Hydrobromic acid. Iindlela yokulungiselela, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neepropati zeekhemikhali

Hydrobromic acid (ekwabizwa ngokuba hydrogen bromide) - yikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo hydrogen (H) kunye bromine (Br). It is a gas enemibala emihle, enza quba umoya ofumileyo.

Zeziphi iindlela zokufumana hydrogen bromide

Ngenxa iqondo eliphezulu oxidizability bromovodoronoy acid, iziphumo zakhe zinakho ukuba zifunyanwa ngokusebenzisa sulphuric acid wamandla ukuya bromides metal kwealkali. Indlela abasabela ilandelayo kwenzeka:

2KBr (potassium bromide) + 2N2SO4 (sulphuric acid) = K2SO4 (potassium sulfate) + SO2 (isalfure oxide) + Br2 (bromine molecule) + 2H2O (amanzi)

1. Kushishino ukufumana asidi ezifana hydrobromic, wenziwe ukusabela apho izinto abasemthethweni kusabela. Ngokomzekelo, siya kuqwalaselwa into zingafumaneka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

H2 (hydrogen molecule) + Br2 (bromine molecule) = 2HBr (hydrobromic acid)

Le ndlela nokwenzeka kubushushu degrees-200 ukuya kuma-400.

2. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba ufumane hydrobromic acid in vitro kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi.

- by haydrolisis pentabromide okanye phosphorus tribromide:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (iimolekyuli zamanzi ezintathu) = H3PO3 (phosphoric acid) + 3HBr (hydrobromic acid, chemical ifomula)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (iimolekyuli ezine amanzi) = H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) + 5HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- by nokuncitshiswa bromine:

3Br2 (iimolekyuli ezintathu bromine) + S (isalfure) + 4H2O (amanzi) = (abasabela kunokwenzeka kubushushu degrees 100-150) H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) + 6HBr (hydrogen bromide)
3Br2 (iimolekyuli ezintathu bromine) + KNO2 (potassium nayitrayithi) + 4H2O (amanzi) = KNO3 (potassium nitrate) + 2HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- kancinane kuthetha nge yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano acid evela bromides metal kwealkali:

KBr (potassium bromide) + H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HBr (wakhululwa njenge gas)

3. Njengoko a yi-kwimveliso hydrogen bromide zingafumaneka kule Yindibanisela oganikhi khompawundi bromoproizvodnyh.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo hydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic acid - igesi ngaphandle umbala kokuba ivumba elibi kwaye ihlaba. Ngamandla uyatshaya emoyeni. Kuye ukumelana eliphezulu kumaqondo obushushu.

2. zichithakala Well e H2O (amanzi), kunye ethanol ukwenza i electrolyte. I HBr Isisombululo zolwelo wakha azeotrope ukuba amathumba kubushushu degrees 124. Xa ilitha enye yamanzi iyachithakala malunga nesiqingatha ilitha hydrogen bromide (kwi-0 degrees).

3. Inkqubo sokupholisa isisombululo zolwelo hydrogen bromide carbohydrate crystalline nibe senilungile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Iifom bromide ezicocekileyo ziikristale yenkqubo crystal orthorhombic, iqela isithuba F mmm.

5. Xa lobushushu degrees -66,8 liba ulwelo, kwaye kwi - 87 degrees Ukuguqulwa kolwelo.

Iipropati lwemichiza hydrogen bromide:

1. Iifom acid hydrobromic ngokuthi zakudibana namanzi esiti enamandla monobasic. Le ndlela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

HBr + H2O (amanzi) = Br- (bromine anion) + H3O + (hydronium ion)

2. Le iyamelana lobushushu eliphezulu, kunjalo, ngo 1000 izidanga malunga 0.5% yazo zonke molecule enziwe ibolile:

2HBr (hydrobromic acid) = H2 (hydrogen molecule) + Br2 (bromine molecule)

3. ithatyathwa qhagamshelana umchiza imichiza idityaniswe ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi kwakunye neziseko zazo kunye oxides. Imizekelo reactions:

2HBr + mg (wemagniziyam) = MgBr2 (wemagniziyam bromide) + H2 (wakhululwa njenge gas)
2HBr + Cao (calcium oxide) = CaBr2 (calcium bromide) + H2O (amanzi)
HBr + NaOH (sodium hayidroksayidi) = NaBr (sodium bromide) + H2O (amanzi)

4. bromide kwakhona arhente nokunciphisa. Oku oxidized umoya kancinane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izisombululo zayo zolwelo emva kwethuba zipeyintwe brown. Indlela abasabela iya kuba loo:

4HBr (hydrobromic acid) + O2 (mpilo) = 2Br2 (bromine molecule) + 2H2O (amanzi)

isicelo

Bromide isetyenziselwa ukudala (kuyondelelaniswe) avela ezahlukeneyo bromine oganikhi kunye nokulungiselela bromides ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi. Kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu bromide yesilivere ziye zasetyenziswa ekuvelisweni ifilimu materials lokushicilela.

Indlela zokuhamba

Iziqulathi-68, okanye capacitance seelitha 6.8 phantsi koxinzelelo of umoya 24.