Gustav Meyrink: engobomi, ubuchule, lithathelwe imisebenzi

Omnye wababhali edume Ekuveleni XIX-XX kwiinkulungwane - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist kunye umguquleli ofumene ingqalelo Bulelani ehlabathini lonke kwinoveli "Golem". Abaphengululi abaninzi baye walibiza kuyo enye ethengwa yokuqala zenkulungwane yama-20.

Esakhula

Umbhali omkhulu elizayo wazalelwa eVienna ngo 1868. Uyise UMphathiswa Carl von Hemmingen ndatshata weqonga uMariya Meyer, kutheni Gustav wazalwa ongekho. Hi ndlela leyi, Meyer - igama lakhe lokwenyani, owayesaziwa Meyrink wathatha kamva.

Biographers phawula iinkcukacha umdla: umbhali expressionist ozelwe January 19, lo mhla njengoko odumileyo American umbhali-ngokukaTau, i-American Edgar Allan Poe. Xa kwimbali iincwadi emazweni abo, baye idlale indima efanayo.

Ebuntwaneni UGustav Meyrink waba kunye nomama wakhe. Njengoko ngumdlali weqonga, waba ngokufuthi endleleni, ngoko ebuntwaneni bakhe wachitha bahlale abahambahambayo. Ukufunda kuza kwizixeko ezininzi - Hamburg, Munich, ePrague. abaphandi Meyrink ziveza ukuba ubudlelwane bakhe nonina cool. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngokuvumelana nabagxeki ezininzi zoncwadi, zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba baba abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo yeedemon umsebenzi wakhe.

Prague period

Ngowe-1883 Meyrink weza ePrague. Apha waphumelela Academy of Trade yaye ngumsebenzi bhanki. Kulo mzi, Gustav Meyrink wachitha amashumi amabini, ebonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo naye ngemisebenzi yakhe. Prague kuphela imvelaphi ngaye, kodwa omnye wabalinganiswa eziphambili iinoveli eziliqela, ezifana "I Golem," "yiWalpurgis Night", "Ingelosi West Window".

Apha wayengomnye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini yombhali, waphawula biographers. Iinkcukacha ngayo esinokuzifunda ibali "I Pilot", epapashwe emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngowe-1892 Meyrink wayezama kuzibulala, linengxaki ngokomoya. Yakhwela phezu kwetafile, uyichole ivolovolo wayesele ukudubula, umntu nyebelele phantsi emnyango kwincwadi encinane - "Ubomi emva Ukufa". Ukusuka uzama ukuba ashiye ubomi ke ngelo xesha wala. Ngokubanzi, kwenzeka eyimfihlakalo wadlala indima enkulu ebomini bakhe nangemisebenzi.

Meyrink waba nomdla ekufundeni theosophy, kabbalah, iimfundiso eyimfihlakalo basempumalanga, waqhelisela yoga. Le yokugqibela wamnceda ukumelana zokomoya kuphela, kodwa iingxaki emzimbeni. Umbhali bonke ubomi bakhe ubunzima iqolo.

zebhanki

Ngowe-1889, Gustav Meyrink kakhulu abandakanyeke yezimali. Kunye neqabane, Christian Morgenstern waseka ibhange "Mayer kunye Morgenstern." Ekuqaleni, izinto zahamba ummango, kodwa umbhali benza umsebenzi logcino awunto ikunqabeleyo, ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi ubomi neyo wempangelo.

Ngomhla ngemvelaphi umbhali wakhomba njalo, ngenxa yoko, yena balwa Kungquzulwano igosa mnye. Ngowe-1892 watshata phantse nangoko kudana emtshatweni, kodwa mtshato kuphela ngo-1905 ngenxa yokulibaziseka zomthetho nokuzingisa yomfazi wayo.

Into yokuba iibhanki phambili kakubi kakhulu kunene, kwacaca ngo-1902, xa Meyrink wazisa ityala zokusetyenziswa nemimoya nobugqwirha kwi imisebenzi zebhanki. Wachitha phantse 3 iinyanga entolongweni. Imirhumo eyaziwayo ukunyelisa, kodwa lo mzekelo isekhona nefuthe elibi umsebenzi wakhe zemali.

Xa umsebenzi ekuqaleni zoncwadi

umsebenzi Meyrink sobuciko yaqala ngo-1903 kunye amabali ezincinane satirical. Sele babe nomdla olubonakalayo nobugqi. Ngeli xesha, Gustav aza Ngokubambisana Prague iniyo-romanticism. Entlakohlaza wakhulula incwadi yakhe yokuqala 'amadoda Hot kunye namanye amabali ", nokuqokelelwa kamva namabali amafutshane" Orchid. Amabali Strange ".

Ngowe-1905, uyasondela umtshato wesibini - kunye Filominoy Bernt. Beya, baqale ukupapasha iphephancwadi satirical. Ngo-1908 kuza ingqokelela wesithathu amabali amafutshane - "Wax". umsebenzi wokubhala akakwazi ukondla usapho, ngoko Meyrink waqalisa ukufunda inguqulelo. Kuba ixesha elifutshane wakwazi ukuba aguqulele imithamo-5 ka-Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink benza de isiphelo sobomi, kuquka ukunikela ingqalelo enkulu neetekisi ubugqi.

I inoveli "The Golem"

Ngowe-1915 wapapasha kwinoveli idumileyo ngumbhali - "Golem". Meyrink nangoko ufumana uzuko yaseYurophu. Xa undoqo welivo imveliso urabhi ongumYuda odale ndiyingwenya lodongwe vusa usebenzisa kabbalistskih izicatshulwa.

Intshukumo kwenzeka ePrague. Ngumbalisi, ogama kuhlala ayaziwa, ngandlela ithile ufumana umnqwazi umntu iintaka ethile Athanasius. Emva koku, uTshawe eqala ukubona amaphupha zasemzini, ngokungathi yena kanye iintaka. Yena Uzama ukufumana umnini emnqwazini. Ekugqibeleni, ufumanisa ukuba lo amatshe kunye umhlaziyi, owayephila kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo e Prague, xa benikwa yamaYuda.

Le noveli yimpumelelo enkulu kulo lonke ihlabathi, eshiya irekhodi elo xesha kwegazi 100 lamawaka iikopi. Ukuthandwa imveliso ayikhange kwathintela nkqu leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, leyo kwavuka ngelo xesha, kunye nento yokuba imisebenzi azinikezelwanga bedumisa isixhobo, ngoxa e Austria-Hungary akazange waphumelela.

German ukuba Russian "Golem" eliguqulelwe ezaziwayo-kakuhle Umguquleli yiSoviet uDavide Vygodskii in 20-30s.

Impumelelo yokuqala enkulu kunjalo kuqinisekise ukuba nogazi Meyrink kunye neenoveli ezilandelayo,, ngenani elikhulu enjalo, azisahoywanga zaveliswa. "Ubuso Green" yakhululwa inani leekopi-40 000.

Impumelelo kuvezwa

Emva kokukhululwa yenoveli "I Golem" baye baba lithathelwe ethandwayo iincwadi Meyrink. Isihloko sokuqala ishukumisa umlawuli umboniso waseJamani Paul Wegener big screen ngo-1915. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kunye inoveli Meyrink inxibelelanisa kuphela ilivo yokuqala. Nangona kungalindelekanga ayilawulwa ukuba le ncwadi iphefumlelwe bhanya. Indima ayidlalileyo Golem Wegener. Ngenxa yoko, wadala trilogy ngendoda udongwe. Ngowe-1917, ekupeyinteni "I Golem kunye ngumdanisi," yaye ngowe-1920 "The Golem: Indlela weza ehlabathini." Ngelishwa, le yokuqala ifilim kuseyinto elahlekileyo. Yalondolozwa 4 kuphela imizuzu ixesha iiyure screen. Kodwa ngenxa Wegener Golem waba indlela ukuluqonda cinematic.

Meyrink umboniso lithathelwe iincwadi musa iphele khona. Ngowe-1936 eCzechoslovakia, kufika film "I Golem." Meyrink wancoma umsebenzi ngqo yi kaJulien Duvivier. Ngowe-1967, phantse ngokoqobo inoveli iyaqhutywa umlawuli French uJean Kershborn. Ngowe-1979, kumxholo efanayo ephatha cinematographer Polish piotr Szulkin.

"Ubuso Green" yaye "yiWalpurgis Night"

Emva kwale mpumelelo ngaphandle imisebenzi embalwa umbhali, njengoko Gustav Meyrink, "ubuso Green" yaye "yiWalpurgis Night". Xa inoveli wesithathu inyathelo Austria impressionist ukuthatha kwakhona indawo e Prague, ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. "YiWalpurgis Night" ibhalwe kwifom abangaqhelekanga, sitya eninzi nobugqi, esotericism. Umbhali ligxeka kwabemi Austrian kunye namagosa.

Embindini webali zibe ngambini zabalinganiswa. Imperial nabezempilo Life kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, ihenyukazi ababelele kulo indlala, kwaye yimvumi oselula Ottakar uthando kunye nomtshana i sisidwangube Záhradky, ngunyana kabani ongumgqakhwe yena.

Okwenziwayo ithatha indawo yiWalpurgis Night, nini, ngokutsho legend, isicelo ayisekho imithetho njengesiqhelo, umnyango uvuliwe phakathi ihlabathi lethu kunye elandelayo. Ngesi sikweko Gustav Meyrink, ogama engobomi kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ezama ukuchaza umvambo wemfazwe kunye revolution ezayo.

Luvuthondaba - idabi wamagazi ngokungathi bayinzala imizobo ixesha iimfazwe Hussite. abaphandi Kamva njenge "yiWalpurgis Night" njenge uhlobo isilumkiso. Isibakala sokuba kanye unyaka emva ePrague zenzeka iintetho zobuzwe, ngqwabalala zinganakwa umkhosi asebukhosini.

ERashiya, "yiWalpurgis Night" waba umva ethandwa kwi 20. Abaphengululi abaninzi zoncwadi ziyakholwa ukuba Archibald Archibaldovich of Romana Bulgakova "Mfundisi noMargarita", umphathi wendlu Griboyedov yokutyela, ukhutshelwe uMnu Bzdinke, umnini yentselo "Green Frog" evela Meyrink.

novel Meyrink

Ngowe-1921 Meyrink ipapasha inoveli "White Dominican" akakakwamkeli impumelelo ngokubanzi phakathi koluntu, yaye ngowe-1927 akhululwe umsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela ezinkulu - "Ingelosi West Window". Ekuqaleni, abahlalutyi wamphatha kuye bayala phandle, inguqulelo Russian wabonakala kuphela ngo-1992, enkosi Vladimir Kryukov.

Le noveli kwenzeka ngokwemaleko eziliqela intsingiselo. Phambi kwethu eVienna 1920. I-central esibalisayo uphawu - ngumlandeli kunye owayeyinzala Dzhona Di, bokwenene-ubomi Isazinzulu Welsh kunye esegumbini kwinkulungwane XVI. kuwa izandla zakhe kokwakheka ukhokho. ukufunda kwabo igxininiswa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini ngayo ophambili. Konke oku bemiqondiso kunye liyangqinelana biography of Dzhona Di.

Kule noveli saphenjelelwa iincwadi Russian. Ezinye heroes emva abalinganiswa Dostoevsky noAndreya White.

Iimpawu Meyrink style

Iimpawu Meyrink style umkhondo kakuhle inoveli yakhe yakutshanje. Kwiziko uphawu yayo alchemical umtshato engcwele. Kukho izinto ezimbini - inkunzi nemazi, abafuna ukuba zihlangane zibe iyunithi eyodwa umlinganiswa ophambili. Konke oku kusikhumbuza iimfundiso ukuchazwa psychoanalytical of nemifuziselo alchemical Carl Jung kaThixo. Kule nikezela ngemveliso kwinani elikhulu iimbekiselo ukuba alchemy, Kabbalah neemfundiso tantric.

ukufa zombhali

Gustav Meyrink, apho iincwadi ithandwa kangaka kude, wasweleka eneminyaka engama-64. ukufa kwakhe kakhulu enxibelelene ne nentlekele unyana ka noFortunato. Xa Ebusika ka-1932, umfana oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala wenzakala kakhulu ngelixa Ukuskiya, bafumana ubomi isitulo esinamavili. Lo mfana ayikwazanga yona le wambulala yena. Xa ndandineminyaka efanayo, xa wayezama ukuba uyise wakhe, kodwa Meyrink-nangaphezulu koko kusindiswa incwadana twisisaka.

Umbhali walahlekelwa ngunyana wakhe iinyanga malunga-6. Disemba 4, 1932, wafa ngesiquphe. Kwathi kwidolophu encinane wohlobo lwe Starnberg. Nokokuba wangcwatywa ecaleni unyana wakhe. Engcwabeni Meyrink wabeka ilitye emhlophe umbhalo in vivo Latin, elithetha "ukuphila".

In Russia Meyrink kudala kuthintelwe, ingakumbi ngexesha leSoviet. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe ziye zaguqulelwa Russian kwaye ishicilelwe.