Eziphilayo of nomngundo. ezinqabileyo ziintlobo ezisengozini nomngundo, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana Russia Red Book

Ukuqokelela ikhowa emahlathini, abambalwa sicinge ngendlela yokuba, efana nezinye izityalo kunye nezilwanyana abe phezu kwala kancane yokutshabalala. Ezinye ngazo bezisoloko extinct kwaye kungekho besaguga kwilizwe lethu. Yintoni na le eziphilayo amakhowa? Yaye yintoni njengangoku sisengozini yokutshabalala?

Yintoni indima ikhowa eziphilayo?

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba amakhowa zifuneka kuphela ukutyiwa ngabantu. Kakade ke, ukuba zintle kwaye ngeendlela eqhotsiweyo wayipheka wome, zifakwa. Noko ke, ukongezelela ndahlukane umntu uziva ulambile, badlala indima enkulu kwi-ecosystem lwehlabathi. Isibakala sokuba kwaba akadliwa isiqalelo edlalwa kubalulekile nje kuphela kodwa nalo lonke uhlobo.

Umzekelo, iintlobo saprophytic ezinzwaneni recycle iintsalela engafunwayo kunye nemveliso nezinye izityalo, kwakunye nangexesha ngamandla kubuya yinxalenye izinto emva emhlabeni. Xa oku wagawulwa amakhowa izinto lula wendele ngamanye amalungu eziphilayo. Zeziphi iintlobo ezinqabileyo ezisengozini nomngundo, ufunde.

fungi Mycorrhizal ezimila imithi, ukubonelela "imfuneko abamelwane relationship 'yayo ukuba ibingenakunyakama. Amagwele zithathwa yamnandi ekrwada kushishino ukutya izinto. Penicillin ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni penicillin.

Ngokufutshane, amakhowa ziluncedo yaye kuyimfuneko ukwenzela uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo kwezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ngenxa kwamahlathi, abaninzi kubo zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. Qho ngonyaka iintlobo ezisengozini amakhowa bekhula nje. A Inani iintlobo luncedo kunciphisa. Ukuthintela ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo mushroom, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ncam indlela Uhlobo usengozini.

pineal Amanita, okanye umviwa kwi yokutshabalala kuqala

Enye iintlobo zokuqala fungi kuluhlu i ezinqabileyo Amanita Strobiliformis. Yinto mushroom pretty nice olungummeli Isiqu emhlophe kunye cap. Yena ido- inyama emhlophe, kwaye ezinkulu nezikali emboxo, ezinkulu, phantse Likhonkco bath kumbindi imilenze. Ubude bayo ngu 8-15 cm kunye nobubanzi -. abameli 4.2 cm ngaphambili ubudala olu hlobo baneempawu ipatheni onemigca fringing unyawo ngundo.

Akumangalisi, le mushroom onge libhekisela ayinakutyiwa. Kunokuphazamisa kwaye emva pretreatment ukuba adle ngaphandle koloyiko yityhefu. Ukuba unomdla izilwanyana ezisengozini ikhowa eRashiya, oku kanye uhlobo ekufuneka lokukhuselwa. Ngokutsho ulwazi lokuqala, i amanita pineal ingafunyanwa kwi-oki lommandla Belgorod.

Sparassis crispa, mushroom okanye ikhaphetshu

Le mushroom yesibini adinga ukhuseleko - sparassis crispa. Ngenxa kubume engaqhelekanga cap nto ibizwa ngokuba i mushroom okanye ikhaphetshu emqhokrweni wengxondorha. mkhuhlane ezinqabe kakhulu ezityiwayo, endingowakhe ukuya sparassidaceae usapho.

Ngokwangaphandle, kubonakala ngathi kukho sponge ulwandle okanye intloko oselula zekhaphetshu kwifomu ezandisiweyo. intloko yayo ngokumila ungqukuva okanye okudodobalisa ungqukuva 5-20 cm ubude kwaye malunga ne-6-30 cm ububanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha Ubunzima umzekelo Akumangalisi unako ukufikelela 6-10 kg. Khulisa olu hlobo kufutshane imithi kunye kwizikhondo.

Kusenokuba ukhetho itshintshela kwiintlobo ezisengozini ikhowa eRashiya, njengoko kwenzeka kwilizwe lethu kunqabile kakhulu. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo sparassis kwakubhalwe njengoko ezisengozini. Ngelo xesha yokuqokelela layo kwindalo kuyathintelwa, ngoko abanye abathandi fungi eyenziweyo yakhulela kuyo.

Ngenaliti, kodwa lokhwalimanzi

isakhiwo okungaqhelekanga inomnye ummeli nomngundo ezisengozini - raincoat inaliti. Lubonakala bubukho iminqwazi ngeenxa kunye ameva ezininzi. Sangqa umzimba wayo -. 2-4 kuphela cm It ifakwe esikhulu ngeenxa intloko-ikepusi kunye nemilenze nje elingephi. Ezikuyo lo mkhuhlane in coniferous enomthunzi kunye namahlathi avuthulukayo. Zikhula phezu kweenkuni kwaye wambu ukubola. Kukho iikopi single.

ezisengozini amakhowa Red Book: Boletus white

Enye mushroom ezintle ezityiwayo, leyo ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela - Boletus ezimhlophe. Lingcwaba lomfo Lektsinum uhlobo kwaye umbala omhlophe iimpawu kunye nevumba mushroom entsha. It elongate umlenze kunye amancinci okanye ukukhanya sinombala flake lume yaye rounded intloko encinane i ubudeki jikelele malunga-25 cm.

Ukuhlangabezana nale mushroom banokuba kwiingingqi iLeningrad, Penza, Murmansk kunye eMoscow.

Anyamalale mushroom ilimaze okanye Gyroporus Cyanescens

Ukuba unomdla ezinqabileyo ziintlobo ezisengozini amakhowa, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo mushroom ngomvumbo emangalisayo. Ziintoni iimpawu zayo? Le mushroom elikhulu umnqwazi elingqingqwa, ufikelela ububanzi of 5-15 cm. Kuye umnqwazi tyaba okanye khaxa kancinci angwevu-brown okanye mdaka-omthubi. umlenze wakhe ngokufanelekileyo elingqingqwa, kunye ukuqina esisekweni. Ubude imilenze, ngokokuqhelekileyo le 5-10 cm kunye nezinyuko - cm 1.5 ukuya 3.

Ukuba kubukrazula i mushroom kunye ngokwaphulwa, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba utshintsho bakhe umbala esisiseko umlenze zaphuka. Uya kujika emsi okanye emfusa. Fumana mkhuhlane ukuba ugalelwe okanye amahlathi wofika phantsi birches, mioki kunye nemithi nezompleyini. Noko ke, indalo kunqabile kakhulu, ngoko lubalwa semngciphekweni.

mushroom Red nge velvet umnqwazi

Ukunikela ingqalelo zonke iintlobo ezisengozini zezityalo kunye nomngundo, asinakukwazi xelela malunga makhowa nezompleyini. Le iintlobo pileate ezintle Amakhowa tubular kunye kwizele imibala sinombala, kuthembeke ngaphakathi. Kubonakala ngathi ngundo emhlophe, ngokungafaniyo yintoni na nezompleyini-brown okanye cap kubomvu-mdaka enobubanzi ukusuka mm-40 ukuya 110.

Oku kunokubonwa eCaucasus emazantsi eRashiya kunye Western eSiberia. Ukhula ikakhulu kwisithuba ukususela kuJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba. Kuyinto kunqabile kakhulu kwindalo, yaye ke ngoko mazifakwe kwi-Book oluBomvu.

frondosa Grifola Onge, okanye ngundo-yegusha

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo yintoni na iintlobo ezinqabileyo ezisengozini nomngundo, ahlawule ingqalelo frondosa Grifola. Le mushroom enokutyiwa unique ukuba engaqhelekanga crispy isakhiwo umzimba iziqhamo kunye malunga nama-80 cm. Amaninzi ezi fungi bayakwazi ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-10 kg.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mushroom-yemvu iquka inani elikhulu oonobumba abancinci caba ayikho ngaphezu kwe-10 cm ubukhulu. Ngaloo ndlela bonke zikaCAPS imilenze ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwisiseko eqhelekileyo ncedo ngemali.

Le Umngundo ikhula ngokufuthi emazantsi imithi ezifana maple, beech, nezompleyini. Ezinqabe kakhulu. Yeyiphi nezinye iintlobo ezisengozini nomngundo, siya kukuxela.

cortinarius Unusual purple

Cortinarius violaceus - mushroom ezintle, eyafunyanwa eLeningrad, eMoscow, Murmansk, Tomsk, naseNovosibirsk, Kemerovo, saseChelyabinsk, Vologda kunye nemimandla Sverdlovsk.

Cortinarius - na mushroom ezityiwayo, ukuba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-Violet umbala. It has pincushion cap enobubanzi kwe-15 cm, kwaye high micingeni 6-12 cm aphezulu 1-2 cm ububanzi. Inxalenye yayo ephezulu kukho inqwaba.

Imithi lingzhi mushroom

Le ezinqabileyo ziintlobo ezisengozini zezityalo kunye fungi kufuneka zibhalwe kwaye oku Ganodermovyh usapho ummeli saprophytic njengoko lingzhi mushroom. Le mushroom nice tyaba, iqheleke kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba yi "mushroom yokungafi" okanye "Ling Zhi". It has a umphezulu cap agudileyo, abomvu, nangwevu okanye nemfusa ashinyeneyo enemithi yintlama.

osemqoka yayo ezi izondlo ukuba iqulethe. Kuyinto ngenxa kuye ngenxa yale ngundo kwenza tinctures amayeza.

Ukukhulisa mkhuhlane, nto leyo ifakiwe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, kummandla Amur, eJapan, Korea kunye neTshayina. ERashiya, eqhelekileyo North eCaucasus, kwakunye kwi Krasnodar kunye aseStavropol imimandla.

ubobo Unusual staghorn

Ukufunda izityalo ezisengozini, umngundo kunye nezilwanyana, umntu asingekhe silibale malunga ngundo enjalo engaqhelekanga, staghorn ezifana ubobo. Le ummeli mushroom inqabile kakhulu, lunamacandelo ezintandathu yemeko nokunqaba, kwaye lol amangcwaba indalo.

Ubobo na isakhiwo engaqhelekanga kwaye zibukeke kusikhumbuza iikorale emhlophe zaselwandle. It amila kwizikhondo kunye neziqu zemithi (kakhulu - malunga ezinde Aspen). Ifumaneka koovimba Russian Federation kwi kummandla Lake izimvu eMpuma eSiberia. Okuqukiweyo kwiNcwadi oluBomvu.

Ziziphi amakhowa zithathwa anyamalala?

Kwikholam ethi "eziphilayo of nomngundo," kufuneka zenziwe abo amalungu, ezifana:

• Felloriniya knobbly.
• Veselka Hadrian.
• enamagumbi Omfalina.
• Pholiota uglelyubivaya.
• Geopiksis namalahle.
• Karbofil nabanye.

ngonyaka ngamnye, olu luhlu ukhula nje. Ndiyavuya ukuba fungi ezininzi ezinqabileyo ngoku abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukukhula artificially. Le ndlela, ngokutsho iingcali, kuya kunceda ukunciphisa iintlobo extinct ngayo izinto.

iintlobo Rare zezilwanyana nezityalo Russian Federation

Njengoko ubona, uluhlu lothotho "iintlobo ezisengozini kwaye extinct of nomngundo" ungaya phambili kunye. Kodwa ukongezelela nomngundo, izityalo ezininzi, izilwanyana neentaka nazo zisengozini wako. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi izilwanyana kuba shrew owahlukileyo eSiberia, bat Daubenton kaThixo, brown Usana, ihlathi-emathafeni KwiMarmot, lokhwalimanzi esiqhelekileyo, amaxhama Siberia kunye nabanye. Ziintaka ezisengozini ziquka Grebe enkulu crested, Grebe omkhulu crested, okanye, ezinjengookhwalimanzi gray, nengwamza omnyama, flamingo omkhulu, irhanisi ebomvu-breast kunye nabanye.

Phakathi izityalo zisemngciphekweni lokutshabalala: thoroughwax balahleke, Kitagawa izimvu, angustifolia Dory, Alfred zibhetyebhetye kunye nabanye.