Ukwenziwa Slavic ithi: imiqathango, iimeko kunye nezizathu. Eyokuqala ithi Slavic

beza abantu baseMpumalanga kummandla woLwandle Black kwasekuqaleni njengoko BC yesithathu. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu baye ahlala kumazwe amaninzi. Apho bakuvela, ngubani ookhokho bethu? Xa yokuqala Slavic karhulumente? Makhe sihlolisise le miba.

prehistory

Kanye BC nkulungwane yokuqala, Slavic ahlala kwimimandla yabo, baza baqalisa ukwenza urhulumente, baye baziwa kancinane. Ababhali-mbali kunye izazinzulu-abaphandi, asekelwe kwiisethi ubungqina, kuba kukholelwa ukuba ookhokho bethu ubuchule ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo elizweni, kubandakanywa Balkans naseMpuma Europe.

ulwazi esemthethweni malunga ezizweni aguqulelwe kowokuqala karhulumente Slavic, ingqalelo iirekhodi kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe emva uKristu. On ngokuseka ezinkulu-scale wakhumbula ngokunxulumene nesibakala sokuba kwiindawo ezingqonge abanye abantu ababezama ukuba kuchithwe kubo.

Ukwenziwa Slavic ithi: iingcamango Table kokuhluma

Nangona izazinzulu ezininzi baphuhlisa lo mba, iimbono zabo kakhulu efanayo. Kukho imibono ezintathu kuphela achaza indlela kwakukho karhulumente lokuqala Mpuma Slavic. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha, kwakunye ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani kakhulu ngokukhutheleyo kulondolozwa ize iphuhliswe ezi mfundiso:

ngokwayo

Sijonga imfundiso kakhulu boqobo. Eziyi-80% yabo mbali banamhlanje bayavuma ukuba ukuyilwa Slavic States baqalisa amandla ngokwayo. Yaba umanyano olukhulu nezizwe ezininzi. We wadala ukuze bakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokudibeneyo nxamnye nazo zonke iintlobo iintshaba, nto leyo bathi umhlaba ochumileyo. I-Union kwakungomnye, ubuncinane engenabungozi. Izizwe, ebizwa Amandla Kakade ke, kuphangwa ngokubanzi uceba zokuhlala ekwanti.

Kubume bayo baba izizwe babehlala kummandla mihla;

• Moravians,

• yayingamaSerb,

• Czechs,

• Slovaks,

• Croats.

Iziko le yahlabeka kwidolophu ekuthiwa Visegrad. Wema phezu komlambo Morava. Igama protogosudarstva lakhe ifunyenwe egameni yinkokeli. Self ikwazile zimanyane phantsi umyalelo kwezizwe zakhe-saa kanye.

Inkokeli imithetho imashumi mathathu, ukuqalela kunyaka 623 yaye ukuya ku 658. Wakwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinkulu. Dibanisa isekwimo omnye izizwe kakhulu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba onke amandla ngokwalo iye yanxulunyaniswa kuphela charisma benkokeli. Ngelo xesha, xa efile inkokheli, yaye yaphela.

umbuso Bulgarian

Ukwenziwa Slavic ithi - yinkqubo ende. Yaba ngamathuba stop, zibuyela kwimeko yangaphambili. Emva kokuba iGunya ngokwalo sahlukana kunyaka 658, yinto senze elide. It yaphazamiseka ngo-681, xa kukhankanywa wokuqala wobukumkani Bulgarian.

Kanye sangaphambili, yinto uhlobo umanyene apho izizwe silwe zimanyene. Loo Alliance ngcono ukuba zifake intsimi entsha. Ubukumkani Bulgarian wayebunjwa izizwe nokuxubana Turks. Ukususela loo ngokuncedisana sele kwinkulungwane yeshumi, kukho i-National yaseBulgaria.

8-9 leminyaka iwela uphuhliso liphezulu zoBukumkani. Ngelo xesha nokuxubana zezona uhlanga zimbini kwezi ndawo. Nokuphuhlisa inkcubeko, uncwadi, izakhiwo. Bulgarian Kingdom ukho Butha esebenzayo nxamnye Byzantium.

Ukuvela ithi Slavic waba disadvantageous gqitha kuyo. UMbuso baseByzantium baba wakhuthaza impahla yawo emhlabeni, kodwa ngequbuliso phezu ukuxhathisa abantamo.

Xa abenzi bemilingo yobukumkani umbusi wakhe linguSimon. Wakwazi ukuba uwine emva intsimi ukuya kuLwandle Black kunye nokudala eyinkunzi ukuya Preslav.

Emva wafa ukumkani, izifundo baqalisa imfazwe ngaphakathi kurhulumente. Wonke umntu wayefuna ukuba ingaxuthi ngenxa kummandla wakhe sesizwe ngcono kwaye emakhulu.

Ngowe-1014 kwafika ekupheleni ubukumkani Bulgarian. Ngenxa amadabi zangaphakathi, umkhosi wakhe woyisa umlawuli yaseByzantium ngaphandle kobunzima. Basil II, wawoyisa, wazimfamekisa ngamajoni 15,000. Ngowe-1021 ikomkhulu yathinjwa Bulgarian Kingdom of Srem. Ngelo xesha linye urhulumente ayikho.

Moravia

Emva kweli xesha isakhelo apho ukuyilwa ithi Slavic, yaba Moravia Omkhulu. Power kwabonakala njengelinge azikhusele ekuhlaselweni lutshaba izizwe zaseJamani ngenkulungwane yesithoba. Ngelo xesha baqalisa ukuba libe feudalisation zobundlobongela eYurophu. Abalimi abaninzi amancinci baye bazama ukubalekela Moravia kunye kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni ukuze aququzelele ukuxhathisa ngamandla knightly yezikhulu. izizwe saa ngaphambili encedisayo.

Ngexesha Svjatopolka kwi nelizwe zifakiwe: Pannonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia kunye Poland Minor. Njengoko iintlanga Slavic edlulileyo, e Moravia kwakungekho ulawulo engundoqo. Inkoliso yaba yinxalenye manyano imimandla wahlala phantsi yinkokheli yabo okanye ngukumkani. Yaba ikomkhulu Velehrad.

Ngowe-863 Moravia kwafika ngamaKristu okuqala kunye uCyril Methodius. Ukuba nempembelelo kakhulu kwi ukuyilwa lokubhala kule meko yaye onke amaqela Slavic.

Moravia kwanda ngexesha ubomi bakhe ebukumkanini Svyatopolk. Ekufeni Priste, kunye naye yafikelela esiphelweni kunye norhulumente. Lo msebenzi osemqoka eqhelekileyo zonke zolwakhiwo yamandulo nokuxubana. Ngomhla kummandla yangaphambili Moravian wahlasela Magyars, yaye emva kwabo - i mbuya. ESlovakia wahlukana eHungary, i-Czech Republic kunye nesiqalo khona elizimeleyo.

Kievan Rus

Ukwenziwa ithi Slavic kwenzeka ngamaxesha amaninzi. Kievan Rus yaba yeyona enamandla kwamazwe langaphambi kobuKristu. Kwakugcwele empuma nokuxubana. Kokuba bamanyane bengatshatanga kwinkulungwane 8-9. Centre of Kievan Rus waye kwisixeko Kiev. Imbali eneenkcukacha kwamagunya ezichazwe yi umkhumbuzi Nestor ngo "I Tale of adlulileyo Years".

Ilizwe uye waba ukufika ubuKristu, kwawa yoBukhosi baseByzantium, izizwe amadlelo, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Mongols ekhokelwa yi Genghis Khan. Ngowe-1054 kumafa yayo zonke izizwe eMpuma nokuxubana. Kievan Rus yahlukana ngo-1132.

Ukwenziwa Slavic ithi: itheyibhile zokuhlala Slavic

Ngokutsho kwimimandla yabo exakekileyo, i nokuxubana ziye zohlulwa entshona, empuma kunye esemazantsi. Kubo kamva ukwahlula amaqela uhlanga ulwimi lwabo, inkcubeko kunye nezithethe kwamiswa. ithi Slavic abonakala ezitshatileyo izizwe ezincinane, nto leyo ekugqibeleni wohlukana:

Njengoko ubona, abantu baseMpumalanga kumawaka eminyaka baya ngaloo, ukuba elawo, isifundo kungakhathaliseki karhulumente. Le sisendleleni anameva, amaxesha amaninzi kufuneka kuphazanyiswa, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ngoku, ookhokho bethu ukuba neqhayiya ngathi, athi amandla namhlanje kufikelelwe ekugqibeleni ukuzimela kunye nokuqondwa ngabamelwane yayo.