I-Cancer ye-cecum: iimpawu, izizathu, izigaba

I-Cancer ye-cecum yinto yesifo esiya kwi-11% yabantu. Kule ngxenye yamathumbu, izilonda ezinobunzima zivame ukuvela, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziba zibi.

Izizathu

Okwangoku, oogqirha abazange bafunde umhlaza we-cecum ekupheleni, ngoko ke izizathu ezikufutshane ziyaziwa.

Ezi ziquka:

• Iimpawu ze-neoplasms eziphathekayo ezinobungozi kunye nobunzima.
• Izifo zesistim sokutya (iipolps, i-ulcerative colitis nabanye).
• Ukutya okunomdla kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana zezilwanyana kunye ne-carbohydrates ecocekileyo ngobuninzi.
• Hypodinamy.
• Heredity.
• Ubudala bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-48.
• Ukutshaya imveliso yecuba.
• Ubukho beepillumom zohlobo lwe-16.
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kotywala.
• Ixesha elingapheliyo leengqondo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamayeza.
• Sebenza kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi.
• Iinkqubo zeMetabolic ezenzeka emzimbeni phambi kobunzima obukhulu kunye nesifo sikashukela.

Isondlo esingenakulungeleleneyo, esingenayo inani elaneleyo leemifuno kunye neyezilimo, okugqithisa kakhulu umgudu wokutya. Ukuba umzimba womntu awufumani inani elifunekayo le-fiber, ngoko kuqaliswa inkqubo yokuvumba. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo, inkqubo yokuphuhlisa izidumbu ze-carcinogen ezenza ingozi enkulu empilweni iqaliswe.

Imikhwa emibi iphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye idibanise umsebenzi we-vascular system.

Ukuphila kwindlela yokuphila kunokukhokelela ekuhlaleni nasekuhlaleni kwamanzi. Oku kuphazamisa umsebenzi wamathumbu kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuxutywa kwezinto ezincedo ngeendonga zamathumbu.

I-Hereditary factor yandisa umngcipheko wesifo ngenxa ye-34%.

Iimpawu

Izibonakaliso zomhlaza we-cecum:

• Igazi kunye ne-mucus emanzini.
• Ukukhathazeka kunye nentlungu kwindawo yesisu, enokunikezelwa kwicala lasekunene.
• Ubuthathaka obunjalo.
• Ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukunciphisa ukutya.
• Ukunyuselwa kwamaninzi amafecal.
• Ivumba le-stool liyaqina kwaye alibi.
• Indlela yokutyelela indlu yangasese ididekile.
• Ukuvela kwegazi.
• Ukulahleka komzimba.
• Ukwanda kwindleko yomzimba.
• Isihlunu.
• Ukukhupha.
• Ubuhlungu kwisibilini esisezantsi.

Umhlaza we-cecum, iimpawu zazo ezichazwe ngasentla, kunzima ukuzibheka. Xa kubonakala uphawu olunye, kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Kulo mfanekiso ungabona i-cecum.

Izigaba zesifo

Oogqirha bahlukanisa izigaba ezi-5 zomhlaza wesifo.

• Isigaba seZero. Isisu sinesayizi encinci. Kuphela izicatshulwa eziphezulu zeendonga zamathumbu amakhulu zichaphazelekayo. I-lymph nodes ayichaphazelekayo, i-metastasis ayikho.

• Isigaba sokuqala. I-tumor yangena kwisigaba sesibini nesesithathu seendonga zesithandwa esikhulu. I-lymph nodes ayichaphazelekayo, i-metastase ezikude azifumaneki.

• Isigaba sesibini. Ukubunjwa kwe-tumor kubonakalisa udonga lonke lomathumbu omkhulu kwaye luwela ngaphesheya. I-lymph nodes ayichaphazelekayo, i-metastasis ayikho.

• Isigaba sesithathu. Ukubunjwa okubi kakubi kumalungu kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. Umonakalo we-lymph node ubhalwa, kwaye akukho mastases atholakala.

• I-Cancer ye-cecum yesigaba sesine. Iisisculi kunye nezitho zichaphazeleka yimfundo. Ama-lymph nodes awonakalisiwe, kukho i-metastases.

Ukuhlulwa kwesifo

Ukwahlula kwe-hertological ukwahlukanisa umhlaza we-cecum kwizilwanyana ezilandelayo:

• Adenocarcinomas.
• Emile.
• Undifferentiated.
• Akwahluli.
• Iselmous cell.
• Ploskokletochno-ferruginous.

Ugqirha we-oncologist uphatha umhlaza we-cecum.

Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo

I-Cancer ye-cecum ifunyanwa oogqirha ngeendlela ezininzi.

Okokuqala, zivelisa i-palpation, i-auscultation kunye ne-percussion. Ezi ndlela zivumelekile ukuba zichane indawo yendawo enesifo, isimo sayo, ubukho bombane kwisisu (esiswini) kunye nobukho bomsindo, obwenzeka ngobunzima bendlela yamathambo.

Kwiphezu lesibini, i-rheumatoscopy, irrigoscopy kunye ne-colonoscopy zisetyenziswa. Ngoko, oogqirha baqhuba uvavanyo olubonwayo, bachaze ubukhulu bexhamla kunye nendawo yalo.

Kwindawo yesithathu, i-ultrasound kunye ne-CT imiselwe. Bavumela ukuba baqikelele ukusasazeka kwe-tumor.

Emva kokuba senze zonke iinkqubo, oogqirha baya kuba nokubona umfanekiso opheleleyo wesifo. Ngeziphumo baya kubeka i-diagnostic ngqo.

Unyango lwesifo

Emva kokuba oogqirha baqinisekisa ukuxilongwa komhlaza we- cecum, unyango luqaliswa ngokukhawuleza.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zonyango.

1. Indlela yokusebenza (uphando). Uhlobo oluphambili lwonyango olusetyenziswe naliphi na isigaba sesifo. Ngethuba lokusebenza, ukubunjwa kohlobo olubi kususwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-anastomosis. Ubuninzi beendlela zokugada kuxhomekeke kwindlela esi sifo sisasazeka ngayo.
2. Indlela yokwelapha imitha. Isetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncitshwe izicubu zesisu. Emva kokuhlinzwa, kunceda ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwakhona. Le ndlela inemiphumo emibi, ivela ngohlobo lokukhutshwa kwesitampu, isisongela, ukuhlanza nokubonakala kwisigxina segazi kunye ne-mucus.
3. Indlela ye chemotherapy. Le ndlela isetyenziswa njenge-monotherapy, kwakunye nokudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza amaninzi. Ezi ziquka iziyobisi: "i-fluorouracil" kunye ne-calcium folinate okanye "fluorouracil" kunye "mitomycin."

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bafaka i-anastomosis. Isetyenziswe xa kungenakwenzeka ukuba kususwe i-tumor endaweni yeethambo ezichaphazelekayo. I-Anastomosis isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi kwizigaba ezikufutshane zesifo. Umthamo wokungenelela ngophakanyiswa ukwandiswa xa ukubunjwa kwefomu elibi kufikelela kwiisculi kunye nezitho ezikufuphi. Kukwasetyenziswa kwakhona ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.

Forecast

Ukuba unyango lwaluqhutyelwa kwinqanaba le-zero kwaye liphumelele, izinga lokulinda loogqirha li-95%. Ngenxa yempawu ezinzima, isifo asikwazi ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza.

Xa unyango lwenziwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-forecast is 91%. Oku kubangelwa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zichaphazela isahlulo sesibini nesithathu sesibilini.

Ukuba unyango luqhutyelwa kwinqanaba lesibini, izinga lokusinda lihluka ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya kuma-82%. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela inzulu ngayo i-tumor ikhulile ibe zicubu ezikufutshane.

Unyango kwinqanaba lesithathu liqinisekisa ukuba kusinda isigulane kwi-42-63% kuphela. Ezi zikhombisi zixhomekeke kwiimeko ezimbi ezichaphazelekayo malunga ne-tumor nokuba ngaba i-lymph nodes zichaphazelekayo.

Ulwaphulo lokugqibela kwisigaba sokugqibela (sesine) siqinisekisa ukuba sisinda ngo-6-10% kuphela kwiminyaka engama-6-7 emva kokunyanga.

La manani atholakala ngexesha lokufunda.

Thintelo

Ukuze ukhusele isifo, kufuneka ugcine imithetho embalwa elula:

• Gwema iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo.
• Yidla ngendlela efanelekileyo.
• Lahla imikhwa emibi.
• Hambisa ngaphezulu kwaye wenze imidlalo.
• Gcina umkhondo wakho wempilo.

Ukuba unomdla, uza kutyelela rhoqo ugqirha uze ufumane iimvavanyo. Ngoko, ngokubonakala kwesifo esifana nesifo somhlaza we-cecum, isigaba esinye okanye isithuba sinika ithuba elihle lokuphila ngokuzeleyo ngokubonelelwa ngoncedo olufike ngexesha.

Ukuba ufumene iimpawu zesifo somhlaza we-cecum, ngoko nangoko uthintane nodokotela. Ngoko, xa uqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ungaqala unyango, kwaye uza kuba nethuba elingcono lokubuyisela.