Enyongweni: ukwakheka kunye neepropati. Le khemikhali Ukubunjwa enyongweni

Bile - yimveliso umsebenzi hepatocytes (iiseli kwesibindi). Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa into yokuba ngaphandle inxaxheba inyongo inxaxheba ukwetyisa ukutya akanakuba umsebenzi eqhelekileyo iphecana zesisu. Ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka kuphela inkqubo yokucola ukutya kodwa ukutya, ukuba ukungasebenzi kwenzeka kuqulunqo okanye utshintsho nokubunjwa kwayo.

Yintoni enyongweni?

Le juice wokudla, nto leyo yenziweyo isibindi. Oku kusetyenziswa kanye okanye zibekwe senyongo. Ziphawuleka iinkalo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo engamanzi eziphilayo esebenzayo. yena:

• Inceda i ekugayeni kwamafutha kunye nokufunxwa kwazo emathunjini;
• Kuthatha iimveliso inkunkuma evela egazini.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Bile na umbala ngabantu abazizityebi tyheli, nto leyo ihla esintsundu oluhlaza (ngenxa yokubola nedayi). Kuyinto oluselubala, ngaphezulu okanye viscous ngaphantsi ngokuxhomekeke ubude bexesha zokuhlala senyongo. It has a incasa eyomeleleyo kukrakra, livumba, yaye emva kokuhlala senyongo awana. ubunzima bayo ethile nama-1005 ukuya ibile ducts, kodwa kukhula ku-1030 emva kokuhlala ixesha elide esinyini inyongo, ngokunxulumene kongezwe ezinye amacandelo yencindi yomlomo.

izakhi

Bile, apho isakhiwo sisincoko kwezi zibonelelo zilandelayo: ngamanzi (85%), iityuwa inyongo (10%), yencindi yomlomo kunye zombala (3%), amafutha (1%), iityuwa (0.7%) kunye cholesterol (0.3%) egcinwe esinyini inyongo kwaye emva kwesidlo aphoswe emathunjini amancinci nge ye bile duct.

Kukho isibindi senyongo bile, ukwakhiwa kwawo lo boxinzelelo efanayo, kodwa eyahlukileyo. Xa kwisifundo sakhe ichonge ezi izinto zilandelayo:

• amanzi;
• acid enyongweni iityuwa zazo;
• yibilirubin;
• cholesterol;
• lecithin;
• isodiyam, potassium, chlorine, calcium;
• bicarbonates.

Maxa wambi 6 iityuwa senyongo bile ye asidi inyongo kunokuba esibindini.

asidi enyongweni

Ukwakheka chemical inyongo ikakhulu zimelwe asidi inyongo. Yolungelelwaniso yezi kufunda indlela engundoqo catabolism of cholesterol ezincancisayo kunye nendoda. Ezinye enzayim inxaxheba kuphuhliso asidi duct, ekhonyayo kwiintlobo ezininzi iiseli emzimbeni, kodwa isibindi - kuphela organ apho inguqu epheleleyo. asidi yenyongo (amagama abo) yenye yeendlela ezibalaseleyo ngenxa kukhuthaza izixa ngokugqithiseleyo cholesterol.

Noko ke, kukhuthaza cholesterol njengoko inyongo acid unganelanga yokungenelela ngokupheleleyo igalelo ezingaphezu ukudla kwakhe. Nangona ukuyilwa ezi zinto kukho catabolism umendo cholesterol, ezi zihlanganisi nazo zibalulekile kwi solubilization cholesterol, lipids, etyebile enyibilikayo iivithamini kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko, ngaloo ndlela kube lula unikezelo yabo esibindini. Umjikelo Ukwakheka iyonke asidi duct kufuna enzymes ngamnye 17. metabolites abaninzi bile acid zingabameli cytotoxic, ngoko kuyondelelaniswe yabo kufuneka kulawulwe ngqongqo kakhulu. Ezinye iimposiso ezizalwa emzimbeni zibangelwa yemfuza ezineziphene linoxanduva Yindibanisela asidi inyongo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukusilela sesibindi yabantwana abasaqalayo neuropathy abadala eqhubekayo.

Uphando lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba asidi duct abandakanyeka ummiselo ukutya yayo, ukulawula lipid ukutya kunye yokucola ukutya iswekile zinoxanduva lokulawula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ekuzalweni okutsha isibindi, kwakunye nokulawula ukusetyenziswa iyonke eneji.

nemisebenzi esisiseko

izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ziqulathe inyongo. nokubunjwa kwayo yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba akanayo i-enzayim kwezinye ukutya ukususela esiswini. Endaweni yoko, ukuba ibandakanya ubukhulu becala neetyuwa duct acids, ezinokuba:

• Emulsify amafutha kunye kubagungxula zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci.

• Ukuze kuncedwe umzimba ukufunxa iimveliso ukuqhawuka kwamafutha emathunjini. Neetyuwa ze asidi inyongo ukubophelela lipids uze ke uthi bangene egazini.

Enye ebalulekileyo umsebenzi inyongo kukuba liqulethe iiseli kutshatyalaliswa abomvu. Oku yibilirubin, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziveliswa umzimba ukuphelisa iiseli ezibomvu ubudala, ihemoglobin-rich. Bile ukwathutha cholesterol kwemfuneko. Yeyona imveliso secretion hepatic nje kuphela, kodwa libonisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ityhefu.

Zisebenza njani?

ukwakheka ecacisiweyo umsebenzi inyongo yenza ukuba isebenze njenge lunezinto, ukunceda ukuba emulsify kwamafutha ekutyeni ngendlela efanayo njengoko isepha iyachithakala grease. iityuwa yenyongo babe hydrophobic kunye nesiphelo esibamba. Xa zibethwa emanzini, ugalelwe ngamanqatha kwi emathunjini amancinci, iityuwa inyongo angemi ukuhla oyile niwubophe amanzi kunye namafutha iimolekyuli. Oku kwandisa kobuso amanqatha, ngokubonelela ngofikelelo iienzymes pancreatic ukuba ndoyidiliza amafutha. Ekubeni inyongo kwandisa ukufunxeka amanqatha, oko kunceda kwi kukufakwa asidi acid, cholesterol, calcium neevithamini etyebile enyibilikayo ezifana D, E, K kunye A.

asidi yenyongo awana abakwaziyo Nokwethisa amathumbu acid kwemfuneko phambi kokuba engena ileum ukuya ekupheleni inxalenye emathunjini amancinci. Le neetyuwa ze asidi inyongo ilifa ukusebenza bactericidal, ukubulala iintsholongwane ezininzi ezinokuba khona ukudla ozayo.

enyongweni

iiseli kwesibindi (hepatocytes) zivelisa inyongo, leyo oluhlala kwaye ujikeleze kungena bile duct. Ukusuka apho iya kungena emathunjini amancinci kwaoko uqalisa kuchaphazela amanqatha okanye oluhlala esinyini.

Kwesibindi ivelisa ukususela 600 ml 1 ilitha inyongo iiyure eziyi-24. Yenziwe ngoobani kunye neempawu utshintsho inyongo xa udlula kulo bile duct. Uxakaxa ngokuseka ukhupha amanzi kunye ibhiKharbonati yesoda, ngokwenjenjalo ngokuxuba secretion hepatic. Ezi izithako ezongezelelweyo ukunceda yokungenelela esiti isisu, leyo yeyela le duodenum kunye nokutya ngokuyinxenye zifunxe (chyme) ukususela esiswini.

Storage enyongweni

Isibindi likhipha inyongo ngokuqhubekayo: ukuya kwilitha 1 yezo yure zingama-24, kodwa ke eyona nto lugcinwe accumulator - isinye nenyongo. Lo mzimba ezibuhlazarha liziphose resorption yayo ngamanzi, sodium chloride kunye nezinye electrolytes egazini. Amanye amacandelo iityuwa inyongo ezifana cholic acid, cholesterol, lecithin, yibilirubin size sihlale esinyini nenyongo.

yoxinaniso

Senyongo bile lugxile kuba igcine igama ityuwa duct zeBlack ukusuka kulwelo eveliswe isibindi. Ezifana amacandelo ezifana namanzi, isodiyam, chloride kunye electrolytes, uze kuyenye ngokusebenzisa lwesinye.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba nokwakhiwa inyongo yabantu esinyini kuyafana esibindini, kodwa amaxesha 5-20 kanzulu xaxa. Oku kungenxa yokuba enyongweni senyongo iqulathe ncakasana iityuwa duct, yibilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, kunye nezinye electrolytes ngexesha ehleli etankini iye yangena egazini.

enyongweni

Emva kwemizuzu 20-30 emva kokutya ukutya ngokuyinxenye zifunxe singena duodenum ezili-12 chyme esiswini. Ukufumaneka kokutya, ingakumbi elityetyisiweyo esiswini kunye duodenum ivuselela nenyongo isinyi ikhontrakthi, nto leyo ngenxa yesenzo cholecystokinin. Senyongo lwesinye ukhupha duct buyasikhulula sphincter ka Oddi, okwenza ukuba iwele duodenum.

Enye inzuzo ukuncitshiswa esinyini inyongo - ke amaza luvo ukusuka luvo vagus kunye nenkqubo ama-luvo. Secretin, ekhuthaza ukuba secretion zepancreas, kwandisa inyongo secretion. ukusebenza yalo esentloko kukuba kukwandisa secretion amanzi kunye ibhiKharbonati yesoda ukusuka isifo bile duct. Le isisombululo yesoda kunye nebhiKharbonati pancreatic kwakufuneka Nokwethisa i esiswini acid ethunjini.

Enyongweni iqulethe ezahlukeneyo izinto - iiprothini, acid, iivithamini, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantu ezahlukeneyo babe inyongo une kuqamba loqobo nelomyinge ngamnye into eyahlukileyo lwesihloko ye asidi inyongo, zombala duct cholesterol.

Ukubaluleka kwe

Xa engekho inyongo ezi amafutha indigestible kwaye kutshintsha kwazona kunye ngendle. Esi simo kuthiwa steatorrhea. Endleni endaweni umbala kuphawu omdaka ipeyintiweyo kwi umbala omhlophe okanye engwevu lube namanqatha. Steatorrhea kunokukhokelela ukuswela izondlo: fatty eziyimfuneko kunye neevithamini. Ukongeza, ukutya udlula emathunjini amancinci (edla inoxanduva ukufunxeka amanqatha ukutya) kwaye iguqula nezihluma emathunjini. Kufuneka wazi ukuba lo Amathumbu amakhulu akuyonto iinkqubo processing of amafutha, nto leyo ekhokelela iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukubunjwa inyongo ziquka cholesterol, nto leyo maxa wambi kuqukaniswa kunye yibilirubin, calcium, enyongweni ukwakha. Ezi concretions zidla baphathwa ukususwa lwesinye. Noko ke, maxa wambi kubhangiswa iziyobisi kunye ukunyusa lamanani asidi ezithile inyongo ezifana ursodeoxycholic kunye chenodeoxycholic.

Ungatyanga (emesis emva ngokuphindaphindiweyo, umz) umbala emesis inokuba eluhlaza okanye emnyama omthubi, nobukrakra. Lo enyongweni. Ukwakhiwa emhlanzweni ngokufuthi esongezelelwe incindi eziqhelekileyo sokugaya ukusuka esiswini. Umbala inyongo idla kuthelekiswa umbala "ingca cut entsha", ngokuchaseneyo izakhi esiswini ukuba zana-yellow okanye emnyama emthubi. Bile duct wenziwamkhulu bangene isisu isivingco elibuthathaka, xa iziyobisi ezithile kunye notywala, okanye uphantsi kweempembelelo zokurhwaqela kwezihlunu enamandla kwaye ziba kulo duodenum.

ukufunda enyongweni

Ukuzibona indlela eyahlukileyo kokuphonononga enyongweni. Ubume, umgangatho, umbala, lexinene asidi kwiziqephu ezahlukileyo ukuze agwebe ukunyhashwa kwi njini kunye nezothutho.