Hans Selye: engobomi, igalelo kwinzululwazi. Iincwadi ezibhalwe Gansom Sele

Hans Selye yaziwe ehlabathini lonke njengoko umdali thiyori ntshikilelo. iincwadi zakhe usathandwa kakhulu. Bakhombe abaphengululi abaninzi abavunyiweyo kunye kwiimagazini ezaziwayo. Sinikezela indlela ukulandelela ubomi yale ngumphandi obalaseleyo.

abazali Hans

Hans Selye wazalelwa e Vienna ngoJanuwari 26, 1907. Uyise Hungarian, ugqirha wamajoni, owaba kwiklinikhi yabucala ngotyando kwisixeko Komarno (Slovakia). Esengumntwana, iqhawe yethu akuthethi abaphumze kunina, ufundile ibhinqa kunokuba ome. Maria Felicita (ngoko wambizela) kwanyanzeleka unyana wakhe ukuba athethe nentsapho yakhe ngeelwimi ezine. Yena lula wafunda isiJamani kunye Hungarian. Eyokuqala yaba unina kunina, kwaye eyesibini - utata wakhe. Ekufundiseni IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi kwaqashwa umphathi.

lulwimi lokuFunda

Future Unjingalwazi Selye, Kakade ke, akukho mathandabuzo kwinto yokuba umama wakhe iinjongo eziphambili kusasa ohlola unyana wakhe igrama French. Noko ke, ezi zifundo ziye zakhokelela ekubeni ngexesha ubomi Hans kwaye ababa bana phandle yeyiphi kwiilwimi ezine umama wabo. Ngamanye amaxesha kusasa, wavakalelwa eninzi ntshikilelo, kuba wayengakwazi ngoko nangoko ukuqonda nguwuphi na kubo ukuba bathethe. Hi ndlela leyi, xi wakwazi lokuzibonela kanye kuphela wayichaza. Kwaye phambi kokuba (mhlawumbi bengazi) Hans ebemzekile kabini.

abafazi Ezimbini Hans Selye

Umfazi wakhe wokuqala yaba intombi magnate wamalahle. Kuyabonakala ukuba, naye wayeziva uHans mnandi evulekileyo, ekubeni umyeni wakhe idla yalahleka iilebhu eyunivesithi. Ngenxa yoku, yena wayesoloko akanelisekanga Gansom Sele. Xa yokuba umntwana, umfazi wafaka for umtshato. Wada ikwazile ukuba sibhukuqe igama kayise intombi yakhe uCatherine. Ngenxa yoku, Hans wacaphuka gqitha. Akazange ukuphatha ukumelana nesi sifo, unobangela kwawo ukuba intombi yakhe iphetshwe. Kodwa ukugula Katherine uyise wakhe ngenxa ngesizathu esithile, hayi ilifa. Uye ndahamba ihlabathi yaye ukuthumela iileta siyekelele ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

EnguGabriyeli, umfazi wesibini zezenzululwazi, wamzalela abantwana abane. Noko ke, kule imeko, isidingo sokufundisa yonke Selye kwabo bazisa kwimo luvalo. Emva kweminyaka 28 yobomi bakhe nomfazi wakhe, Kakade ke, ntshikilelo eqhubekayo, Hans wagqiba ukuba ahlukane nayo.

Eminye imithombo uxinezeleko

Ukongeza, Gansom Sele kakuhle kunye neminye imithombo uxinezeleko. Ngokomzekelo, akazange akwazi ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo ubuzwe babo. Hans wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe esakhula kwidolophu Komarno, ibekwe Austria-Hungary. Emva kokuwa karhulumente, le dolophu yaba eCzechoslovakia. Selye wanikwa yokundwendwela yale lizwe. Thathela ingqalelo isiphithiphithi kweelwimi esibe sisentlokweni yam, Hans, akukho nzima ukuba nomfanekiso womelele kangakanani umthombo xi lo imeko kuye. Nangona kunjalo, i imanyumnyezi hero yethu, mhlawumbi, into yokuba bonke ubomi bakhe ababanga nako ukufumana indawo apho bakwazi ukuphila kunye nomsebenzi.

kweentsuku

Hans Selye ababhalise kwi-University of Prague, Faculty of Medicine, apho wayefunda ku-1924. Noko ke, kule kwikliniki yunivesithi kubekho iimeko ukwenza uphando ngendlela umzimba uziva njani zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Angala eli candelo amayeza uthanda ngexesha umfundi. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, Hans wagqiba lokutshintshela kwiYunivesithi yase Paris. Nazi iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze umsebenzi, kodwa Inzululwazi akukho ubudlelwane kunye oonjingalwazi basekuhlaleni - kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele ePrague.

ukufundisa

Hans Selye ngo-1931 ekugqibeleni wafumana isidanga sakhe zonyango. Waba ugqirha wenzululwazi imichiza. Ukongeza, Hans ufumene Rockefeller yokufunda. ngoku akwazi ukwenza izifundo zabo kumaziko emfundo engcono ye-US kunye singabinaxhala ngemali. Selye waya ukufundisa kwiYunivesithi Baltimore. Apha waba nolwalamano oluhle kunye nabafundi kunye noogxa. Noko ke, ngenxa yokothuka nenkcubeko ugqirha akakwazanga ukumelana.

unjingalwazi kamva bakhumbula ndamcaphukisa ngokungaphezulu onke amaqela, owamcebisa ukuba abafazi oonjingalwazi "abafundi abahluphekayo encinane kwamanye amazwe." Hans akazange akwazi ukuphelisa izimemo kwezi ziganeko, kwakunye kwi ntshikilelo bakhubekise. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, waqalisa ukusebenza kwi City of University Montreal.

Kubonakala ngathi kukho zonke iimeko ukuba oonjingalwazi enjalo luvo, kuquka elabhoratri yakhe. Kodwa Selye kwakhona bafumana ucaphuka nokukhathazeka kwabonakala nasihlahla. Ngexesha ubuthongo, waya wakudala wakhe wazama ukuqonda, kuba oko abahlobo bakhe baba kwiimeko ezifanayo, kunye nayo, ziphathe ngokuzolileyo noHans rhoqo panics. Selye wagqiba ukujonga oku kwinqanaba michiza. Emva kweminyaka 5, ndafumana ubungqina yokuqala ingcamango yoxinezeleko nama- Sele Scientist ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo.

Uxinzelelo - lokuvula G.Selje

Ngowe-1936 le sisazinzulu wapapasha inqaku yakhe yokuqala ukujongana isenzeko umdla kuye. Xa abafundile, wayila eyenziwe Gansom Sele, kwagqitywa xa ninonke. Kuyabonakala ukuba, nezinye abaphandi baye bazama ukuba achaze imvakalelo ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kwakufuneka anyamezele. Kodwa akukho bani waba nesibindi abanike ingqalelo kangaka, singasathethi ke Enyanisweni, ukuba iliso neziphumo kumanqanaba hormone zonke iintlobo iingxaki ebomini. Yaba Hans Selye kuqala wabona unxulumano phakathi ixhala kunye ingqondo into eyenzekayo kweli thuba emzimbeni womntu. Njengoko usazi, ulwimi IsiNgesi, uAbram, ngoko achole inkcazelo eyimfuneko xi (in translation kulo lwimi - "uxinezeleko"), akukho nto ibitheni ngotywala. Eli gama senziwa Hans-yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ukuhlolwa amabuzi

Yemifuniselo, eye yenziwa Gansom Sele kwi-University of Montreal, zasiwa kubo, kungekuphela ngokwabo kodwa iimpuku. Zidalwa iimeko zokuphila ezinzima. Ngaphandle uyamazi oko, ezi zilwanyana banikwa ukuba umntu ubungqina obuphathekayo ukuba ikhona uxinezeleko. Xa igazi ibuzi ngeli xesha ineenkcukacha iadrenaline - "stress ihomoni" (njengoko yathiywa igama Sele Gansom). Izazinzulu ziye zacebisa ukuba le miba ilandelayo kulwenze yamava - amava obomi, uzinzo ngokweemvakalelo komntu othile, kwakunye yofuzo, oko kukuthi indlela iminyanya umntu aziphathe kwiimeko ezinzima.

Eminye yemifuniselo eyenziwe Sele Gansom, wabonisa ukuba uxinzelelo - unobangela izifo ezininzi, ezifana samathambo, isifuba kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Oko kukhatshwa ukukhululwa hormone nentaphane, xa adrenaline ethile. Ezi kunye nezinye izinto umdla weza Hans Selye. Le uxinzelelo lobomi, Noko ke, waqhubeka ubunzima futhi, kuseloko eqhelekileyo kakhulu.

Umfazi entsha Hans

ingqalelo Scientific, nto leyo wayengusosayensi, yena babuyekezwe ubomi lobuqu aluphumelelanga. Noko ke, ngoku ebomini bakhe, ibhinqa kwakhona wabonakala. Louise wenza Hans amava iimvakalelo ezintsonkothileyo. Selye nokuba ngale nto, ngenxa yokuba ubungqina bokuba xi kunokubangela iimvakalelo ezimbi nje kuphela kodwa ezintle. Louise kwakhona ngenkani oonjingalwazi ukuba uziva kungekho yakho. Uye waqhubeka ezibuza ukuba umenzi wakwazi ukoyisa ntshikilelo ngayo? Lo mfazi nokuba ukunyanzela izazinzulu ukuba sithandabuze zophando lwakhe. Imfundiso uxinezeleko, Hans Selye, kwabonakala, akunanto yakwenza noLouise. Umzekelo, oku kunokuba lula ukuba isidlo okanye 3-4 iiyure kumqolo ixesha elide ukuya ingahlawulelwanga mali. isiphithiphithi Domestic. kube azinakekele Izazinzulu baye baqalisa ukucinga, "Mhlawumbi nempuku bandikhohlisile?"

ULouise, umfazi ofanelekileyo. Yena ngobuciko izidanga ukusuka Sorbonne University (Medical Faculty), kodwa ukususela umsebenzi yenzululwazi wala ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kuba akazange sihambelane ehlotyeni leeholide kwinyanga ezintathu. Noko ke, yena ngovuyo waba unobhala zabucala Selye, ngokwesicelo sakhe. ULouise wayemthanda umyalelo, kodwa babezizwa bekhululekile, nokuba apho kwenziwa kunqabile kakhulu ukucoca.

Eyona ngamazwi yaba kukuba Hans Selye naa ingqondo yakhe. Okulandelayo kuye, bekumenza kangangokuba walibala malunga ntshikilelo. Emva kweminyaka 3 ukuthandana Hans Selye wagqiba ekubeni atshate umfazi ngubani na isiphumo kuyingenelo njalo kuye.

Ukuvulwa i-Institute of Stress

Ngowe-1950, iqhawe wethu wavula kwiziko lakhe, Kakade ke, uxinezeleko. Kodwa ngoku wayefuna ukwazi indlela ukujongana nayo, kunokuba indlela iphilayo kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle. Hans wayekholelwa ukuba umfazi wakhe uya kumnceda ufumane impendulo kulo mbuzo ubalulekileyo. Noko ke, uLouise ngokukhetha ride Hans kwi hlayisekile okanye kwi "Toyota 'endala. Zilele esitulweni ngeenyawo zakhe phezu kwetafile ikofu, yena intlekisa izazinzulu, esithi ukuba mhlawumbi yeyona yokuma ilungileyo okudambisa akhululeke.

Hans Selye: iincwadi kunye ezingundoqo iikhonsepthi

Nangona Hans noLouise behlel phezu kophahla Institute kwakhe uxinezeleko, iincwadi zakhe ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo 17. Selye iye ibhalwe amanqaku angaphezulu kwe-1700. Ngaphezu koko, uye ebhalwe iincwadi 39 eyayinikelwe nohlobo ntshikilelo. umntwana okuthandayo, nto leyo yenza Hans Selye - "Ntshikilelo ngaphandle lokubandezeleka." Le ncwadi nangoku ethandwa kakhulu. Wena mhlawumbi ndiyabawela ukwazi onjani ingqiqo twi kuqaliswa kulo msebenzi Hans Selye ( "ukubandezeleka"). Le uxinezeleko, leyo Ayize nakanye umzimba (ngokuchaseneyo eustress luncedo). Oku kubangelwa iziphumo elide kunye kakhulu. efanayo iziphumo Eustress okubangelwa ngamandla ngomlinganiselo. Wada kwakufuneka ukugcina impilo, njengoko uqinisa yaye uqeqesha inkqubo olulungisiweyo emzimbeni womntu.

Phakathi kwezinye iincwadi ume ngaphandle, "Izincoko kwi syndrome lithathelwe jikelele", "Ukususela Dream emnyango," "Ngomhla umgangatho yonke ephilayo," kunye nabanye. Inyaniso, nawe unomdla yenye kwikota esetyenziswa kwisihloko kwenye yeencwadi zakhe nama- Sele ( "lithathelwe jikelele ") syndrome. Esi sikimu impendulo komzimba komzimba kwiimeko uxinezeleko. Yahlulahlulwe yaba zigaba zilandelayo 3: alam, sokubala nokudinwa. Xa uxinezeleko eside okanye kakhulu, umzimba phantsi umthwalo onzima. Ziphinde iimpawu uphawu kwisigaba sokuqala. Umzimba womntu andisakwazi ukumelana nazo yaye liphuhlise disorder ethile emzimbeni (umz, isilonda esiswini). Ngoko kubonakala ukuziqhelanisa syndrome yi Hans Selye. Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo kunokubangela izifo kakhulu. Oku kakhulu ukubhala nama- Sele. Yegazi, umzekelo, wayengomnye ngabalawulwa isifundo sakhe. Hans Selye ecetywayo neurogenic (stressor) imodeli yayo.

Ngaba Hans ukufumana unyango ngenxa ntshikilelo?

Le Isazinzulu wafa ngo-1982. Emva kokufa kwakhe, lo lethiyori kuphuhliswa ngakumbi yi Hans Selye. Iziphumo zophando wakhe ezicatshuliweyo kwiimagazini ezininzi ezithandwayo, kwakunye namawaka 362. Amanqaku Scientific. Apha nje nangoku wakwazi ukufumana unyango ngenxa ntshikilelo Gansu. Ngaba ayimangalisi, kuba ubomi bethu - uxinezeleko enye enkulu (stress).