yamacwecwe kwisibonda somshini, enye enye ibe phantsi; Emva koko kwelinye ipakethi, ngokutyunjwa, kuya kuba nehlawuliso yecala elifanayo kwaye lilingana ngokumalunga nokuhlawulwa kwetafile yokuqala. Ukuba isitya A sihlawuliswa kakuhle, ngoko isitya B sihlawuliswa kakubi ngokungeniswa; Intlawulo efanelekileyo yeplate B ayinakunyulwa yi-electron ejikelezayo kwi-ipulangwe evela emhlabathini, okuyiyo imithombo engapheliyo. Xa i-charge B enobungozi ibhekiswe kwisityikityi esicatshulwa kakuhle, siya kufumaneka ngaphakathi kwendawo ephambili yebheke ejongene nayo A.

Ukuba isitya A sihlawuliswa kakubi, ii-electrons zamahhala zeplatyana B ikhupha isitya A kwaye iya emhlabathini, isitya B sihlawuliswa ngokuqinisekileyo.

Kwiimeko zombini, iindleko zijoliswe kuphela kwiindawo A neB ezijongene nazo.

Ukungabikho kweerhafu kwiindawo zangaphandle kwenza ukuba kube lula ukutshintsha iindleko kwi-capacitor ngamacandelo angaphandle amacwecwe. Ukuhlawulwa kwe-capacitor kugqitywa ngumrhumo wesinye sawo macwecwe, kuba kwelinye ngokutyalwa kukho inkokhelo elinganayo.

Sidibanisa isitya esinye se-capacitor kwintonga ye-electrometer, kwaye enye ipakiti kunye nomzimba we-electrometer zisekwe. Ukusebenzisa ibhola yokuhlola, siza kudlulisela umrhumo kwi-capacitor kwicandelo elincinane kwiingxenye ezilinganayo. Siyaqaphela ukuba xa inkokhelo yonyuka nge-2, 3, 4 okanye ngaphezulu, ngokulandelanayo, kwi-2, 3, 4 okanye ngaphezulu, ukunyuka kwamandla okukhulisa i- capacitor.

Eli xabiso, elilinganiswa ngumlinganiselo werhafu ye-capacitor kumlinganiselo okhoyo wamacwecwe ayo (okanye iiplate), ngumthamo wesakhono.

Ukuyichaza ngencwadi C, sinokubhala:

C = q / (φ1 - φ2).

Inkundla yombane yesikhalazi ixhomekeke phakathi kwamacwecwe ngaphakathi kwayo, ngoko imizimba ejikelezileyo ayichaphazeli amandla ombane.

Siza kwenza uvavanyo. Thatha i-capacitor ephathekayo equkethe iiplati ezimbini zetsimbi A ne-B, ezigxilwe kwi-insulators.

Sidibanisa isitya A ukuya kwi-electrometer, kwaye isitya B sisisiseko. Siyahlawula isitya se-A, i-electrometer iya kuqaphela umlinganiselo othile kwiingeniso ze-capacitor. Ukuba sisondela kwisiqwenga B ukuya ku-A, ngoko siyakubona ukuba ukuhluka kwezinto ezinobuncwane behla.

Ukunciphisa ulwahlulo olunokwenzeka lwamacwecwe e-capacitor ngenkokhelo engatshintshiyo kubonisa ukwanda kwesikhundla sakhe.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-capacitance ye-flat capacitor iya kuba yintloko, encinci umgama phakathi kwamacwecwe okanye encinci ubukhulu be dielectri edibene phakathi kwamacwecwe.

Ngokuhambisa isitya B ngokubhekiselele kwiplani A phezulu nangaphantsi, siza kutshintsha iindawo zeeplate ezithandanayo. Nangona ukuqwalasela ukufundwa kwe-electrometer, kunokwenziwa ukuba inkulu indawo yecala eliphambene kunye nekhono layo. Inkulu indawo yamacwecwe e-capacitor, enkulu inkokhelo ingagxininiswa kubo kwi-equality equity equality.

Siza kwenza elinye ulwazi. Ukwenza oku, cwangcisa iiplate ze-capacitor A kunye neB kwibanga lomnye nomnye, kunye ne-plate plate A.

Phawula ubuninzi bokohluko okhoyo xa umoya usebenza njenge dielectri. Ngoku sibeka phakathi kwamacwecwe ishidi lesilazi okanye nayiphina enye idielektri; Siyabona ukuba ulwahlulo olunokwenzeka lunciphisa nabo. Ukuliphakamisa kwinqanaba langaphambili, kufuneka udibanise isitya kwi-plate A. Oku kulandela ukuba ukutshintshwa kocingo lomoya phakathi kwamacwecwe e-capacitor nayiphi na enye i-dielectric kwandisa amandla akhe.

Makhe i-C₀ ibe ngumthamo wesikhululo, xa phakathi kwamacwecwe ayo kukho ukungabi nalutho okanye umoya, kunye neC isakhono sayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-dielectri.

Ukwahlukanisa C no-C₀, sifumana imvume yokulalisa idielektri ԑ:

Ԑ = С / С₀.

Ngaloo ndlela, enkulu yemvume ye-dielectric, enkulu yesikhundla segesi yamandla .