Le matiloshe idumileyo ehlabathini: Columbus, Magellan, okanye wethu?

Ingaba ufuna ukufunda indlela igama matiloshe idumileyo ehlabathini? Ngubani na indoda ecinywe uthando yokuhamba kunye nothando ngenxa yezinto emangalisayo abamzukisa kangangeenkulungwane? Kunzima ukuchaza zonke adventures awela umnqobi yolwandle ... amabali akudala bame ukhaliphe elide iye babe ngabalawulwa iintsomi iintsomi. Ngoko ke ngubani na yena - matiloshe idumileyo ehlabathini? Ekubeni lo mbuzo, siya kuthini na, le luluvo, impendulo elula akunakwenzeka. Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, masikhumbule ukuba abahloli ezaziwayo-kakuhle ambalwa babeziindleko amanzi lonke ixesha.

Hristofor Kolumb

Mhlawumbi lo matiloshe idumileyo ehlabathini na Hristofor Kolumb, ngokuba discoverer of America. Khumbula ukuba Umatiloshe enkulu wayesiya ukufumana wamanzi ukuya eIndiya, apho kwenzeka ukuba bathenge nobulawu, kodwa umhambi zange ukuphatha ukufikelela ilizwe zobulawu. Ngoko ke ziwela eBahamas, nkqu suspecting abewenzile, mhlawumbi ukufunyanwa kakhulu kwinkulungwane.

Wandula Columbus wayecinga ukuba ndafumanisa kuphela isiqithi kancinane-owaziwa Asia. Isiphumo hambo yaba inani elikhulu yeemveliso ezintsha bazisa eYurophu ... lo ludumo ehlabathini.

Dzheyms Kuk

Le matiloshe yesibini idumileyo - uJames Cook yafikelela akwenziwanga kwaba nobuqaqawuli ngaphantsi. Sele eselula wayefuna ukuba abe babeziindleko koyisa elwandle, nokunqwenela womelela kangangokuba, ukuba phantse elivisayo, wazibandakanya inkwenkwe kwindlu enqanaweni ezithutha wamalahle. Le nkwenkwe ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba bafunda ukuba kwiminyaka emibini emva koko wathunyelwa kwi uhambo. Ngokusemthethweni, yena bekufanele ukuba ukubukela iiplanethi, kodwa ubukhulu becala nomatiloshe sifiso ukufunyanwa kumazwe asemazantsi, apho, ngokutsho amarhe wayephuphuma igolide kunye nezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo.

Yaba Cook yokuqala, ngubani nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba awele Antarctic Circle kunye ziyijikeleze Antarctica. Nangona kunjalo, lo matiloshe akakwazanga ukufumana nantoni na ngaphandle ngumkhenkce, nto leyo eyanyanzelisa ukuba ayiyeke le ngcamango. Kamva, Cook wagqiba ukuzama ukufumana indlela ulwandle eTshayina, kodwa yaphela ngelishwa yena ngaphezu for Columbus: njengoko naziyo, nje babulala bomthonyama Hawaii, apho iwele khona. Oku, eneneni, yabe injalo imbonakalo eemfihlelo adumileyo matiloshe.

kuFerdinand Magellan

Malunga lo mhambi kuyenzeka ukuba bathi lo matiloshe edumileyo, kuba yena wayekwazi ukungqina ukuba umhlaba ungqukuva. Waphetha ngaso ngokuya kulo, usiya kwicala ntshonalanga, abuyele ukuya ngasempuma. Endleleni yakhe Wasisusa kunxweme Atlantic yoMzantsi Merika. Ukongeza, nguye lowo wamnika igama Pacific Ocean, njengoko lonke ixesha, ngoxa inqanawa lalinqumla amanzi alo, babengayi kufuneka banyamezele nayiphi uqhwithela.

Magellan wayenza lee ngexesha ukhenketho ihlabathi, apho onke amalungu eqela aye ukubandezeleka ngenxa yendlala nezifo, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza revolution kwinzululwazi - ukungqina ukuba umhlaba ungqukuva.

Vitus wethu

Eli lelinye igama ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi oomatiloshe. Danish-wazalelwa Russian ngubani bagaywa agents, bakwazi ukuba babe nesimilo esihle kwi zezwe. Kungekudala, wabelwa ekufundweni Chukotka kunye ena. Wethu wakwazi negalelo ekudalweni iimephu ezintsha. Ngenxa yophando lwakhe, oko singqiniwe ukuba eKamchatka kunye Japan akanayo imida umhlaba, njengoko America kunye Asia awudutyaniswanga. Zonke wethu lokuvula kwakhokelela uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna ivumile kubamba Enkulu Northern hambo.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

Le "ndoda kunye umkhumbi" (khumbula, oko inkcazo wamnika umlinganiswa ikhathuni eSoviet ngunoposi Pechkin), mhlawumbi oomatiloshe abadumileyo imvelaphi Russian. Yena kakhulu langutana ni ngenxa yokuba inxaxheba uhambo ohambo Russian. It Kruzenshtern ikwazile ukubenza kwimephu Sakhalin. Ukongeza, Umlawuli waba ngumthetheli wenqanawa, waquqa ihlabathi, apho waba nako ukumelana nangokhwekhwe usebenzisa utywala! Wathenga inyanda yewayini, kwaye umntu ngamnye wafumana ibhotile yonke imihla ukugcwalisa noovimba ivithamin C

Ekubuyeni kwakhe nohambo Kruzenshtern wakwazi ukwakha i imaphu echanileyo emangalisayo, apho kuhlawulwa kuphela ukuba kakhulu Sakhalin, kodwa ekuthiwa-Stone mgibe. Lo mntu ixesha elide inxaxheba kuphando oluninzi ingqalelo ehlawulwa ekufundweni Pacific Ocean.

Le matiloshe idumileyo

Kunzima ukuba sinokuqiniseka ukuba yeyiphi oomtiloshe uchazwe apha ngasentla ziya kuqwalaselwa kakhulu obalaseleyo. Ngapha koko, ngamnye kubo wenza yezinto ezibaluleke waza wenza umnikelo isayensi, ngendawo. Le matiloshe idumileyo kubantu abaninzi - kodwa nangoku Hristofor Kolumb ngenxa ngohambo lwakhe nempembelelo imbali yehlabathi. Kodwa ezinye abahloli akukho ngaphantsi njalo, kwaye ke ufanelwe ingqalelo abantu ukutshintsha ihlabathi, ibatshabalalise imiqobo indawo.