ESt Andrew kaThixo Cathedral Kronstadt: kwimbali, iifoto

Sinikezela ukuba uqhelane nomnye iicawa ezininzi odumileyo Russian kunye nembali umdla kakhulu. Cathedral eSt Andrew kaThixo Kronstadt - eli phupha ethetha Peter I. Le ukumkani wabona ikomkhulu Russian "like Amsterdam." iziko kwayo ibekwe kwi Vasilyevsky Island.

Ingcamango uPeter Omkhulu

Ukususela 1716 ukuya 1718 ngokwemigaqo yophuhliso Isixeko echazwe ndawo, apho wayeza kuba Cathedral eSt Andrew e-Kronstadt. Obekumele ukuba aqonde phambi iikholeji elinambini. Ubomi Ikamva leli Ibhunga ke ngoko kubonwa ngumthombo wenguqu ixesha uPetros, eyayinesihloko ngokwenkolo. Ngoko ke, Cathedral eSt Andrew e-Kronstadt yayinenjongo yokumanyanisa hayi kuphela abemi belizwe lethu; i-Orthodox, amaKatolika, amaLuthere, - kodwa basemzini zibe eyenza enye ngaphandle imida, zamaKristu. Ukwakhiwa kwamandla ayo wempangelo iye yabonisa umanyano Christian Europe kunye norhulumente Russian.

Noko ke, imigudu ngurhulumente kunye izikhulu ndibeke Cathedral uPetros I yaba lilize. Phambi kokuba ilitye yokuqala sabekwa isiseko salo, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

Vasilevsky Island de 1719

On Vasilevsky Island de 1719 eyayikho phantse akukho izakhiwo, ngaphandle ezingontsini Menshikov kunye nebandla somthi kunye nabo, kwakunye yokuhlala French, apho kwakuhlala amagcisa basemzini. Emva 1719 waqala ukuba zenziwe ngomthi nangelitye kunye nezakhiwo zesicwangciso evunywe yi Peter I.

Qala zolwakhiwo siqithi

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, obumiselwe indawo esemthethweni ibaluleke kakhulu (iibhodi), laqalisa ngo-1722. Apha, kwi kwisikweri phambi kwabo, * uKhesare wayezimisele indawo elizayo ibandla.

UCatherine I, umfazi uPetros, ukuba ilifa itrone emva kokufa kwakhe, iinjongo iqabane obhubhileyo siyahlukana ngokupheleleyo. On Vasilyevsky Island yi kwiibloko ixesha iindlela elizayo kunye nezitalato sele zichongiwe. Ngenxa imfuneko yokwakhiwa webandla ngokuba abakaHam babemi phezu siqithi, yamkelwa isigqibo ukutshintsha indawo yokwakha elizayo. Kuye kwanikwa kwikona lwelayini 6 kunye Bolshoy Ithemba, apho kuya kufuneka ukuba ube ecaweni ilitye kwexesha. Kodwa kuqala, saqalisa ukwakhiwa elenziwe ngamaplanga, yexeshana.

Ibandla lokuqala

Bookmark isakhiwo ngo-1728 yaye yagqitywa. Ukwakhiwa sagqitywa ngowe-1731. Yaba ibandla eqhelekileyo esinemigangatho enye, ogama iifestile walunguza Grand Avenue. umbhali Le projekthi ayaziwa, kodwa umntu kuthathwa ukuba George. Trezzini.

Ngowe-1732,-8 Oktobha, Feofan Prokopovich ungcwalise icawa entsha egameni Andreya Pervozvannogo. Abefundisi zaye kwabalelwa ababingeleli ezintathu. Abahlali Vasilyevsky Island ngoNovemba 1733 ziye kunganxulunyaniswa ummiselo eBhodi Spiritual Church iSt Andrews. It watyelelwa ubuso ezininzi adumileyo St. Petersburg, oko nokuba mayixhotyiswe yobukumkani. Ngelo ezinkonzweni amisiweyo, ebibanjwe ngoJulayi 30, 1745, oko wathabatha isifungo Trediakovskii Lomonosov. Le ibandla phantsi ukusekelwa kwintsapho yomlawuli. Anna Ivanovna wayemthanda utyelelo lwakhe. Wanika imali impahla kunye nezambatho. A mangcwaba encinane onganeno ibandla. Apha, ngokwesithethe, wangcwatywa BF Dolgoruky, Senator, omnye kumaqabane uPetros.

Ukwakhiwa ebandleni entsha ilitye

Amarhamente ngo-1740 lwaba Anne Ioannovne waza wamcela ukuba ukwakha ibandla ecaleni ilitye. isixeko ngokutsha iKhomishoni Aprili 5, 1740 eligunyazisiweyo ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo ilitye entsha, ngoku elibaselwe ngumoji (kwi endala kwakubanda kakhulu). Sele nyaka mnye, ngoAprili 21 thaca icebo. Umbhali wale projekthi kwakhona ayaziwa, kodwa wezakhiwo O. P. Trezini Meyi 29 yazisa ibhodi Yokomoya ukuba isakhiwo uya kuba phantsi kolawulo lwayo.

I-Sinodi Ngcwele Juni 2, 1740 egunyazisiweyo ukwakhiwa, esithi ukuba isigqibo igama liya kuba emva zokwakha. Ekwakhiweni ibandla emva kwexesha elithile sanikwa iintlobo zezixhobo, iinzipho kunye lime, eseleyo emva kokuba ukulungiswa kwezindlu e St. Petersburg, apho wayehlala khona Ambassador Persian kunye neqembu yakhe.

Ngowe-1760, 17 Oktobha, ibandla ilitye entsha eyakhiwe isitovu ukufudumeza yamiselwa egameni le-Hierarchs ezintathu. Cathedral eSt Andrew e-Kronstadt ise emnyango ecaleni kwisakhiwo, xa kukho ucingo kwicala lasekunene kuyo. Icawa entsha ilitye isakhiwo emibini, okoxande kwicebo, phezu slab ongaphantsi. Igubu kuyinto encinane, libe, imigangatho zenziwe nakwiingqameko zalo lilitye Zomnqamlezo. Ithathwe ibandla ikhaya Menshikov iconostasis endaweni yayo yema de 1827, emva kwayo indawo entsha leyo kwakunikelwa icawa endlwini Titova, uMajor-Jikelele. Kwi workshop FA Verkhovtseva othengisa eyaziwa, wawenziwe ngo-1861 poods of izambatho zesilivere, yenzelwe kwesibingelelo eliphezulu. Kalvari umfanekiso ngeminqamlezo ezintathu zazihonjiswe nayo.

10 iintsimbi zabekwa kwi yomtshato intsimbi ende yecawa entsha. Zidume yokukhala zabo ezintle. Polyeleos kunye Uvuko - mkhulu kubo. Le Cathedral kwakhona idume iconostasis lwayo ngomthi yobuciko. Ngelishwa, igcisa owabhala le icon koMsindisi (Grigoriya Bogoslova, Vasiliya Velikogo kunye Ioanna Zlatousta), naye uhlala ayaziwa.

yokubekwa Nemikhosi lebandla lwamatye eSt Andrew

intlekele enkulu kwenzeka ngo-1763, 4 Julayi. Church Wooden eSt Andrew ngalo umbane yetotshi ilayite. Yena akazange uvikele ngomlilo. Sinodi wavunyelwa ukuba ukwakha 6 Oktobha endaweni elinyukayo ngamaplanga zokwakha ilitye Kronstadt eSt Andrew kaThixo Cathedral. Imbali eneenkcukacha kokwakhiwa kwale isakhiwo inqaba intsimbi kunye neentloko ezintlanu, ngelishwa, ayaziwa. Ngowe-1764, 18 Julayi, kwakukho ngokubekwa kwesithethe isonto (ingezantsi inika umfanekiso naye).

Cathedral eSt Andrew e-Kronstadt namhlanje ukhangela ngaloo ndlela. A. I. Petrov, eSt Petersburg mbali, uthi kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Imbali of St. Petersburg" Alexei ivanov waba yimbangi projekthi. Nangona kunjalo, oku sele iqinisekisiwe. Ayikaqondwa emifanekisweni imbali kunye nokwakhiwa yecawa, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba 1766, ngoAgasti 8, ngaphakathi ibandla ngexesha imisebenzi inciphisiwe nkundla. Lomhleli AF Bendingazi, umbhali kweprojekthi, uye wabanjwa. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo ukuwa abangela impazamo umbhali, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi kokujonga apho kuloo ndlu yecawa yagqitywa. Uncwadi yehlabathi neecawa, umhla ngqo kokugqitywa yayo alukhankanywanga, kodwa isakhiwo ngowe-1950 yaye sifakele ilitye lesikhumbuzo, ngokutsho leyo, yayakhiwe kwiminyaka 1764-1780 (lokwakha - Wiest).

konogumbe

Emva koMkhukula kwenzeka ngo-1824, lo Cathedral mqolomba wazala ngamanzi. Abefundisi wayeyalele ukuba alale ukuphepha izikhukhula kunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo kunye ukuvala umnyango wangaphambili kwigumbi kuye abangevayo.

altare ngamatshe

March 10, 1848 kwagqitywa ukuba uhlomele kumacala omabini la maqonga amatye yecawa. Kuthetha kubo yaqokelelwa amarhamente. Project lomhleli - H. Kama. Chapel le ilungelo egameni Kwingcingane Lady yethu, nangasekhohlo - egameni H. eMira. Baye babekwa 1848, ngomhla wama-31 Julayi, wazingcwalisa kwiminyaka emibini kamva ngomhla we-15 Oktobha. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwakubonakala ngathi, njengoko kubonisiwe kule photo, eSt Andrew kaThixo Cathedral (Kronstadt).

IBandla isiba elikhulu

Ngokuncama yabarhwebi amarhamente AI Timenkova kunye V. A. Frolova ngo-1850, izahluko ezintlanu yecawa kunye intsimbi Tower ihonjiswe sigcwele hardware entsha. Interior umhombiso kwaguquka 1858. Ku bese-babulawa ukupeyinta Iingqameko neendonga, redid lo iconostasis, nezidanga ihonjiswe phezu neengqameko kunye ezimnyama. iconostasis Three-tiered eyenziwe, oqingqiweyo, nengubo. Elinesine imifanekiso amacandelo yesibini neyesithathu zaye ipeyintwe yi wegcisa Shishkin. Iconographer Poshekhonov wabhala ezimbini wenze yokuqala.

Kunye ibhunga ukuba umzekeliso abahlala yakhiwa entendelezweni yendlu ilitye a. Waye ukuya ku 1826 luluncinane, enemigangatho emibini. Kwi imali yecawe ngo-1826 ukwakhela kumgangatho wesithathu.

Umlilo ngo 1897

Ngowe-1897, ngoJulayi 24, malunga nentsimbi yeshumi ebusuku, kwisiqithi kwabonakala ukuba evutha ibingenamongo ngokwaneleyo. Into yokuba Ikhanyisa eSt Andrew kaThixo Cathedral (Kronstadt). Etempileni indulumbane izihlwele, kukho icala eyahlukileyo uleqa mlilo. Ikhupha gilding of uphahla ngexesha wokulungisa elilandelayo. Xa inxalenye ephezulu ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo wambamba ngomlilo ngeenxa kwawo isonto kunye iplanga ngomthi. Ngenxa imigudu abacimi nesibindi yaye wabuya wazivusa, kodwa inxalenye kophahla ngexesha elifanayo ubunzima.

Bayahlelwa Cathedral of St. noAndreya kule minyaka Soviet

Ngowe-1918, ngoJanuwari 23 lazisiwe umthetho SNK, njengoko apho icawa wahlukana kurhulumente. Kuye kuchazwe ukuba akukho ubomi zonqulo kunye nebandla akakwazi ngumnini propati. Yonke impahla yabo sabhengezwa impahla yesizwe. ICawa baphulukana nempembelelo yayo iintliziyo neengqondo isizukulwana esitsha, yenziwa kangangeenkulungwane, ukususela, ngokwale ummiselo sikolo ahlukane ecaweni.

Emva eziliqela iindawo zelizwe (uninzi onke - ummandla iVolga) ingene zembalela ezingaphezu komlinganiselo ubeke izigidi zabantu nganeno ngaseludinini yindlala, i-Februwari yiSoviet Government 23, 1922 wakhupha umthetho. Zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo bebandla ukuba urhoxiswe kwiitempile ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngurhulumente kuthenga ingqolowa aphesheya.

Konke okuxabisekileyo Andrews Cathedral zathinjwa ngoMatshi 1922. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye ababingeleli, ababemelene oko, babanjwa kwaye zigwetywa.

Amalungu lixakeke ekuqaleni 1938 wabanjwa yi-NKVD, uze emva koko ithuthwa ukuba Levashovsky kuhlakulwa. Apho shot. Cathedral Kronstadt St. Andrews, ifoto yayo thaca kule phepha, yavalwa May 16, 1938. Abebandla sakwazi ukukhwela phezulu ngamaplanga iconostasis kunye neebhodi. Ngenxa yale iyaphila unanamhla oku oyidingayo, leyo uyazingca Kronstadt. Cathedral eSt Andrew, nto leyo elondolozwe ngoku yingqokelela imyuziyam, eqeshwe iminyaka emininzi yi-Institute of Anthropology ezizwe. , Kwaza kwakho abantu abahlala A: indlu enomgangatho ezintathu, neya de-1974 kwakuhlala kwinzala yababingeleli.

uzakubuyiswa ibandla

Church of the Hierarchs ezintathu wabuyayo July 15, 1991. Waye watshintshelwa uluntu Cathedral eSt Andrew yakhe ngonaphakade. umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa yaqala ngo-1994, yaye namhlanje eSt Andrew kaThixo Cathedral (Kronstadt) ibuyiselwe. Aba iminqamlezo kwi belfry kunye amajukujuku, nophahla indawo, kwakunye ukulungisa senziwa. Metal iimpahla zaye zathengwa isibingelelo kunye etroneni, kwakunye icons ezininzi kunye neepleyiti ibandla.

Indawo kunye schedule kweenkonzo

Namhlanje ibandla liyasebenza. Nabani na ndwendwela Cathedral eSt Andrew kaThixo Kronstadt. Idilesi: Vasilevsky Island, umgca-6, 11. iiyure Intshayelelo: yonke imihla ukususela 9 kusasa ukuya 7 pm. Ngalo naluphi na usuku, unako ukuza inkonzo eSt Andrew kaThixo Cathedral (Kronstadt). Ishedyuli nkonzo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inkonzo ibanjelwe 10 kusasa, isivumo - at 9:30, ngokuhlwa wenziwa ngentsimbi 17.