Houses skeleton: ngokutsha kubalimi, iiprojekthi kunye nokwakhiwa

Namhlanje, mhlawumbi, akukho technology wokwakha eyayiza kwahluka kuphela iingenelo ezithile. Kwiintsilelo kunye neempawu ezimbi ziyafumaneka kuzo zonke iindlela. Noko ke, isakhelo indlu, yokwenene abaqeshi apho ukwazi ukufunda ngezantsi, zezona ngokwemiqathango ixabiso nomgangatho, kwakunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nendleko.

izimvo ezakhayo

izindlu isakhelo Abanini qaphela ukuba izakhiwo ezinjalo kufuneka ephantsi iindleko zokwakha. Namhlanje, le lweThekhinoloji ngokuba yenye ezingabizi kakhulu, le nto uhlala kunjalo kuthathelwa ingqalelo iindleko kokugqiba olusaqalayo. Ezi meko zibonisa ukuba ubuchwepheshe isakhelo lonke isagquba. Houses skeleton, kwakhona abaqeshi leyo kunokuba zombini ezimbi nezilungileyo, ngokoluvo yabathengi zahlukile likhawuleze kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Ixesha umjikelo imisebenzi ekwakhiweni yendlu yenye lisezantsi. Ngenxa yoko, iqela abakhi, equka abantu abathathu bakwazi ukwakha isakhiwo isakhelo-uhlobo ubungakanani medium of ngenyanga enye.

Ukuphonononga lo isantya yokwakha

Ukuba umxhasi ufuna ukwakha isiseko kunye nomsebenzi ophela kuyo, ubude angandiswa ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2. Houses skeleton, kwakhona abaqeshi ekufuneka ifundwe phambi kokuba uthenge isakhiwo enjalo, njengoko wagxininisa ngabanini, iindleko ezahlukeneyo minor zokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokuba iindleko ubushushu asezantsi, indlu akuthethi imfuneko ukulungiswa rhoqo. Mu kuya kwa nshita zokwakha ngomthi, efuna nokuhlaziya ngamaxesha yeendonga yangaphandle.

Izimvo conductivity thermal neempawu usambathisa sound

indlu isakhelo imithi, amaxabiso ekufuneka makwazeke kuwe phambi kokuba uthenge, ethandwayo namhlanje. Abathengi badla ukuphuma ngekamva labo yokuhlala technology isakhelo kwakhona ngenxa conductivity eliphantsi wobushushu of walling. Oku kubizwa ngokuba plus enkulu, kuba lunciphisa iindleko kwezibonelelo zokufudumeza ebusika ugcine lipholile imozulu eshushu. Ngenxa yoko, izindlu isakhelo obonisa imozulu obutofotofo endlwini. izakhiwo Ivala yokuba sinamazinga umthamo thermal, yenze inkqubo ukufudumeza eguquguqukayo. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa abo namagumbi ekufuneka ngayo. Abanikazi ithuba wonge imali, ukwandisa intuthuzelo. Yona imizi angenzelwanga loo yokuhlala isigxina, abanini uyakwazi shushu isakhiwo ngelona xesha lifutshane kangangoko, xa kukho imfuneko.

Houses amathambo, kwakhona abaqeshi ekufuneka ibe nomdla kuwe phambi nokufunyanwa lwezindlu ezinjalo, kufuneka isandi zokwambathisa iimpawu ezigqwesileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokwakha ngaphakathi iisilingi kunye nezinto ibhuqiwe yokugquma ephilileyo, evumela ukuba bafikelele amanqanaba aphezulu ukufunxeka yesandi.

Izimvo malunga shrinkage kunye nokukhetha isiseko

Ukukhetha indlu eyakhelwe technology isakhelo, njengoko wagxininisa ngabanini lwezindlu enjalo, uya kukwazi kwacaba unxibelelwano ngaphakathi iindonga. Olu phawu ibhekisele ngakumbi iteknoloji sikhokelo, evumela akukho iindleko ezongezelelweyo, kwakunye njengesixhobo injongo ekhethekileyo, walala imijelo umoya, imibhobho zombane kunye nokuzifudumeza / neendonga ukwahlulwahlulwa amanzi okanye ngaphakathi iindonga. Inika indawo iingenelo yobuhle. izindlu Finnish-isakhelo ube nelitye ephantsi, ngoko ungakhetha ukuba ukwakha uhlobo kwesiseko ezilula. Uyilo ziza kubekwa nzulu, ukonga, ukunyusa isantya kokwakhiwa. abathengi Modern kufuneka ukuba ngokuthanda le peculiarity indlu andinifihlelanga nto, ndanityela emva ukuphululwa lugqityiwe. Oku luncedo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ukushukuma, kwakunye ndiwufezile umsebenzi kungaqala kwangoko emva kokuba kugqitywe ukwakhiwa. Ukuba umthi iye isetyenziswe kunye inqanaba eziyimfuneko ukufuma, iindonga akayi igqwethekile, nendlu baligcine geometry layo emva kweminyaka embalwa yokusebenza.

Ukuphonononga malunga uxhathiso yokusingqongileyo kunye wenyikima

Finnish isakhelo imithi izindlu nokusingqongileyo ekhuselekileyo, kungenxa yokuba izenzo amaplanga njengecandelo ephambili izakhiwo ezinjalo. Ukongeza, esebenzisa nokusingqongileyo uhlobo yokugquma abangelwe okanye uboya ezimbiwa, ibhodi umcu ojolise kunye nebhodi gypsum. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo, esebenza njenge imveliso processing of izithako zemvelo, leyo kwandisa ukusebenza kwaye akukho isoyikiso empilweni yoluntu. Njengoko abathengi ukugqiba kungenziwa ngokuzimeleyo nangokulula nendlu isakhelo. Neendonga kokutyatyekwa kwaye akukho mfuneko ukwenza ngololiwe olongezelelweyo ngaphakathi. Kuya kuba kwanele ukuba amalungu putty nendawo ngezikhonkwane ifakiwe. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iinginginya ungaqalisa wallpapering iindonga Akuyomfuneko ukuba ukulungelelanisa, njengoko azinayo iimpazamo. Olu phawu efanayo kwakhona kusebenza eluphahleni. Umgangatho wendlu yesakhelo akuyomfuneko ukuba bazalise screed, njengoko kunjalo ubukho seqela nembasa. Kumphezulu isiseko erhabaxa ilungele iphele. Oku kunciphisa kuphela iindleko, kodwa ixesha. izakhiwo ezinjalo ingafakwa kwimimandla yinyikima, ukuba bangenele umthwalo ngamanqaku 9. Ngokomzekelo ngokomzekeliso ekhonza omnye eJapan ukhetha ukusebenzisa yona neteknoloji isakhelo lwezindlu. indlu isakhelo imithi ukuze uhlale ukwazi ukuba bangenele inani elikhulu yemijikelo yovalo kunye thawing. Uyakwazi ukusebenza ikhaya ngokusisigxina okanye ngamaxesha athile ngaphandle ukugcina urhulumente lobushushu kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukuba nokwenzeka ukwakhiwa kunyaka-ngeenxa

Ukuze kuqala, ngokutsho neengcali kunye baziinkosi zabo zasekhaya, nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Noko ke, ithemometha ayikho ngaphantsi degrees -15. izindlu isakhelo Winter zingakhiwa ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kobuchule enzima-sasekhohlo, ungafumana kuphela liqela elincinane. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-nkqubo akuthethi ukuba ukusebenzisa izinto ezinkulu, eyenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi.

Izimvo malunga noyilo ekhethekileyo iindonga

Wahlanganisa ke indlu isakhelo lwenzeka kwi iteknoloji okhethekileyo, kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ufikelelo lula unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi, ngokunjalo usambathisa thermal. Oku kube yimfuneko ukuba kutshintshwe isifudumezi kunye entsha eza kunceda ukwandisa ubomi ukwakhiwa amashumi eminyaka. Walls, ngokutsho kubanini izindlu isakhelo, anqunyulwe kwiindawo zokubeka, nto leyo inzuzo. Surface evela evenness egqibeleleyo, kwaye ezivuzayo ezikhoyo zizaliswe usambathisa. Ukufumaneka vetroizolyatsionnyh inwebu akubikho ngokupheleleyo ukungena komoya ubunzima ngaphakathi iindonga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iisilingi kunye neendonga zingaqhaqhwa, le nkqubo iya kuba ulwakhiwo azibizi kwaye okukhawulezayo, uya kukwazi ukuqokelela kwi kwindawo entsha.

Izimvo lokuthoba

indlu isakhelo imithi, amaxabiso apho ingahluka phakathi kwe-1.2 million engange, wakha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa yemijikelo ezimanzi. Oku kwenza i sakhiwo elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo ngokufumaneka imithombo yamanzi, kwakunye lobushushu kuma kulo. Ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, ngokutsho kubanini, bume lugcinwa lonke ixesha lomsebenzi. Oku kuzuzwa ngokuthi kusetyenziswe iinkuni kunye drywall. Iindonga kuba ubukhulu encinane, ngaloo ndlela zokonga square metres.

ukubuyekeza embi ngayo iindonga boominess

Xa ukhetha indlu isakhelo, ungaqalisa awakho, kodwa ezi zakhiwo kunye bonke babe neengxaki ezithile. Phakathi kwezinye kunokwenzeka ngakumbi bonisa imigangatho gulkost kunye izakhiwo eludongeni. Le nokubi, njengoko uyagxininisa abathengi, ngaba uphawu zonke iisilingi kunye neendonga zomthi-based. Ngenxa esiyinikwe kuyilo libya yesininzi apho akavumeli intlokoma ngokwaneleyo ezifumileyo. Ngokupheleleyo ukusombulula le ngxaki ivumela ukusetyenziswa isandi kunye yokugquma nobushushu, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa yokugquma enzima esekelwe izimbiwa kunye uboya abangelwe.

ukubuyekeza ezimbi malunga imfuneko nokubhalwa

Iiprojekthi zezindlu isakhelo ngokufuthi adalwe ngamagcisa. Oku kungenxa ubukho thabatha ezendeleyo kule technology. It iqulathe kwi imfuneko yokulungiselela iphulo ofanelekileyo, nto leyo ibandakanya ubukho amaqhina kunye namacebo entengo. Yobuchwepheshe, ezi zakhiwo zintsonkothe ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa kwabanye bonke. Le projekthi kufuneka yenziwe yi ziingcali kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo.

Ukufeza kwakhiwe indlu isakhelo

Phambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kufuneka ucinge izindlu idrafti isakhelo. Abanye babo thaca kweli nqaku. Inkqubo isixhobo kunye Foundation, linyathelo elibalulekileyo kakhulu. Eyona zixhaphakileyo monolithic ngakumbi tape isiseko isebenza lokusebenzisa ezo technology yokwakha. Ungakhetha i ibhloko lesiseko, imfumba okanye uhlobo columnar. Nakoosiyazi uqale ekubekeni iibhodi, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko esinqeni. Ibekwe phezu kwesiseko. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuyimfuneko ukubeka kwiindawo izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. NeeBhari iya kudibanisa isampuli lembombo izabelo. Ungasebenzisa enye iindlela ezikhoyo kweli qela, kodwa practice ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo. Sithetha malunga isampuli ngaphantsi kune, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "paw", kunye nendlela log agudileyo, ibizwa ngokuba 'ngendlela kwisiqingatha-emthini ". Xa iimbombo iiplanga compound kufuneka aveze ingangeni benqabisekile iiankile okanye izikhonkwane.

Kuba nokubopha iiplanga ukuya isiseko kufuneka zisetyenziswe amandongomane, apho kubonelelwa ne washer ebanzi flat. Le yokugqibela kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ummandla zoqhagamshelwano ngeenkuni. Ukuba ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa nezitshixo zalo, nemivalo yalo okanye elibekwa emxinwa, ukuhlanganisana luwuphuphumise zokubopha ukombiwa kwi bar, nto leyo uqhagamshelo embi. Kwinkqubo owandayo kwezibonda phakathi njengowokuqala efakiweyo lembombo. Icandelo umnqamlezo izithuba lembombo kufuneka kwahluka kwabanye. Ngenxa yokuba iibhodi ayinakutshintshwa nakwiimbombo emazantsi iiankile, izithuba lembombo, nogunyaziso iikona zesinyithi, njengoko ingasetyenziswa lwesamente. Ngexesha lofakelo, le ezikhaphukhaphu esiphakathi Ungasebenzisa enye iindlela ezimbini ngesibopheleli lembombo lweziqalelo. Oku kungaquka nitrogen ezweni amanqwanqwa kwi notching ubugcisa. yokubeka intaba kungenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa engile metal kwalenza. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukhetho yokugqibela kuya kuba ezifuna ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi Wokholosa, ngokuba kulo mzekelo akukho mfuneko ukunciphisa ngeendleko ekugawuleni imithi ubukhulu.

umsebenzi final

Xa sikhokelo iya komelezwa, sinako ukumelana Uphahla kube ziboniswa. Kuyanconywa ukuba ukusebenzisa izibiyeli metal tubing okanye iikona. kufuneka zihlelwe Indlu isakhelo kophahla usebenzisa kuphela izixhobo ayisindi ukunqanda ifuthe kakhulu kwi nokwakhiwa isiseko.