I-Italian Mafia: imbali yembonakalo, amagama kunye negama

Akukho namnye umntu namhlanje oweva ngeefia. Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-18 leminyaka eli gama lafakwa kwisichazizwi soLwimi lwaseNtaliyane. Kuyaziwa ukuba ngo-1866 amagunya ayazi malunga namafiya, okanye ubuncinane oko kwakubizwa ngokuba yili gama. I-consul yaseBrithani eShilicia yabika kwilizwe lakubo ukuba wayeshumayela rhoqo ngemisebenzi yeefia, egcina izixhumanisi kunye nezigebengu kwaye inayo imali eninzi ...

Igama elithi "mafia", inokwenzeka kakhulu, inezimpande zeArabhu kwaye livela kwigama elithi: mu`afah. Inentsingiselo ezininzi, kodwa akukho namnye kubo othe walingana nale nto yaza yaziwa ngokuba "mafia". Kodwa kukho enye ingcamango yokwanda kweli gama e-Italy. Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kwenzeka ngexesha lokuvuswa kwe-1282. E-Sicily kwakukho iingxabano zentlalo. Baya eembalweni njenge "Sicilian Vespers". Ngexesha loqhankqalazo, ukukhala okunye kwazalwa, okukhawuleza kuthatyathwa ngabaqhankqalazi, kwazwakala ngathi: "Ukufa kweFransi! Die, Italy! "Ukuba ubhala iileta zokuqala zegama elifutshane kwisiTaliyane, kuya kufana ne" MAFIA ".

Umbutho wokuqala we-Mafia e-Itali

Qinisekisa imvelaphi yale nzeka kunzima kakhulu kune-etymology yegama. Iimbali-mlando ezininzi ezazifunda i-mafia zifuna ukuba inhlangano yokuqala yenziwe ngekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Ngaloo mihla, iinkonzo ezifihlakeleyo ezadalwa ukulwa noMbuso oyiNgcwele waseRoma zaziwa. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba imithombo yeefia njengento ebunzima kufuneka ifunwe kwitrone yeenqwelomoya. Ngenxa yokuba basebenzise iinkonzo zabantu abangathembekiyo nabaphangi abangazange bafune umvuzo omkhulu ngomsebenzi wabo, ngenjongo yokutyelela iinxalenye zedolophu ezahlukileyo ngokwenza umsebenzi olwaphulo-mthetho. Isizathu sokuba izixhobo zobugebengu kwinkonzo karhulumente zanelisekile ezincinci kwaye zingenayo imivuzo emikhulu kukuba zithatha izifumbathiso ukuze ukumkani angaqapheli ukuphulwa kwemithetho.

Kwaye mhlawumbi owokuqala babeyi "Gabelloti"?

Okwesithathu, kodwa ingekho phantsi kweengcamango ezibonakalayo zokuvela kwe-Mafia ibonisa intlangano ethi "Gabelli", eyenziwa njengoluhlobo lomphakathi phakathi kwabasimili kunye nabantu abanomhlaba. Abameli be "Gabelloti" babenembopheleleko yokuqokelela umvuzo. Imbali ayicacile malunga nendlela abantu abakhethwe ngayo kule ntlangano. Kodwa bonke abo babesesifubeni se "Gabelloti" bezingcolileyo ngesandla. Kungekudala badala i-caste ehlukeneyo kunye nemithetho yabo kunye nekhowudi. Isakhiwo sasingabalulekanga, kodwa saba nempembelelo enkulu kwisizwe saseTaliyane.

Akukho nanye yeengcamango ezichazwe ngasentla ziye zavunywa. Kodwa nganye yakhiwa kwinto enye eqhelekileyo - umgama omkhulu phakathi kwamaSicilian kunye nabasemagunyeni, abaye bacinga ukuba unqunywe, unobulungisa kwaye awukho, kwaye, ngokwemvelo, ufuna ukususa.

Amafiya ayenzeka njani?

Ngaloo mihla, abalimi baseSicilian babengenamalungelo. Waziva ehlazekile kwimeko yakhe. Uninzi lwabantu abaqhelekileyo basebenze kwi-latifundia - amabhizinisi aphantsi kwamakhosi amakhulu. Ukusebenza kwi-latifundia yayisisigxina esinzima kwaye singaphantsi.

Ukunganeliseki ngamandla asontshiswe njengomoya, ngenye imini kwafuneka umlilo. Ngoko kwenzeka: abaphathi bayeka ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yabo. Kwaye abantu banyula urhulumente omtsha. Ezi zikhundla ezifana ne-amici (umhlobo) kunye ne-uomini yedonore (abantu bodumo) zathandwa, ezaba ngabagwebi beendawo kunye nookumkani.

Iintlonelo ezithembekileyo

Inqaku elithakazelisayo malunga ne-Italiya mafia itholakala kuBrydon Patrick encwadini yakhe Uhambo oluya eSicily naseMalta, elibhalwa ngo-1773. Umbhali ubhala: "Amagqabi ayenabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu kwisiqithi sonke. Babenenjongo ezintle kunye neenjongo zothando. La mabhinqa ayenayo ikhowudi yokuhlonipha, kwaye abo bawaphula ngokukhawuleza bafa. Beyinyaniso kwaye ayinakuziphatha. Ukubulala umntu kwi-bandit yaseSicilian ayithethi nantoni na ukuba umntu unetyala lomphefumlo. "

Amazwi atyhulwe nguPatrick afanelekileyo nanamhla. Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba ukuba iItaly iphantse ilahle i-mafia kanye kunye. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lolawulo lukaMusolol. Intloko yamapolisa yalwa namafiya nesixhobo sakhe. Abasemagunyeni babengayazi inceba. Kwaye nje ngoMafiosi, akazange adideke phambi kwesibhozo.

Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili kunye ne-Mafia

Mhlawumbi, ukuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili ingazange iqalise, asiyi kuthetha ngento efana ne-mafia. Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ukufika kwamaMelika eSicily kwafanisana nemikhosi. KwaMerika, i-Mafia yaba ngumthombo wedwa wolwazi malunga nendawo kunye namandla kaMasolini. KuMafiosi ngokwabo, intsebenziswano kunye namaMerika ngokuqinisekileyo inkululeko yokuthatha isenzo kwi siqithi emva kokuphela kwemfazwe.

Sifunda kwakhona ngeengxoxo ezifanayo kwincwadi ethi "UThixo Omkhulu" uVito Bruskini: "I-Mafia yayinenkxaso yabalingani, kungoko bekusezandleni zayo ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo zoncedo - iintlobo zokutya ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kuPalermo ukutya kwathathwa ekubaleni ukuba kukho abantu abangamakhulu amahlanu amawaka. Kodwa, ekubeni uninzi lwabantu ludlulela kwindawo enokuthula yasemaphandleni ecaleni kweso sixeko, i-mafia yayinethuba lokususa uncedo lwabantu abasalayo kwimarike emnyama emva kokuhambisa. "

Nceda iMafia empini

Ekubeni i-mafia nayo iqhube iindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphathekayo kubasemagunyeni ngexesha loxolo, ngokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, iqhubela phambili ngokuqhubekayo imisebenzi enjalo. Ubuncinane ibhokisi elithile elibhalwe ngokuchithwa liyaziwa kwimbali, xa i-tank brigade ethi "Goering", eyayimiswe phantsi kwamaNazi, yaxhaswa ngamanzi kunye neoli. Ngenxa yoko, amathangi atshisa iinjinjini, kwaye oomatshini endaweni yephambili babekho kwiindibano zocweyo.

Ngexesha lomkhosi

Emva kokuba amaqabane ahlala kwisiqithi, impembelelo yamafiya yandisa. Kwarhulumente wezempi, "izigwenxa eziqondayo" zazivame ukuqeshwa. Ukuze singabi nasisigxina, masibe sichaze amanani: ukusuka kwiidolophu ezingama-66, eziphambili kwi-62 zazingabakho abavela e-underworld. Ukuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kweefia kwakunxulumene nemali yokutshala imali eyayihlanjululwa ngaphambili kwishishini kunye nokuphindaphinda kwabo ekuthengiseni iziyobisi.

Isimbo somntu ngamnye we-mafia waseItali

Ilungu ngalinye le-Mafia laqonda ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wadibana nenxaxheba yengozi, ngoko wayekhathalele ukuba intsapho yakhe ayizange ihlupheke xa kwenzeka ukufa "kwesinkwa".

Kwintlalo, iMafiosi ijeziswa kakhulu ngenxa yamanyathelo abo kunye namapolisa, kwaye nangakumbi nangenxa yokusebenzisana kwabo. Umntu akazange avunywe kwisangqa se-mafia, ukuba unesihlobo esivela kumapolisa. Kwaye ukuba kubonakale kwiindawo zoluntu kunye nommeli womyalelo kunye nomyalelo onokubulala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwintsapho akuzange kwamkelwe. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi uMafiosi babethandana bobabini, kwaye isilingo sasilungile kakhulu.

I-mafia yaseNtaliyane inokugcina ixesha. Ukulahla kuthathwa njengoluhlobo olubi kunye nokungahloneli nabo. Ngexesha leentlanganiso kunye neentshaba, nabani na onqatshelwe ukubulala umntu. Ngokumalunga nama-mafia aseItali bathi ukuba nangona iintsapho zilwa kunye, azifuni ukuhlaselwa ngenyameko kumncintiswano kwaye kaninzi zibhalise ihlabathi.

Imithetho ye-Italian Mafia

Omnye umthetho othi i-mafia yaseItaly iyamhlonela-intsapho ingaphezu kwayo yonke, akukho buxoki phakathi kwayo. Ukuba impendulo yombuzo yayiyinkohliso, kwakukholelwa ukuba umntu uthengisa intsapho. Ulawulo, eqinisweni, alukho nto, kuba lenze intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-Mafia ephephile. Kodwa akubona bonke abalandelayo. Kwaye naphi na inani elikhulu lemali eliguquguqukayo, ukungcatsha kwakusisiseko sokubambisana kobudlelwane.

Umphathi we-mafia wase-Italy kuphela onokuvumela amalungu eqela lakhe (intsapho) ukuba aphange, abulale okanye ahlanganyele ekuphanga. Akuzange kwamkelwe ukutyelela imivalo ngaphandle kwesidingo esiphuthumayo. Emva koko, uMafiosi owayedakiwe wayenokwenkqisa malunga nosapho olungenakunqwenela.

I-Vendetta: impindezelo yegazi kwintsapho

I-Vendetta - impindezelo ngokuphula imithetho yentsapho okanye ukungcatsha. Iqela ngalinye lalinomsebenzi walo, ezinye zazo ziyamangaliswa ngonya. Kwakungabonakaliswa kwintlongo okanye izixhobo ezibulalayo zokubulala, njengokuba umthetho, ixhoba labulawa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa emva kokufa kunye nomzimba wecala, bangenza nantoni na. Kwaye, njengomthetho, benza.

Kuyinto enomdla ukuba ulwazi malunga nemithetho ye-Mafia ngokubanzi lube lukarhulumente kuphela ngo-2007, xa uyise we-Italy mafia uSalvatore La Piccola engena ezandleni zamapolisa. Phakathi kwamaxwebhu eemali yomphathi "Cosa Nostra" efunyenweyo kunye nekhontrakthi yentsapho.

I-Italian Mafia: amagama kunye negama eliye lahlelwa kwimbali

Akunakukukhumbula njani uCharles Luciano, obandakanyekayo kunye nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi kunye nenethiwekhi yamabhotela? Okanye, umzekelo, uFrank Costello, owayenesiqhankqalazo "uNdunankulu"? Amagama aseItaliya amafiya ayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngokukodwa emva kweHollywood yahlolisisa amabali amaninzi ngamagundane. Yintoni eboniswa kwizikrini ezinkulu ziyinyaniso, kwaye yiyiphi into eqanjiweyo-engaziwayo, kodwa iyabulela kwiifilimu ezanamhlanje zazingenzeka ukuba zithandane nomfanekiso weefia zase-Italiya. Ngendlela, i-mafia yaseNtaliyane inithanda ukunika igama lomnxeba kuwo onke amalungu alo. Abanye bakhetha ngokwabo. Kodwa igama lesidlaliso lihlala lihambelana nembali okanye iimpawu zeMafiosi.

Amagama aseMaliya aseMaliya, njengomthetho, abaphathi abalawula yonke intsapho, oko kukuthi, bafezekise impumelelo enkulu kulo msebenzi onzima. Uninzi lwamaqela emigundane afana nomsebenzi onzima, iimbali aziwa. Amafiya aseNtaliyane akhona nanamhla, nangona amaninzi aseItaliya aphendulela amehlo apha. Khawulwe ngoku, xa egqithini le-20 leminyaka yokuqala, malunga nentsingiselo. Ngamanye amaxesha amapolisa ayakwazi ukubamba "inhlanzi enkulu" kwi-hook, kodwa ininzi yeMafiosi iyafa ngokufa kwindoda ebuthathaka okanye ifa ngenxa yempu ebusheni bayo.

"Inkwenkwezi" entsha phakathi kweMafiosi

Ngaphantsi kwengxelo yokungaqiniseki yi-mafia yaseNtaliyane. Iinyaniso ezinomdla malunga nalo - inkululeko enkulu, kuba i-arhente yokunyanzeliswa komthetho e-Italy ihlangabezana neengxaki ukuze ifunde ngezenzo zeMafiosi ubuncinane into ethile. Ngamanye amaxesha banenhlanhla, kwaye uluntu lube lucalucalulo, kwaye nolwazi olunomdla.

Nangona abantu abaninzi, emva kokuva amazwi athi "i-mafia yaseNtaliyane", khumbula iCosa Nostra eyaziwayo okanye, umzekelo, uCamorre, umndeni onamandla kunye nokhohlakeleyo "nguNdrangenta". Emuva kwamashumi amahlanu, iqela lafuduka kwindawo yalo, kodwa kwada kwada kwasa kwasalela emthunzini wabakhuphiswano bawo. Kwenzeka njani ukuba ezandleni za "Ndrangent" kwakuyi-80% yendlela yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kulo lonke elaseYurophu Union - oogxa nabo bayamangaliswa yimigundane. Amafiya aseNtaliyane "Ndrangenta" anomvuzo wonyaka we-53 billion.

Kukho intsomi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezigundane: "I-Ndrangenta" inezimpande ezinamandla. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-syndicate yasungulwa ngamagqabi aseSpeyin, ayenomgomo wokuphindiselela udade wabo. Igosa linalo lokuba iiklani zijezisa inetyala, kwaye zona ngokwazo zaya ejele iminyaka engama-30. Kuyo, bachitha iminyaka engama-29 kunye neentsuku ezingama-29. Enye yee-knights, ngokubanzi, yayisungula i-mafia. Abanye baqhubeka ibali ngokuthi abanye abazalwana babini ngabaphathi be "Cosa Nostra" kunye ne "Camorra". Wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba oku kuyingcamango, kodwa luphawu loba i-mafia yaseItaliya iyayixabisa kwaye iyayiqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kweentsapho kwaye ihambelana nemithetho.

Mafia olawulo

Isihloko esona sihloniphekileyo nesigunyazisiweyo sandile "njengomphathi wezo zonke ii-Boss". Kuyaziwa ukuba ubuncinane uMafia unesihloko esinjalo-igama lakhe linguMatte Denaro. Okwesibini kwi-hierarchy ye-mafia yimixholo ethi "inkosi ingumphathi wabo bonke abaphathi." Unikezelwa kumphathi weentlanga zonke xa ethatha umhlalaphantsi. Esi sihloko asithwali naziphi na amalungelo, ngumvuzo. Kwindawo yesithathu yintloko yintloko yentsapho enye - uncedo. Umcebisi wokuqala we-Don, isandla sakhe sokunene, unesihloko "somcebisi". Akanayo igunya lokuchaphazela imeko yezemicimbi, kodwa i-dong iyayiva imbono yakhe.

Okulandelayo kuza isekela lika-dona - ngokusemthethweni umntu wesibini kwiqela. Enyanisweni, ulandela umcebisi. UCapo ngumntu ozukileyo, ngokuchanekileyo, umphathi wabantu abanjalo. Ziyijoni zamafiya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsapho enye inamaqhawe angama-50.

Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, indoda encinci ngumxholo wokugqibela. Aba bantu abangekho inxalenye ye-Mafia, kodwa bafuna ukuba yiyo, ngoko ke baqhuba izabelo ezincinci zentsapho. Amadoda amancinane abahloniphekileyo abizwa ngokuba ngabahlobo ba mafia. Ngokomzekelo, aba ngamagosa abathatha isifumbathiso, amabhanki axhomekeke kuwo, amapolisa abonakele kunye nezinto ezifana.