Emanzini Mercuric: Formula

Chemical izinto mercury sulphide ngendlela eyahlukileyo ebizwa cinnabar - yikhompawundi ayityhefu kakhulu. Yeyona mercury bezimbiwa kunayo yonke. Iye yasetyenziswa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo njenge colorant. Kodwa processing yale izimbiwa uyekele izinto eziyityhefu kunye abangele ityhefu. Ngoko ke cinnabar isetyenziswa kuphela nezokukhupha mercury, esetyenziswa kwishishini kunye namayeza.

Mineral mercury sulphide

Ibizwa ngokuba cinnabar. Eli gama livela udibaniso yamandulo basePersi 'igazi gongqongqo ". Oku yindlela emanzini mandulo East mercuric kunye nagama umbala walo obomvu. Ngomhla cleavage lo ilitye eliqaqambileyo kangangokuba ngumfuziselo nethontsi legazi. Emoyeni kubhaliwe ngokukhawuleza oxidized, ukufumana umbala oluhlaza-hina. kukho ngezimbiwa inqabile kakhulu ngohlobo ziikristale ngamnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubunzima eqinileyo okanye icwecwe. Cinnabar ifumaneka ngohlobo sizizifanya, soma kunye inclusions kwi lwelimestone nodongwe nasemaweni.

Enye ukuguqulwa i mercury sulphide bezimbiwa metacinnabarite. Le ngumgubo elimnyama kunqabile kakhulu kwindalo. Nkqu minerals more ukusuka sulphide lesigidi - yi Aktas, gvadalkartsit, opofrit, saukovit kunye nabanye.

Distribution endalweni

emanzini Mercuric - yeyona izimbiwa iqhelekileyo Emhlabeni mercury. It ukhandwa iidipozithi kolwandle kufutshane kumphezulu. Le ezimbiwa ke misela kunye zwi, pyrite, calcite kunye nezinye iintlobo zeegusha. Idiphozithi inkulu sulphide lesigidi, iye phantsi uphuhliso iminyaka engamawaka amabini, ukuba ibekwe eSpeyin. Ibizwa Almaden, apha livelisa malunga ne-80% loovimba zehlabathi lesigidi. iidipozithi ezinkulu nayo ndikho eSlovenia, Yugoslavia, USA. Ezinye kwimigodi yamandulo, yaye ngoku eRoma, kwi Donbass, e Central Asia, ku Primorye.

izakhiwo

Le ezimbiwa iqulathe ngaphezulu kwama-80% lesigidi. Ukuba yeyona ndlela iphambili yale ngentsimbi. Ekubeni mercury Kudala kwaziwa kwaye asetyenziswe kolu shishino, ngoko ke idla ngokusetyenziswa mercury emanzini. Ifomula weli HgS, kwelinye ikwabizwa ngokuba mercury kabi. yezimbiwa osemqoka iipropati yaso emzimbeni chemical:

• umbala obomvu oqaqambileyo;
• ngokuba chips - likhanya;
• yezimbiwa lamellae phantse ngaphaya, afana nekalikedo;
• It ulula kakhulu;
• Kuye ezixineneyo, ngoko kunzima kakhulu;
• lula kwaphela;
• xa ndinobushushu degrees-200, kunye kokukhutshwa nesigidi vaporized;
• iqhawulwa umxube nitric kunye asidi zehydrochloric.

History of ukusebenzisa

Ekukholelwa ukuba cinnabar sele abawaziyo eminye iminyaka eliwaka 15 eyadlulayo. Kuye kwafunyanwa ubugcisa eweni. Naxa eRoma yaMandulo, Egypt kunye aseByzantium sulphide mercury kufunxwa ukufumana intsimbi kunye ngombala yendalo obomvu. Amaqhekeza cinnabar sasetyenziswa nkqu nokuveliswa zezikhumbozo.

Le Iidipozithi endala esekhona ngoku, kukho eRoma, Gorlovka, kwi Fergana Valley e Uzbekistan, Tajikistan. zaye Zakha yinkohlakalo, abasebenzi babedla wafa yityhefu.

Cinnabar bawazisa kakhulu kumaxesha amandulo ngenxa umbala kwaso obomvu. Kwaye yayiveliswa iminyaka 500 BC. Ukongeza, kwakwenziwa kuso mercury. Le wentsimbi uxatyiswa kakhulu yaye sele isetyenziswa ukungafi amayeza. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo elikhethekileyo mercury ekuthiwa zesilivere ulwelo kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa alchemy. Le metal Waziqhiwula yena kwindawo evelele zonke experiments.

indawo yolwamkelo

Buyela e China yamandulo, yayifunyenwe kuqala cinnabar ngumntu. Xa alloying i mercury kunye abenzi bamachiza sulphur emanzini mercuric ebomvu Kwafunyanwa 9 leminyaka. Kwaye ke amagcisa zamaXesha Aphakathi kwimifanekiso bakhe sele kusetyenziswa cinnabar ngumntu. Ngoku sebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ukufumana mercury emanzini: nobushushu. Xa uvelisa mixed ezomileyo kunye mercury nesalfure itshiswe. Ngaloo wafumana into emnyama. sublime yakhe, uze ziyahlangana. Indlela emanzi iye yavavanywa ngenkulungwane ye-18. Kule mercury nesalfure triturated ngamanzi oxutywe soda abuhlungu. Emva zazo enzima wafumana emanzini mercuric ebomvu. Kodwa yena ukumelana kangako yaye ukukhanya emnyama.

Inkqubo yokufumana cinnabar ukungavani kuyingozi kakhulu ngabantu, njengoko zihamba kunye nokukhululwa iikhompawundi mercury ityhefu. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka kuphela elabhoratri ngokuthobela imigaqo yokhuseleko. Ukongeza, ukunqongophala cinnabar ngumntu kukuba ekugqibeleni ukuze libe umbala oluhlaza okanye phantse emnyama. Oku kwenzeka sele kule nwebu ipeyinti.

Ingozi weli

Mercury - metal inetyhefu kakhulu. A cinnabar nako kunokubangela ityhefu kakhulu baye bakwazi ukukhulula umphunga mercury, nokuba kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo. Nguwo ke lo chiza esinamandla neurotoxic. Ichaphazela ingqondo, luvo, kabi izintso wesibindi. Mercury umphunga ezi esha kunye inhalation buchaphazela iphecana sokuphefumla. Ngoko ke, ingozi mercury bobabo kwiklasi yokuqala - imichiza kakhulu eziyingozi. Ukuba ngobuthi abantu zenzeka unditsho, ilahleko koluvo, ukushwabana amaziko ebalulekileyo, ukudandatheka umsebenzi kwentliziyo, nemibono kunye nokufa.

emanzini Mercuric: yesicelo

Cinnabar - umthombo ilungileyo mercury. Kodwa ngaphandle koko ukususela kumaxesha amandulo le izimbiwa isetyenziswa njenge umbala egqame ngokwendalo. Cinnabar yayisetyenziswa njengendawo ipeyinti ngenxa yokudweba imifanekiso, zoba oonobumba abakhulu eBhayibhileni, imveliso njengesikhumbuzo. Xa iconography, njengoko inki isoloko isetyenziswa namhlanje. Kodwa peyinta zehlabathi ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba indawo ipeyinti isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, ekhuselekileyo. Ukongeza nemithi fyabo mercury emanzini yayisetyenziswa njengendawo ichiza olusebenzayo ngokuchasene negcushuwa, kubola kunye isisu.

Ngoku mercury enencindi cinnabar, lisetyenziswa kwi shishino:

• ekwenziweni ithemomitha;
• Electrical Engineering;
• Ukuzalisa izibane ezibengezelayo;
• ekuveliseni barometers;
• xa lemveliso izibuko;
• Brazing zesinyithi ezininzi kunye nezimbiwa zegolide;
• e pharmaceutics, umzekelo, ukuba kulondolozwe zokugonya;
• nditsho phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20 baba yinxalenye kwiziseko amazinyo;
• aluminiyamu mercury namanye isinyithi ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo anqabileyo;
• njenge fungicide kwezolimo.