Electric ngamandla endle

intlawulo nganye yombane ezingqonge intsimi yombane. Ngenxa zesayensi zophando elide siye sagqiba ukuba intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqumrhu umthetho ngenxa yamasimi zombane ezazibajikelezile. Basimisela uhlobo ngokukhethekileyo umba, nto leyo kuhlangene zonke kagesi.

Study yasendle yombane ikhutshwa phandle ngokusungula kuwo umzimba ityala entle. La maqumrhu zibizwa ngokuba "iintlawulo test". Umzekelo, intlawulo uvavanyo njengokuba wayedla wamwisela ibhola isivalo.

Xa ufaka isimangalo uvavanyo esigangeni yombane lomzimba, leyo isimangalo entle, kulula ngokuqinisekileyo icala ezazixobula ibhola phantsi kwempembelelo yayo zitenxe ngakumbi, kokukhona siya wolisondeza umzimba.

Xa uhambisa isimangalo uvavanyo esigangeni yombane yaso nasiphi na umzimba ebizwayo lula ukubona ukuba amandla osebenza kuyo, kuya kuba eyahlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, xa zibekwe kolandelayo efanayo ingongoma intsimi ezahlukeneyo uvavanyo ubungakanani iintlawulo HIV q1, q2, q3, ..., qn, uzakufumanisa ukuba imikhosi ukwenza kubo, F1, F2, F3, ..., Fn yahlukile, kodwa umlinganiselo ukuba amandla kubungakanani intlawulo ethile le intsimi ihlala ithi:

F1 / q1 = F2 / q2 = F3 / q3 = ... = Fn / qn.

Ukuba ngolu hlobo iya kuphonononga amanqaku ezahlukeneyo entsimini, sinokuyifumana kwisigqibo ulandelayo: kwingongoma ngamnye endle yombane lulwahlulo amandla bafakela isimangalo yovavanyo ubukhulu le kwentlawulo kwaye gqolo kungakhathaliseki ixabiso yoyalo test.

Kulo kulandela ukuba ixabiso le ratio ubonakalise intsimi zombane nayiphi na amanqaku ayo. Ixabiso nto leyo kulinganiswa lomlinganiselo amandla bafakela ngentlawulo kakuhle zibekwe ngelo xesha zasendle, ubungakanani kunye sentlawulo yombane amandla nsimu:

E = F / Q1.

Ngako oko, njengokuba kucacile inkcazelo yayo, ulingane nomkhosi aye kwi iyunithi yerhafu omhle zibekwe kwindawo ethile yasendle.

Iyunithi ye ubunzulu yentsimi yombane ngokufumana ngamandla entsimini ebambeleyo kubungakanani isigxina iqela elinye ngamandla electrostatic of dyne nye. Le yunithi ubizwa unit elililo electrostatic ukugogeka.

Ukuze ubone zombane intsimi ubunzulu nayiphi q intlawulo indawo endaweni kwincopho olungenazo endle A yoyalo leyo siyahlukana ngayo R1 umgama, oku kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo engenasizathu intlawulo test q1, abale amandla Fa, nto leyo enza izinto kwimveliso (ongenawo).

Ngokutsho nomthetho Coulomb esithi :

Fa = (q1q) / r²₁.

Xa sithatha umlinganiselo bezimpi ezichaphazela isigxina kwixabiso q1 layo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala intsimi yombane ukugogeka kwenyeindawo A:

Uk = q / r²₁.

Unakho ukufumana amandla indawo B engenasizathu; kuya kuba silingana:

Eb = q / r²₂.

Ngoko ke, i electric intsimi ngobunzulu yerhafu indawo kwindawo ethile yasendle (e vacuo) ukuba bulingane ngqo ubungakanani isigxina kunye nobukhulu ngokomlinganiselo isikweri umgama phakathi kwale ngongoma kunye isigxina.

Amandla endle lisebenza iimpawu zayo amandla. Ukwazi ukuba nangaliphi na indawo yasendle E, kulula ukubala nokuguqula F, esebenza kwi q simahla kwindawo elinikiweyo:

F = qE.

I electric intsimi - esiyua nobungakanani. Direction kwemimoya kwingongoma ethile nganye endle kudityaniswe ulwalathiso kwemikhosi bafakela ngentlawulo entle ibekwe ingongoma.

Xa ukuyilwa amacala intsimi: q1 q2 - namandla E nangaliphi na indawo A sale yasendle iya kulingana isixa zejometri ka E1 kunye E2 kwempixano wadala kwindawo inikwe ngokwahlukileyo lihlawulisa q1 kunye q2.

Intsimi yombane nangaliphi na indawo ingabonakaliswa ngokwegrafu yi icandelo ngqo esuka kule ndawo, ngokufanayo lo mfanekiso amandla kunye nezinye izixa kumda wesangqa.