Indlela ukuba babhale isincoko? Iimpawu ze uhlobo

Uhlobo zoncwadi kwembaliso - mhlawumbi enye ixhaphakileyo imihla yethu. Sonke babhala izincoko esikolweni nokuchaza. namhlanje rhoqo abafundi kunye abafundi bacelwa ukuba babhale isincoko. Yintoni na uhlobo kuluncwadi, xa kuqala wavela, yintoni na yayo iimpawu ezikhethekileyo? Okokugqibela, indlela ukubhala isincoko? Oku yintoni eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ukuze siqonde ngcono nesihloko, kuyimfuneko ukuba uphi na uphuhliso uhlobo. Phambi kokuba ubhale isincoko, kufuneka nje ukuba bagqwese imithetho imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa ukwazi ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kananjalo ukuqonda njani yaye xa wabonakala kule ncwadi.

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Igama elithi "Isincoko" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "amava" okanye "angumfanekiso". imisebenzi enjalo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi, ngokuqhelekileyo umthamo omncinane (iphepha 10 ukuya ku-20), nangona kukho imizekelo apho zililo kunye nobukhulu ifikelela iphepha 50. Umbhali utyhilela imixholo ngokwayo, isimo yayo siqu kuphela kwesi sifundo yachukumisa phezu kweli ibali.

Isincoko - uhlobo zoncwadi iincwadi iprozi. Kwachazwa kufutshane nje ulwimi oluthethwayo, sigxininise isikhundla umbhali, amava akhe nendlela leyo inokuba nomahluko kakhulu ukusuka ukuqonda oluqhelekileyo le ngxaki. Mhlawumbi akukho enye ibali imveliso ayahlukanga ngamazwi kangaka. Noko ke, isincoko emangalisayo eyahlula ingqibelelo ingcamango yombhali; leyo nzima ukukugcina iindinyana voluminous ngakumbi.

Indaba

"Bawo" lo mkhwa bakholelwa waseFrance M. Montaigne. Kule imisebenzi uncwadi ekhaya, zanelisa inkcazo "isincoko", inokufumaneka phakathi imisebenzi Dostoevsky. Ezinye iingcali athi imisebenzi yokuqala elolu hlobo nazo zifumaneka eBhayibhileni kunye imisebenzi lwezimvo moralistic of Marcus Aurelius, kodwa hlobo ziphelile kwaye ityatyambile ngenkulungwane XVI. umsebenzi Montaigne kaThixo kubizwa ngokuba ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo okanye imiyalelo indlela ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo isincoko. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, i engumFrentshi italente yakhiwe olwenziwe eyabo "amalinge" abo, apho uzama ukuqonda ngokwabo kweli hlabathi nakwihlabathi ngokubanzi ngokuthi bemilo zengqondo zabo kunye nolwazi. Montaigne ubonisa indlela eqaqambileyo kunokuba kwebali. Yena lula baphambukile ukusuka kumgca engundoqo esibalisayo, ngokobutyebi usebenzisa izikweko kunye nemibutho eyenza imisebenzi yakhe uninzi enkulu elula yabemi isebenza.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI izincoko yokubhala lasiwa eliNgesi Francis Bacon. imisebenzi yakhe yahlukile ngendalo Montaigne ngayo. Le ngxelo iye ngaphantsi elide, zizakubalulwa ecacileyo, ndikho nengqwalasela embonweni esingundoqo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII, uMilton e ethandwa izibheno ecenga imisebenzi yakhe, ebekumele ukuba ziphi umfundi umnqweno ukutshintsha umyalelo okhoyo, waqalisa Imizamo ngokukhawuleza. izincoko bakhe ngaphezulu babethwele ngezimvo ngaphezu esibalisayo ngokweemvakalelo ngesihloko esithile. Kakhulu isiqulatho ezinzulu imisebenzi wayeseDalton. Wayitshabalalisa izimvo zabo ezithile ezingabangela ulwimi kakhulu. Yaba wayeseDalton kukuba i "umzali" zezincoko ezibalulekileyo.

Ekuqaleni ingcamango ngenkulungwane XVII sendlela yokubhala isincoko, iye yatshintsha. le misebenzi Kube kubi kwaye elifutshane kangako. Kwaba ngoko ukuba kukho uhlobo eya kuvela njalo isincoko. ababhali bayo bakholelwa Addison yeNgesi rhoqo bahambisa ngamaqhekeza amancinci kwiphephandaba. Enyanisweni, baba kwase bomhlathi yephephandaba. Kuphuhliso lwamashisini yoshicilelo kunye nokwanda kwenani kweempepha izincoko wajika kwenye lweendidi athandwa kakhulu.

umsebenzi Modern le wokubhala ulwalathiso ezahlukeneyo ngendlela ovakalelwa esibalisayo inokuba bulumko, enzulu okanye ukukhanya ahlekisayo, siyazikhohlisa ezifana ebhalwe "scribbler-neumehoj".

Isakhiwo imisebenzi

Namhlanje, kukho iqela iimfuno ukuze kuqinisekiswe indlela efanelekileyo ukubhala isincoko. Enye yezinto ezinkulu - isakhiwo imveliso. Kufuneka ibe iindawo ezifana isiciko sheet, intshayelelo, kwindawo engundoqo kunye nesiphelo. Njengoko ubona, isiqulatho ixhomekeke imithetho leyo zinganikezelwa na ibali. Ngelo xesha yakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa lokuphikisana ezahlukeneyo, ngokubalulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi izafobe kunye njengobuxoki. umsebenzi isincoko - ukunceda umfundi ukuba bafunde nokumelana umbhali, ukuqonda ingqiqo yokuqiqa wakhe, ukuba ukuhlola ubutyebi kumava zombhali.