Hamming ikhowudi. Esephepheni kolwazi wokwamanani

Ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo ujongene nengxaki kwimbono olwaneleyo ulwazi data ntumbuluko efunyenweyo, ukufumana iimpazamo, kunye fixes zabo. Imisebenzi ngaphezulu kakhulu eyabelwe into processing inkcazelo, inkqubo ubhaqo ezintsonkothileyo sensitive ngakumbi beengxenye ezimbi izixhobo kunye nokuphuma iimpazamo ulwazi umsebenzi wakhe.

Enye ukhetho yokuvavanywa ukuhamba iinkcukacha iimpazamo nkqu awalungise, kukuba uku encoder ulwazi lwamanani. Kukho Iikhowudi ezininzi kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo ngethuba lokusebenza kunye data ezahlukeneyo. I ekuthiwa ikhowudi Hamming ngumzekelo nje omnye, nto leyo yaba kwindawo yokuqala ukwenzela ukwakhiwa kweendlela ezinokuntsonkotha nobunzima ukuxazulula okuvela phakathi ukudluliselwa data iimpazamo.

Ibali ikhowudi iqala phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1940. Ngelo xesha, Richard Hamming kakuhle umatshini axela Bell Model V, ukusebenza odumileyo Bell Labs. Emva koko ke ngendlela yeqondo eliphezulu esebenzisa umgaqo electromechanical. Uyilo koomatshini kusetyenziswa iiyunithi irileyi. ukusebenzisa kwabo asisiniki inzuzo ebalulekileyo isantya. Ukwenza revolution enye efunekayo imizuzwana embalwa. entry Idatha senzeka esebenzisa amakhadi ngamanqindi, kwaye iziphoso ingaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yokufunda. Kule veki ukufumanisa neempazamo ezichanekileyo athole kwiikhowudi ezikhethekileyo. umqhubi Machine yazisa ukuvutha izibane, ukuba ke awalungise imposiso nokuphinda-yasungula inkqubo yokubala. Kodwa veki inkqubo ithathe indawo ngokuvumelana imithetho ezahlukeneyo. Impazamo wabonakala, umatshini liyama ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokuqala, uze uqhubeke kunye nabanye.

Ekubeni Hamming babeye ukusebenza-veki, kuba ukuziphatha okukruqulayo kakhulu ezifana ikhompyutha, kuba kwakufuneka ukuba iqalise inkqubo apho wayesebenza khona kunye ngumtyholwa yaba unreliability sinendawo of amakhadi. iminyaka emininzi kwafuneka ukuba ichithwe kwakhiwa ubuchule isebenzayo ekulungiseni iimpazamo. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1950 wakwazi ukufumana aveze indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki, ngoku eyaziwa lonke njengoko ikhowudi Hamming.

Isiphumo ecetywayo yi Richard Hamming lake ngokubanzi. Zokufuya ujiko ulwazi othe iibhloko eziliqela enkulu. Umzekelo, iikhowudi ngendlela zenza iqela elikhulu, nto leyo iquka block, ebizwa ngokuba yi-khowudi separable (ngamanye amagama abo bonke abalinganiswa zahlulwe ulwazi kunye nokuhlola).

Xa ikhowudi ngendlela kuye a zixatyiswe osemqoka zibangelwa imisebenzi linear kwi iisimboli ulwazi. Ngoko ke naliphi na codeword wavumela ekhoyo kungenzeka ukufumana ngenxa imisebenzi yomgama lwenziwa kwi iseti codewords linearly ezizimeleyo.

Hamming ikhowudi kuyinto code for self-iliso. Ezi khowudi zikuvumela ukuba ibhaqe ngokuzenzekelayo iimpazamo ngexesha zodluliselo lwedata. Ukuze ndibakhe, kodwa kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba ivele isuntswana ngalinye igama ukulawula (ulwandiso). yokubala yedijithali ikhethiwe ezinjalo ukuba inani lilonke leeyunithi xa umfanekiso phezu imeko kude.

Ukuba kukho impazamo enye, ngoko izakutshintsha ukubekwa inani lilonke leeyunithi.

Codes ezikhokelela balishiya ulungiso kwimowudi oluzenzekelayo, ekuthiwa self-ukulungisa. Ukuze ukwakha ikhowudi enjalo sele ngokwaneleyo yokunqanda yokumpompoza. Umdla inkulu ke code yokubini block, i yokulungisa.

Ukushwankathela, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba ikhowudi Hamming isebenzisa umgaqo lokukhangela ubo, ejongisisa inani loonobumba unit.