I-Ballerina Marina Semenova: biography, ubomi bomntu, isithombe

UMarina Timofeevna Semenova, i-ballerina evela kuThixo, wazalwa eSt. Petersburg ngoJuni 12, 1908. Wadansa ukusuka kwixesha elithile emela ezinyaweni zakhe, okokuqala, waza wafunda emgodini womdaniso. Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, wamkelwa kwisikolo somdaniso, apho unina wayengumama wengcamango yeSoviet ballet kaGalina Ulanova, uMF Romanova.

Inkwenkwezi

Walambile kwaye ubanda ngo-1918. E-St. Petersburg, kwakungekho mnandi kakhulu, kodwa eklasini konke oku kuyilibalekile. Utitshala onwabileyo kwaye angenakunyamekela ekufundiseni intombazana yayithandana, yaye uMarina wayemthanda nje utitshala wakhe. Yimangaliswa yintoni kunye nentlungu, xa ibhola le-ballerina lifumene ukuba uyadluliselwa kwiklasi kwaye ngoko, ngoku kufuneka afunde kwi-AY Vaganova engqongqo. Nangona kunjalo, isifundo sokuqala sabonisa ukuba uAgrippina Yakovlevna akakwazi ukudumisa kuphela abafundi, kodwa ukunyaniseka. Ulwalamano lwasungulwa.

UGalina Ulanova akazange nje abe nonina i-ballerina, intsapho yakhe yonke yayiqulethwe ngabaculi belifa, kwanokuqala kwesi sihlandlo kwalahleka kwizizukulwana. Kwaye uMarina Semenova wakhulela kwintsapho elula kwaye enkulu - unina unabantwana abathandathu. Ubaba wafa kusasa, kwaye umama waphinda watshata emva kweminyaka embalwa. U-Marina Semenova unethamsanqa: unothambile, unomusa kwaye unesihawu, obone izinto ezininzi ebomini, umnqwelisi wamanzi waba ngu-6 osondeleyo kunye nomntu osondeleyo, uyise wesibini.

Indlela eya kwiballet

Umhlobo osondelene nonina ka-Marina, u-Ekaterina Evgenievna, wayengumdlili we-ballet, odla rhoqo ngeenombolo zakhe zeemidlalo kwiikonsathi zothando, naye wabakhokela iqela lokudansa, apho kwafika oodade ababini-Valeria noMarina. Kwinkqubo yokufundisa lo mboniso awubonakali nje ngeeplastiki kunye nomculo omangalisayo, kodwa nenjongo, kwaye ayinqabile kwimisebenzi yakhe yobudala. U-Ekaterina Evgenievna, emva kokuphulaphula ukuphononongwa komhlobo wakhe, wagqiba ekubeni intombazana kufuneka iqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ballet.

Nangona kunjalo, kwisikolo sokumema, uMarina Semenova ekuqaleni akazange enze ingcamango efanelekileyo. Wayenomzimba omncinci, omncinci kwaye unamahloni. Kwaye wayenethamsanqa kwakhona. Phakathi kwabahloli kwakuyiViktor Semenov, omnye wabadlali abahamba phambili beMaryinsky Theatre. Mhlawumbi waphawula intombazana entombazana leyo, kodwa akazange aphikisele ikhomishoni, nje ngendlela endibuza ngayo ukuba ndiyithabathe esikolweni samagama akhe.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Ngoxa wayefunda esikolweni, u-Marina Timofeevna Semyonova waqala ukuthatha inxaxheba kumanani amancinci amancinci, kwaye wenza iindawo eziphambili zebhalts ukukhululwa. "Umlambo" weDelibes, ukuhlolwa kwakhe kokugqibela kwi-stage yaseMariinsky, yaba nomsindo phakathi kwabafundi kunye nabathandi beballet. Ngaphezu koko, uMarina Semyonova wenza le nkcazo isiganeko esikhulu kwixesha lezemidlalo laseLeningrad.

Kwamaphephancwadi kwakukho ukuphononongwa ngentshiseko, apho uMarina wafaniswa noAna Pavlova, wachaza uvuyo olumnandi nolusandi lwalo holo. Ukubonga okungafaniyo kubangelwa nguMarina Timofeevna Semenova oneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala, owaziwa nje nje waqala ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo.

Ukuqala kumsebenzi

Ngubani obengazi ngoko ukuba ulonwabo lokuthetha kunye nebhola le-bergerina elihle kakhulu, oye wakhuphula abadansi abanamakhono alinganayo, akayi kuhlala ngaphezulu okanye engaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-86. UMarina Timofeevna Semenova, i-biography ebeminyaka yakhe yobomi yayiqhamo, kangangokude, yahlala phantse iminyaka eyikhulu namibini. Kwaye ke lo mfana osemtsha uVaganova wafaniswa kanye kunye nawo onke amabhola aqhelekileyo kumaxesha adlulileyo. Kwaye "iTaglioni yekhulu lama-20" yabizwa ngegama.

I-Leningrad Theater yayigxininiswe ngumfundi ophumelele kwisikolo sokwenza umsebenzi kangangokuthi kule meko yonke izithethe zamabhalts ubudala ubudala zaphulwa. Inkqubo yomdaniso wayesezingeni elinjalo elingenakufunyanwa kubafundi abaqhelekileyo ukuba uMarina Semenova emva kokuvavanywa kokugqibela waba ngu-ballerina ohamba phambili kwiqela! Akukho mntu wamchasa, wonk 'ubani wambona indlela aqhubela phezulu, ukuba kulula kangakanani ukugxuma umgama uhamba ngesiqingatha sesigaba.

Ballet zakhe

U-Marina Timofeevna Semenova, umfanekiso obonisa imifanekiso eyahlukahlukeneyo eyenziwe nguye kwisiteji, udansa ngokuzikhethela kuphela. I talente ephezulu yokuzalwa kwakhona yamvumela ukuba angene kwaye azalisekise nayiphi na indima yakhe.

Masha ukusuka kwi "Nutcracker" - ukukhanya kunye ngexesha elifanayo lusizi, liyinyani kwaye lixesha elifanayo limnandi; UKitri ovela kwi-ballet "Don Quixote" - uyaziqhenyisa, ezele, ezele umlilo kunye nemihlali; U-Esmeralda, umfana omncinci, ongenangqiqo, ongenakufumana, ngexesha elifanayo ukutsala kunye nokugquma-abafana abaluhlukileyo abaneendima ezichasene nazo baphumelela ngokufanayo.

UGiselle wayelungileyo kwaye wazisa udumo lweMarina Semenova kwiholide eParis, apho waqala khona "eGiselle". Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwirepta kaMarina Giselle.

Iminyaka engaboniyo

Ngaloo xesha wayelungileyo obuhle. Kwaye ke, ndazi ukuba ndabalulekile. Wayezungezwe ngabantu abaphakamileyo ababukeka bebukela ubuhle kunye netalenta uMarina Semyonova, i-ballerina, wayeziqhayisa. Ubomi bomntu bodwa bulethe uvavanyo oluninzi.

Umyeni wakhe, owayesebenza njenge-ambassador eTurkey, wabanjwa ngokukhawuleza ngo-1937, yaye uMarna wayede ephantsi kokuboshwa indlu, okokuqala njengomfazi weentshaba zabantu, kwaye kamva waba ngumfazi womrhwebi ezweni lakubo. Kwimeko yokuqala, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba uphile, nangona kwakungekho lula ukusebenza, okwesibini ulindele ukulunga kwendwendwe kunye nesuskethi ngelineni.

Ngoko ingonyama yelizwe, intyatyambo ye-Soviet elite, i-glittering in receptions, ngenxa yokuba wayethetha iilwimi ezintle, ngakumbi isiFrentshi, wacelwa ukuba alele phantsi aze alinde kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, amandla akhe kuloo minyaka ikhuthaze ngokuphindaphindiweyo: uMarina Semenova wathola isihloko soMculi ohloniphekileyo we-RSFSR ngowe-1937, waba ngumntu oqaqambileyo we-Stalin Prize ngo-1941.

I zi boniso

UBalerina Tatiana Vecheslova ozinikezele uMarina Semyonova uninzi lwamagama athando, afudumele encwadini yakhe. Wabhala ukuba umdaniso osemncinci wayesele eyingcamango, engqondweni yakhe, yonke into evulekileyo, ngoko kuyavumelana.

"La Bayadère", "Raymonda", "Ukulala Ubuhle", "Intombi kaFaro", "I-Humpbacked Horse", "uCoppelia" - UMarina wafunda yonke umdlalo ngeenyanga ezimbalwa. Udansa ngaphandle kokukhathala kunye nokuphumelela okuqhubekayo kuluntu. U-AV Lunacharsky utshele iSp Diaghilev eParis ukuba indlela enhle ngayo intsha uSemyonov eLeningrad. UStefan Zweig, ebona uMarina esecaleni, wachaza ngekamva elihle.

"ILake Lake"

I-repertoire yeklastiki yayifumaneke ngokubanzi kwiphepha le-ballerina enhle. Kwakukho elinye i-début kwindawo ebonakalayo yasePyotr Tchaikovsky: I-Semyonova idansa inxalenye ephambili kwiballet "yaseLake Lake". UMarina wayenomdla obonakalayo kubabhekayo ukuba intombazana enamahloni, eyatshitshiweyo, iphulaphule ukuvuma ngaphandle kokungazi nantoni ngento yokwenene, kunye neentaka, ezinamandla, ezithintekayo, zilwela inkululeko apho amaphiko amhlophe angasasazeka aze aphephe khona.

U-Siegfried wadansa u-namesake ofanayo - uViktor Alexandrovich Semyonov, oyinkulumbuso yecandelo lezemidlalo kunye nomlawuli wezobugcisa waseLeningrad School, lowo wayembolele kakhulu kwaye wayeneminyaka emibini ubudala. Lo mahluko akazange amthintele ekufezeni isandla somlingane othandekayo aze abe ngumyeni wakhe wokuqala. Amagama ashada.

Kwiminyaka yesithathu, uMarina noVictor badluliselwa kwi-Bolshoi Theatre, bathuthela eMoscow, apho ubomi benkwenkwebhantsina bade bhanya ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, imibala emitsha. Umyeni nomfazi, nangona babesetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana ngamabini, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi babenomdla, bahamba kunye, kodwa abazange bavumele ukuba banandiphe ixesha elide. Esi sibini sahlukana, kwaye uMarina Semyonova, ngaphandle kokumisela umtshato wakhe ngokusemthethweni, waba ngumfazi welizwekazi kunye ne-diplomat eyaziwayo uLM Karakhan.

Nangona i-Semyonova yayiphuthelwa kakhulu kwisixeko sayo esikulo, malunga nendawo yokuzonwabisa eyayiyintandokazi, malunga nomcebisi wakhe ongcono kakhulu, wayenza lula ukuba indima indima. Ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe kuye kwakungekho, kwaye wayeyithanda kakhulu imveliso emitsha yemidlalo yanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, intsandwayo, inkumbulo enomdla yintliziyo yinxaxheba kaOdette evela "kwiLake Lake".

Pedagogy

Kwakhona kwakuye ixesha apho ndifanele ndizinikele ngokupheleleyo kwisizukulwana esizayo somdaniso. Kwiminyaka emashumi amahlanu uMarina Timofeevna Semenova waqala ukuba ngumsebenzi ongaphantsi wesiganeko wokufundisa. Kwaye khumbula, khumbula ... kwaye imemori yabuyela kwabanye. Ngo-1997 i-Glinka Opera yabuyela kwiBolshoi Theatre, ehamba kunye ne "Swan Lake" yayikhonze njengekhadi lokutyelela yeyona midlalo yebalaseleyo yelizwe, u-Marina Timofeevna wayehleli kwindawo ehloniphekileyo kwiholo, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi bakhumbula indlela enokwakheka ngayo, ebudeni be-1945. Danced kwi-opera "Ivan Susanin" le waltz emangalisayo.

I-hero ye-Socialist Labor, uProfesa uRATI, uMculi we-People of the USSR uzukise i-ballet yaseSoviet kungekuphela nje komsebenzi wezobugcisa, kodwa kunye ne-pedagogical. Amagama abafundi bakhe abangaqinisekanga bafaka ingqungquthela kunokuba naluphi na uphahla. Apha ke, amakhosikazi amahle aseballet awakhulisa, iklasi ye-Marina Semenova yenkwenkwezi ye "Semyonovsky", njengolu hlobo olulandelayo: iMaya Plisetskaya, uNataliya Bessmertnova, uNadezhda Pavlova, uNine Timofeeva, uNataliya Kasatkina, uLyudmila Semenyaka kunye nabanye abaninzi abavela kwi-ballet yaseRussia .

I-centenary ye-ballerina ngo-2008, yonke iMoscow yayigubha kwizinga eliphezulu. I-Bolshoi Theatre yabonisa ngokuchanekileyo loo mabhalane apho uMarina Semenova whanya khona: i-Swan Lake, iRaymonda kunye neLa Bayadere. Wasinda kuzo zonke iinguqulelo zethu, zonke iimfazwe zethu, kodwa akazange atshintshe ubugcisa beklasi nakwixesha elinzima kakhulu. Kwakhona waba neminyaka eyikhulu leminyaka ebhiyozelwayo kwaye wabhiyozelwa. Wafa ngomnyaka weshumi nesibini wobomi bakhe obuhle, ngo-2010. Bamngcwaba uMarina Semenova eMangcwabeni eNoodevichye.