Ephakeme kunazo eYurophu: incazelo neefoto

Okumangalisayo kukuba, kule nkulungwane xxi bakhanyiselwa kusekho mpikiswano eqhubekayo malunga yintoni na ephakeme kunazo eYurophu. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba oku Elbrus, kunye nezinye - Mont Blanc. Kubonakala ngathi ezinzima kangaka? Ngoncedo lwe ubugcisa bale mihla, unako lula ukubeka ukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle of enekona nganye. Kodwa angabekwa nje kungekho ngxaki. Ubude kunye Elbrus kunye Mont Blanc ziye zasekwa kudala ukuya isentimitha elikufutshane. Ingxaki ebuziweyo kwinkalo emdeni. Oko kukuthi, kwingxelo "ephakeme kunazo e Yurophu - ..." kufuneka sigxininise engekho ngaphantsi kweemitha, yaye yintoni intsimi njengoko ziqukwa ukwakhiwa kwale lizwekazi. Ke ukuba Mont Blanc icacile: peak Alpine - kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo eYurophu, i Elbrus ayikho simple kangaka. Makhe sijonge lo mba.

amanani umbuzo

"Intaba White", i-Mont Blanc, ubuxoki kwicala elisentshona Alps kwenkqubo, emdeni eFransi Italy. Le uluhlu kwakhona waba nengxaki kagunyaziwe ehlelo. Kodwa elinye icebo. Emva kokuba ukulahleka nokuzimela Duchy of savoy, intaba nentlambo ngeenxa ngokuphindaphindiweyo udlule Italy eFransi and vice versa. Ke kaloku, emveni kokuba Dweba eYurophu kwixesha kwemfazwe, kwafunyaniswa ukuba incopho ephambili Mont Blanc likwaqhuba ndawo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngaloo ndlela, elele kwithambeka Saint-Gervais idolophu ngowam eFransi, yaye Courmayeur Ski, ekufuphi nalapho - Italy. Ukuphakama Mont Blanc ifikelela iimitha 4810. Okulandelayo kuloo kwincopho ezinde uluhlu ezinye top, kuphela obuphantsi kancinane ukuya entloko. Le Blanc de Courmayeur (ngaphezu 4.700 meters), kwaye nkqu Grand Bos, Rocher de la Turmetov kunye engaphezu kweshumi ezine-thousander. A ukuphakama Elbrus - kangangoko kangangeemitha 5642. iqhawe olungenamiqathango! Lo mbuzo kwenye indawo. Yeyona ephakeme kunazo eYurophu okanye Asia, intaba njengesiqhelo?

umba kwimida

Njengoko yaziwa, uhlobo uthando phambili kunye ngobuqhophololo. Amazwekazi zibe omnye komnye. Ukuba akunjalo kuba le wethu Strait, walibumba ukuba kwakude kudala ngemilinganiselo ngokwezelizwe, naseMelika ayeza ihlanganiswa Eurasia. Kodwa umntu - usisidalwa bezinye iintlanga: Nika kuye imida ecacileyo. Ngoko ke, lo ukwahlulwa ilizwekazi lethu eYurophu Asia - onombono ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Nangeendlela ezininzi apha, ngaphandle kwendawo, ezopolitiko obandakanyekayo. Ukususela ngexesha uHerodotus ukuya amahlanu zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwaba ngaphezulu okanye ecacileyo ngaphantsi. Umgca lahlule phakathi eYurophu Asia, wathabatha kwenzeka kufuphi nonxweme noLwandle Kara kwi kwincopho engundoqo ye Urals, uze emva koko isekelwe phezu komlambo eponymous, ngoko ngaselwandle lweCaspian ezisemantla kunye, alandelayo kwi-Main Caucasus Ridge, kuLwandle Black. ndawo Further wacanda Bosporuss kunye Dardanelless. Xa kwiMeditera, ukudideka kwavela: unxweme Turkey mihla - yi Asia, yonke wasemantla - Europe, nasezantsi emanzini Afrika uchaza. Inkqubo zilungelelanise Elbrus - ephakeme kunazo eYurophu, kuba ifumaneka kumntla kummango ezingundoqo eCaucasus.

Unganelanga-Union Society Geographical

Kwi umda phakathi eYurophu Asia, kwaba onke acacile de 1958. Le ukudideka baqala fault-Union Society Geographical. Pundits Nathwala zokuhlaziywa kolwabiwo norms elide-lusekiwe. Lanquma ukuba kuphosakele kunqumla kwinkangeleko yendalo. inkqubo entabeni Caucasus kokuba zichongwe ezinjalo, nangona umahluko ezicaceleyo iimpawu zemozulu kwamathambeka basentla nobasezantsi. Ngendlela efanayo, yaye seza kwimimandla amanzi kunye neentlambo emlanjeni. Enye linenxeba lalo usiba zonke phambene yabalinga ngokupheleleyo eYurophu kunye eCaucasus - Asia. Ngenxa yoko, Elbrus, ephakeme kunazo eYurophu, okuphakama ukuya kwiimitha ngaphambi Mont Blanc 832, wayengekho entabeni yokuqala kwilizwekazi entsha, ukulahlekelwa kakhulu Everest.

iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo

Ngexesha amaxesha Soviet, abemi omnye anantandathu ilizwe bahlala bodwa ukusuka kwakutshabalala ihlabathi. Kwaye ke asikho kwi "Intsimbi lwaseRashiya." Ubugqwetha asinto nje ingcamango yokuba ukuba ubomi bufana phantsi capitalism esonakala, kodwa kakhulu kude umgaqo concepts cala. Ngoko ke, kuzo zonke iincwadi zezifundo yejografi eSoviet Union kubhaliweyo ukuba umda phakathi Europe kunye Asia ubaleka ecaleni empumalanga ye phambene Mountains, ngoko (amanqe) kwi umlambo Emba de ayajika kuLwandle lweCaspian, ngoko elunxwemeni emantla amanzi kumthombo kwi Kuma River. ndawo olandelayo badlula Kuma-Manych Ukudakumba ukuya Don, uze emva koko umlomo wakhe, uLwandle Azov. Ngenxa yeli candelo nje kuphela Elbrus, ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu, yasiwa Asia, kodwa zonke Taman Peninsula.

Yintoni ingongoma?

Kodwa ke zama ukuthelekelela indlela yokuqiqa ... Hayi, zejografi hayi eSoviet nabo akabafuni kabani bakhonza. Ekupheleni kwezi 50, iMelika hayi kuphela oyimbangi iphambili eSoviet Union, kodwa kumazwe Western aseYurophu. Le ngcinga i CPSU Central Committee (egubungela yonke imiba yoluntu), ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo yali kobungxowa yoohlohlesakhe. USSR kwafuneka ukuba ndime ndedwa, yaye bekholelwa ukuba izinto ezincinane kuya connect with eYurophu, ngcono. Isibakala sokuba Mount Elbrus - ephakeme kunazo eYurophu, yaye kwangaxeshanye, eRashiya liwuthuthumbisa kakhulu ubunkokheli eSoviet. Ngoko ke, lo umda ehlaziyiweyo phakathi eYurophu Asia. Koku, kwaye Wazazi ngengqibelelo yomhlaba zendalo, esona sizathu oyinyaniso esi sigqibo.

Ingxabano phakathi labobalawuli

Ngaphandle kokuba isigqibo All-Union Society Geographical yaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo 1959 ezixhaswa yi-World eziGeophysical Congress, amazwe amaninzi abayinanzanga ezintsha eSoviet. Kunye na ukungangqinelani ezisekho nanamhlanje. Umzekelo, ibhekisela weefayili anegunya kakhulu "Wikipedia". Inguqulelo IsiNgesi ithi ukuba umda phakathi eYurophu Asia uhamba "... yomlambo i phambene Mountains, phezu komlambo eponymous, uLwandle lweCaspian neCaucasus emzantsi-mpuma ..." Oku kuthetha ukuba kumazwe amaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ephakeme kunazo eYurophu - Mount Elbrus. Kodwa version Russian unika iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

Legacy encinane elidlulileyo

Nangona yiSoviet Union eside, amanye amalungiselelo alo sisahlala ezingqondweni zabantu. Ngoko ke, yintoni aya kumxelela ukwazi obefuna Russian-ngolwimi "Wikipedia 'inyaniso geographical? Yiyiphi eyona ntaba iphakamileyo eYurophu? Kubonakala ukuba umda phakathi eYurophu Asia, olu guqulelo lwe weefayili yeHlabathi ichaza umoya kwizibhambathiso ezithile kunye nokusonjululwa ka 1958 kwaye eyamkelekileyo ingqiqo ka "ngonyawo lwempuma yeso Urals, Mugodzhary, Emba, unxweme ongasentla woLwandle lweCaspian, phezu Araks, Black and Marmara iilwandle ..." Yintoni sibona kule mihla unyango? Inkqubo lonke Urals, njengoko yaphakanyiswa ngowe-1958, uthathwa ukuba eYurophu. Kodwa kananjalo ingqalelo, kwaye lonke eCaucasus! Umda New ihamba ecaleni Araks River, ophuma emazantsi ezantsi kwenkqubo yentaba. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-uguqulelo Russian-language of "Wikipedia" Elbrus - ephakeme kunazo eYurophu. Iifoto kwincopho ezigqunywe likhephu-humped ezibini lihombise inqaku ahambelanayo.

uphahla Russia

Lifikile ixesha lokuba sithethe Elbrus. Yintoni na yena, ephakeme kunazo eYurophu, yaye kunye ne-Russia? Kubonakala ukuba mlilo. Noko ke, saphela. Kuqhuma lokugqibela, ngokutsho zokuma abaye bafunda lwentaba, waba 50 AD. Kwakhiwa phezulu bicornuate, njengabanye zaseCaucasus, iminyaka zizigidi ezingamashumi amabini eyadlulayo. Le ntaba ukwakweli umda phakathi republic Russian ka Karachai-Cherkessia kunye Kabardino-Balkaria. Mu kuya kwa nshita Mont Blanc, esibhakabhakeni bristling encopho ezininzi yeNtaba Elbrus ezimbini kuphela kwabo. Ngoko ke, eneneni, enyeleni cone mlilo. Therebetween malunga ezintathu neekhilomitha. Highest - top yasentshona. East - ezisezantsi kancinane (5621 m ngaphezu kwamanzi elwandle). Kodwa iinqwelo phakathi iincopho ezimbini akuthethi ukuwisa ngaphantsi kweemitha 5300. Abalumkise ukuphakama Elbrus Academician K. Wisniewski ngo-1813. Owokuqala Leyiseka, Kakade ke, phezulu empumalanga. Oku kwenzeka ngoJulayi 1829. Kwathatha phantse amahlanu eminyaka, ukuba unyawo umntu iseti kwi kwincopho wasentshona Elbrus. Le Incopho eliphezulu eYurophu boyiswa ngo-1874 liqela mountaineers British. Wathatha uhambo F. Grove. Ke phakathi vulindlela yaye Balkar And Sottayev.