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Ekulweni rate PM - zingaphi imijikelo ngomzuzu? Makarov ngompu: Ukucacisa
Makarov ngompu (PM 9 mm) - ngompu semi-automatic ngo-1951, ngokubuyisela i TT ngompu kunye nenkqubo Nagant ivolovolo. Kuye kwasungulwa Makarov uNikolay Fedorovich, umyili eSoviet, nayo yaphuhliswa ezinye izixhobo aveze. PM, ilula kwaye zithembekile, kuye yaye uhlala kwinkonzo ne-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho semkhosini Russian Federation, kwakunye kwamanye amazwe amaninzi (Georgia, Syria, Latvia, iLaos, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Ukraine kunye nabanye). Noko ke, iRussia ngoku waye waqala ngokubuyisela i ngompu wakhe Yarygin, Wildcards njenge kunye nezinye iimodeli. Yintoni ifitsha kwesi sixhobo, siya eminye.
version luluntu PM
Ngenxa liyabonakala ethandwayo uguqulelo yayo non-ukulwa, njengaxa trauma PM "Wii" kunye nezinye uguqulelo (PM-RF, "Berkut", pmr, PMG, MP-T), kwakunye umoya kunye negesi (umz ngompu igesi "Makarych" kunye iimbumbulu ngerabha).
Iyahlala lula usebenziso ziye zenza ithandwa Makarov ngompu, ixabiso layo (ukususela nge-3 amawaka. Thambisani. Xa trauma kuba PM) nakho plus elungileyo kuzo zonke kuyo, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi civil Makarov ngompu. PM ku Russia amaninzi uzayo ngohlobo isixhobo womoya (kwakhona, ngenxa ingqalelo yayo). Kukho iindlela zombini basekhaya angaphandle. Umzekelo, MP-654 - ikopi IZHMEH Makarov ngompu.
Phambi kokuba kukhululwe "uMthetho Arms" kwi trauma ngokufuthi kuyasetyenzwa nje ukulwa PM (ebizwa-njalo oholaschivanie), kukuninzi zihleli Izitora amaxesha Soviet. Utshintsho kule zibe ncinci: le ibala 'umvelisi' kunye nezinto zokhuseleko, ezo musa ukuvumela ukuba shintsha kwi zilwe PM. Noko ke, ngoku, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi imifuziselo ezintsha ezingezo-kuliwe ezi remakes, kodwa bonke zenziwa ngezikrweqe ngentsimbi efanayo.
Le nkampani German UMAREX kwakhona uvelisa imifuziselo eziliqela, ezifana Umarex PM Ultra kunye Makarov kaThixo, 6 mm gas-itankana ngompu Legends Makarov. Le nkampani American SMG ikhupha uguqulelo Gletcher PM, nto leyo iba yenethiwekhi lizulu elimisiweyo. Inguqulelo efanayo kunye isakhelo esisigxina kufuneka Borner - inkampani eyahlukileyo eUnited States, unalo PM49 igama BORNER kunye ezenziwa e Taiwan.
ERashiya, njengoko inani elikhulu zokuguqulwa njengoko umlo (Wildcards njenge, na lowu ngakumbi umthamo - 12 rounds emthethweni, kunye iCartridge 9x18 enamandla ngakumbi), kunye yoluntu, ezifana "izimvu" 443 (ezemidlalo ngompu), MR-442 "SKIF" Polymer-wayakha kunye nothotho IZH70 azikhutshwa ziye emarikeni umpu wezemidlalo yorhwebo. Kwakhona Battle PM ibe inani zokuguqulwa.
muffler
Kukho imbono engachananga i PB ngompu - a PM kunye silencer oko luphawu asiyonyani. Nangona isibakala sokuba PB (ngompu cwaka) kwaye inxalenye ndiwuthabathile uyilo PM (evenkileni kunye njani inxaxheba ethe, indlela trigger), izixhobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwi-USSR, kwakukho iinzame ze PM kunye silencer, kodwa batch ngakumbi zovavanyo abazange bayifumane: inqanaba lokunciphisa isandi ngayo, kodwa ngenxa kungoluka buti ukunyuka kweqondo release buyisela emva, nto leyo ekhawulezayo indlela anxibe. Mhlawumbi, ke, ngo-1967 kwaye kwamkelwa le PB.
Ngoku amanye amazwe (China, USA nabanye) yenze akukho ulungiso ekulweni Makarov ngompu kunye silencer.
Yintoni ivolovolo Makarov
Olu khuphiswano, ebanjwe umkhosi yiSoviet ngo-1948, abangama-iinkosi yiSoviet eziliqela elinesibini. Injongo ukufumana indawo ivolovolo eziphelelwe Nagant kunye TT ngompu, wayeselapho kwinkonzo.
Tula Tokarev ngompu, kuphuhliswa ngowe-1930, ilula ngokwaneleyo kwaye compact, kube lula ukuluqhuba, kodwa iqela kuneengxaki. Omnye kubo abo amatyala kuqhume ezizenzekelayo (meko ichazwe kwincwadi "Phantse nzulu" uYuri Nikulin), ukwenzela ukuba umpu lowo abavumelekanga ukuba baqabe kunye elabalekayo ukuya iCartridge egumbini. Enye ethile eli kukungabikho nokubambezeleka kwesango. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni yokuba ixesha elide TT ngompu kwaziswa ukuba kuliwe intumekelelo, yaye zibiza lijoni okanye ubomi lwentsebenziswano, kuba maxa wambi ucanda phezu wesibini. Kwakhona ke impikiswano nezingeloncedo ezinjalo ukuba akukho ilungele zokudubula ukusuka tank embrasures. Nangona lo mqathango ngokubanzi ingqalelo eyinqaba, waphendula imipu German yena.
Ukongeza, kuba izixhobo eziyimfuneko eziya kuba ukukhanya, compact lula, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuya kukhokelela imeko ukudubula. Isampulu wanikwa umpu isiJamani "WALTHER PP", nto leyo engazange uqale kwaze 1929. Kwakukho imifuziselo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa waqaphela the best yoyilo Makarov ngompu. PM iye yamkelwa kwi-arhente Soviet ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nemikhosi exhobileyo iminyaka emithathu emva kokuba uphuhliso, ngelo xesha lo mshini waphucuka, wenza utshintsho ezincinane.
Nangona ingcibi Makarov yaye ndasiwa njengesiseko "WALTHER PP," yena silungiswe kakhulu kuyo. Yila isixokelelwano nemipu yokuphatha sele lula, iinkcukacha baba nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo, ukwanda ngamandla abo, kubangele ukwanda ebomini kwinkonzo nokuthembeka.
Eyaziwa production Makarov ngompu-1949, nto leyo zikwimeko elungileyo, nangona sele nastrel malunga amahlanu amawaka, kuqhuma. Oku isimanga, ucinga ukuba PM isenzo entwasahlobo yenzelwe yesi-4. Of kuqhume (lilo eli xabiso "umgangatho" ngenxa pistols ezininzi, umzekelo, kuba ngompu efanayo Yarygin).
Ekuqaleni, kube yimfuneko ukuba iimfuno contest ninikela umfuziselo kwiinguqulelo ezimbini, kuba ubukhulu 7h65 mm ne-9 mm. I-PM wasebenzisa iCartridge ukuvuleka 9h18mm endaweni 8h17mm. bullet ukuvuleka New ubonisa ukuyeka amandla ngaphezu imbumbulu 7,62h25 mm TT ngompu, nangona inamandla ngaphantsi. amandla Less wenza kube lula ukwenza ekuyilweni ngesango free kunye umphanda ezisisigxina.
Kwindawo yokuqala, ngenxa asezantsi amandla iCartridge PM yenzelwe zokudubula kuluhlu elifutshane, ukuya kwiimitha-50, nangona bullet ukuyeka amandla nto ixhomekeke m 350.
design
Njengoko kakuhle, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwizinto zexabiso isixhobo senyanga, ke ukugqithisela engundoqo yaba lever stop yesilayidi, wongeze Makarov. Shop PM ivolovolo kunye fuse nje got ezinye utshintsho. Ukudibanisa imisebenzi iinkcukacha kuyilo PM yenze kube lula yaye iindawo ngokwabo - kuba mncinane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa kwi "Walter PP". Umzekelo, uyilo isango ukulibaziseka Makarov ngompu umntu kugqame umsebenzi imikhono kunye namanyathelo emthonjeni kwakhona entwasahlobo kunye kubhenca, cocking ngokobuzwe, lo gama ekuseteni catch ukhuseleko - entwasahlobo isando nkobe. latches Lower spring ukugcina osezantsi mainspring.
"UWalter PP" yaba ukulibaziseka zokudubula kubangelwa yinto yokuba kwigumbi iCartridge spiked nge Wotho. Makarov nya phantse ngokupheleleyo le ngxaki baze bayiphumeza inkqubo nomlinganiselo ilungileyo ukuphakama egumbini iCartridge kunye kwithambeka Wotho, kunjalo, uhamba kunye nendawo eliphezulu iCartridge phezulu evenkileni, phantse ukuphelisa umngcipheko utykaniya iCartridge kwi Wotho.
Ukucacisa PM
Sehlakalo ipali eyodwa. Ngenxa lula womatshini xa kuthelekiswa "Walter PP" ukulwa rate yawa noko PM. Imijikelo ngomzuzu ungenza ngompu Makarov 30 nxamnye kuqhume 35-40 kule PP.
ngompu kunye Weight lowu epheleleyo 810 g
PM wabawisela Iimbumbulu 9mm (ngompu neekhatriji 9x18), ivenkile ngaba inobunzima lamaqhosha 8.
ubude umpu 161 mm, ukuphakama - 126,75 mm. Umgqomo 4 uye Makarov umpu rifling ukuvuleka 9 mm. Ubude le iCartridge PM ngu-25 mm, ubunzima chuck - 10 g, kwaye imbumbulu ngokwayo inobunzima 6.1 g
gun nganye lowu nanceba, holster, ibhanti ngompu kunye Hlikihla apha.
sokudubula ivolovolo
Intshukumo isekelwe kwi-PM ubuyela blowback. Ngenxa luthambe isemzimbeni nesiqu emthonjeni ukubuya kunye ubunzima shutter, ukuvalwa esiqwini kwenzeka. Ukuqala nge trigger evulekileyo, inyathelo kabini. Free beqhumisa pin kuthiwa kungakhokelela yokuthatha ezizenzekelayo xa lehla ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu, okanye ezinye negalelo elikhulu ngomatshini, kuba akanayo umthombo, nto leyo ayigcine kwindawo umva. Noko ke, Makarov akazange acinge oku kungenzeka ngokwaneleyo.
Xa emsebenzini, 'umnyele sifakwa yi kuvuthelwa izando nezixholo, apho philisi yi chuck eyaphukileyo. Intlawulo propellant ephakamayo, iigesi propellant ekhutshwe phantsi koxinzelelo apho kwibhulethi leyo betekisi ukusuka umphanda. Irhasi ezinoxinzelelo efanayo edlula emazantsi emkhonweni retracts ethole. Ubeke ejector iCartridge, ngokwenjenjalo ngokuveza entwasahlobo ukubuya. Phezu ukunxibelelana emkhonweni kugqame ngefestile shutter pops ngaphandle.
Omnye umahluko ukusuka 'WALTHER PP "- uyazihlaziya xa fuse. I-PP akukho shutter yokutshixa, ngoko ke recharge kunokwenzeka, yaye ZEBAKALA isango iyabhlokwa. Makarov ngompu angabekwa silumkele emva evenkileni lifakwa, kwaye kwigumbi chuck eyadala. Zingasuswa ngokukhuselekileyo cocked ihamile, wemka isikhonkwane ukudutyulwa iyabhlokwa kwakunye ephumayo xa fuse adubule phambili.
I "WALTHER PP" ngaphambi zokudubula lever yokhuseleko kufuneka kuziwe indawo ephezulu, kwaye PM - esezantsi, kulula ngakumbi. Le zishiywe ngasemva ethole. Xa phawu adubula kuye: 'umnyele yokuqala tsala lwenziwa emva yandisa iflegi fuse, uya kufuna amandla kakhulu (malunga 3.5 kg) njengoko' umnyele ukwakweli ferrule kunye cocked ngompu samovzvodom kusetyenziswa. Xa kuqhume elandelayo ihamile kufuneka anikwe kwindawo cocking, yaye edubuleyo uya kufuna ukudakumba encinane (1.5 kg), ebangela ixhomekeke kakhulu izinga kulwa le PM.
Yokuchaneka omkhulu, wadubula yokuqala emva kokuba ukususwa nompu ukusuka fuse singenziwa webutho aqala ngesandla ivule ngexesha elifanayo kulinika umva, kwaye kule meko ngenxa obethe yokuqala iya kuba ngobulungisa ukukhanya ngokucinezela adubule.
adubula elandelayo kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuba ukukhulula adubule
(Ekubeni PM ayenzelwanga ukuba badubula efolisiweyo). press nganye entsha iza kukhokelela ngomlilo de ude uye wasebenzisa zonke iimbumbulu yabo evenkileni. Kulo mzekelo, isango, emi yokumisa yesilayidi uhlala kwindawo ngasemva.
Iipatsi kunye neendlela Makarov ngompu
Le ngompu inamacandelo-32, yaye amalungu iphambili ilandelayo:
- evenkileni;
- slide catch;
- ifreyimu unogada asibambe nomgqomo;
- yiphathe ngesilungelelanisi;
ibangelwe (mechanism aqala) -;
- ngumthombo returnable;
- ivalve kunye nokhuseleko, ejector kunye obetha.
gun disassembly
Imipu, ngemipu ngokukodwa, kufuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo. Oku kuya kunceda ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga iziphene asakhulayo kunye nokuthintela iingxaki kunokwenzeka. Ukuba nokwenzeka Ukususwa epheleleyo kunye noluphakathi. Zalisa disassembly ayikwazi kwenziwa rhoqo, njengoko oku ikhawulezisa inkqubo banxibe iinxalenye mechanism, yaye kunciphisa ubomi nkonzo. disassembly Partial kwanele ukuba zihlolwe, ukusifaka lothintelo okanye ukucoca emva ukudubula, gcwalisa kuphela imfuneko nokucoca emva iimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo (hit ngompu emanzini okanye ikhephu, ukulungiswa okanye ukunyusela a igrisi entsha).
Kukho intaphane yemithetho ekufuneka ilandelwe ngethuba indibano kunye disassembly le umpu:
- Disassembly kunye ibandla lwenziwa kwindawo ehlambulukileyo;
- bahlanganise amaqhekeza ngokolandelelwano ibandla;
- iindlela Ukuphathwa ngenyameko, ngaphandle ukothuka ngesiquphe kunye nesicelo amandla ngokugqithiseleyo;
- xa hlangana pistols ezininzi: jonga i nakubalwa iindawo, ukuze ukudida iindawo pistols phakathi kwabo.
disassembly Partial nokucoca zihlolwe
Ivenkile isusiwe ukusuka kwisiseko umqheba. ngesandla sokunene otyebileyo sakhe, ngoko umva catch phephancwadi ukusilela ngobhontsi ekunene Uvalo yokulibazisa uqweqwe lwemagazini i ephethe inxalenye eveleleyo. Ngoko ke, lo ivenkile atsalwa.
Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba akukho iCartridge egumbini, kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukususa umpu ukusuka wabasiki, ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo ukubamba shutter yonke indlela umva, ngokuyibeka yokumisa kwisilayidi, uze ubone egumbini. Nasesithupheni Ilungelo cinezela stop yesilayidi sehlise shutter.
Oku kulandelwa ukwahlulwa shutter kwi esisezantsi isakhelo. ngesandla sokunene wathabatha umpu ngu handle yayo, ekhohlo - ezansi yabalindi adubule. Ingca indlela yayo ngasekhohlo kwisakhelo, ngakumbi imposiso ukugcina kulo sikhundla, isalathiso ekunene umnwe.
Ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo ukubamba shutter yonke indlela emva niziphakamise naye ngasemva, yaye ngenxa yesenzo emthonjeni ukubuya, kuya phambili, emva koko oko kwahlulwa kwisakhelo. Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba ukubuyela endaweni yabalindi adubule.
Susa entwasahlobo ukubuya. ngesandla sokunene ngexesha ubambe i handle yesakhelo, susa umphanda emthonjeni ngokuvula ngesandla sasekhohlo.
ibandla Procedure
Indibano iqala ukuze reverse, kunye ukubuyela kwindawo emthonjeni ukubuya. ngesandla sokunene ukuthatha isakhelo yi emphinini, kwaye ekhohlo ukuba ngumthombo yomqeshi. Okubalulekileyo: Kufuneka unxibe ngayo isiphelo, apho umjikelo wokugqibela ubukhulu incinane enye.
Oku kulandelwa ngokujoyina isakhelo shutter. , Ngesandla sokunene ubambe isakhelo handle isandla ekhohlo ephethe le ngesiciko, eyaziswa ekupheleni malunga itywina ijelo emthonjeni lokubuya, emva koko uthathe indawo enkulu kakhulu ijelo itywina nge waphuma ngaphandle inxenye isicheme. Emva koko, inxalenye ngasemva shutter ukuthoba isakhelo kunye imiqela yawo longitudinal kufuneka yanele kwi kwiindawo zokubeka yesakhelo. Emva koko, zinokuwehlisa, ngexesha ucinizela ngqongqo shutter. It uphantsi koxinzelelo kwesisipringi ukubuya kufika kwindawo phambili, uze uphakamise ibhokisi fuse.
Xa Wahlanganisa umpu akuthethi ukuvelisa unogada imbangela ngokumileyo ngexesha disassembly. Kuyenzeka ukuba ekuphakamiseni ekupheleni ngasemva shutter ukuze udonga esezantsi angaphambili ke wangcwatyelwa Crest wabasiki senyanga, elivimbela intshukumo kwasiso phaya emva.
Elokuphetha - shop emva emazantsi emphinini. Ukubamba umpu ngesandla sakhe sokunene, kwibhokisi uthotywe emazantsi emphinini ukufaka evenkileni, ephethe kunye nocikicane Uvalo esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo. Ukunqakraza ku cover phephancwadi, kodwa akazange hit isandla sakhe, awuse indawo ezinqwenelekayo apho ukuhla kwikroba yi-tab, kufumaneka ukususela ekupheleni eludongeni evenkileni.
Ukuze Ngaphezu kwako konke, khangela ukuba ibandla yenziwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, khawulitshitshise fuse, ukutsala umva kwaye khupha shutter. Ukuba yenziwe ngendlela eyiyo, ngoko, Wasikwa ke phambili umganyana, shutter kufuneka lenze yokumisa kwisilayidi, nto leyo iya kubashiya kuyo kwindawo ngasemva. Emva koko, nasesithupheni sakho sokunene lityhale kwasiso ukulibaziseka kwikroba. Phantsi yengcinezelo emthonjeni ukubuya kuyo ngamandla ziya kubuyiselwa kwindawo ngaphambili. Eza kuxhokonxa cocked. Emva koko ke kufuneka sithathe up ibhokisi fuse, kofika off 'umnyele kunye cocking kwaye ziya ivaliwe.
Ngobuciko nokuchaneka lomlilo
Edubula evela ngompu ukutshekisha idabi yenzelwa phezu kumgama 25 m ububanzi setyhula ekujoliswe-25 cm, leyo zixhonywe m ikhaka 1x0,5. Ukuba imingxuma ezine kunye kwisangqa ogama ububanzi ayikho ngaphezu kwe-15 cm, iipateni uthathwa eqhelekileyo. Xa emsebenzini, bullet unalo ngesantya 315 m / umzuzwana.
uhlobo Its Makarov ivolovolo uye intsebenzo entle nokuchaneka. kwiintsali ngexesha adubula radius 10 mm 35 m, 25 m - 75 mm, kwaye 50 m - 160 mm.
Ngokutsho owona umyinge wokuphelelwa PM kakhulu kunguhata ku PP, kodwa ke ibonwa eyona ngenxa nezinye izinto ezininzi kwaye iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, uhlala kwinkonzo eRashiya, yaye oku ifaniswa trehlineykoy odumileyo (sniper umpu Mosin, nto leyo eye kwinkonzo kunye Russian Army ukususela 1881 ukuya 1945). Nangona inkqubo Nagant ivolovolo udlula kancinane kubo, wahlala kwinkonzo kunye Army phantse 117 iminyaka. States abangenawo isikolo sabo zemveliso izixhobo, nje okwangoku ukuba kudlalwe PM.
Ke kaloku waqala ukutshintshwa chu kule PM kwi yeposi. Izinga somdlalo xa kuthelekiswa ne-PM umpu Yarigina kukho umahluko rounds 5 ngomzuzwana (35 y 30 y nxamnye IL PM) Kwakhona unalo umqolo-ezimbini yeposi store (18 rounds nxamnye 8 PM) kunye ngokuchaneka efanayo lokudubula. Velocity kuwugcina ngokuwubopha AES ngaphezu kwe-100 m / umzuzwana. Noko ke, IL into enkulu (198 mm ubude kwi 168 nxamnye PM) kwaye usinda (AES ubunzima - 910 g kunye iphephancwadi blank, ngu-100 g ngaphezu ubunzima PM kunye lowu ngokupheleleyo).
Kukho iindidi ezimbini rate sisalathisi: yobugcisa kunye emkhosini. Technical ebekwe ngayo kwimijikelo ezininzi ngomzuzu uyekele sixhobo, ngaphandle ixesha elifunekayo lokuba uyitshaje mavonelo (leyo ziyahluka ukusuka imizuzwana 1.5 ukusuka handguns, ukuya 20-30 umzuzwana kwindawo kwincam moya nesabham tyaba kwaye nkqo).
Icacisa oko izinga ukulwa PM ngompu 9 mm, xa kusenziwa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe njengoko amathuba kunye notolwana olujonge kunye neemeko zemozulu, rhoqo kwandisa ixesha efunekayo ukuwina. I-avareji bonke pistols semi-ezenzekelayo: 30-40 rounds ngomzuzu. APS (Stechkin ngompu ezenzekelayo) unika Amanani 40/90 bps (ngokudubula kuqhume abangatshatanga kunye Ungqabhuko, ngokulandelelana). Ngako oko izinga kulwa le PM kakhulu ixhomekeke phezu inaliti kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukugcina utshintsho.
Ngokutsho umyinge wokuphelelwa PM, kwakunye CT, inkqubo Nagant ivolovolo ugugile ophezulu, nangona kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zokugqibela, mkhosi kunye negosa. Xa amagosa 'ngompu' kukho isixhobo self-cocking. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izixhobo zikhutshwa eRashiya, yinto efanayo; ukuthembeka kunye usebenziso olulula, elula yemozulu embi (nangona oko akuthethi ukuphelisa imfuno nokucoca), kwakunye maintainability eliphezulu. Bekukho ngaphandle kunye nompu Makarov. Ixabiso kwakhona ebesoloko elamkelekileyo, nangona 'ivolovolo "kwaye babefuna kwimveliso yayo kakhulu kakhulu abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.
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