I-Nobel Peace Laureates: Uluhlu. Ngubani owamkela i-Nobel Peace Prize?

Mhlawumbi, kuphela umnqweno woluntu ngokuzibonakalisa ngokwayo kunye nezobuqili kubangele ukuvela kwamaphulo angaqhelekanga. Ngoko umfana ogama linguNobel wathatha kwaye wagqiba ekubeni ahambe yakhe imali yakhe kwinzala yakhe ukuze avuze i-mastermasters ezazime kule ndawo okanye kuloo ndawo. Uye wahlala ixesha elide emhlabeni, kodwa abantu bayamkhumbula. Abemi balinde (abanye bengenasineke), xa abanye abanenhlanhla bayakuvakaliswa. Kwaye abaviwa bazama, beka iinjongo, nokuba bafuna ukunyuka, bezama ukunyuka kule nkazimulo ye-Olympus. Yaye ukuba yonke into icacile kunye nososayensi nabaphandi - bafumana iibhaso zabo ngokwenjongo yokufumana okanye ukufumanisa, ngaba ngubani abaphumeleleyo kwiNobel Peace Prize? Inomdla? Masibhale phantsi.

Ngubani kunye nawaphi amabhaso?

Kukho ikomiti ekhethekileyo enomsebenzi oyintloko wokukhetha nokuvuma
Ukutyunjwa kwebhanti ephezulu kule ndawo. I-Nobel Peace Prize inikezelwa kubantu abaye bazihlukanisa ngokomeleza ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza emhlabeni. Ikhutshwa ngonyaka. Inqubo yenzeka e-Oslo, okweshumi kaDisemba. Ngelo xesha, zombini imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye noorhulumente belizwe banokuphakamisa umviwa oza kuba ngumntu othe tye. Zibhalwe kwiCharter's Charter. Nabani na umntu oye okanye ilungu leKomidi yeNobel unelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokutyunjwa. Ukongeza, iCharter inikezela ngamalungelo abo kubafundi beeyunivesiti ezibandakanyeka kwezopolitiko okanye kwimbali.

I-Nobel Peace Prize i-award Prize ibuye ibenamathuba okubonelela ngeenombolo ezibalaseleyo ukuze zizalise izikhundla zazo. Inkqubo yintando yesininzi. Kubalulekile ukulungisa isigqibo sakho. Ngokwemvelo, zikho izinto ezingafanelekiyo okanye iinqununu. Umtyunjwa kufuneka azi umhlaba wonke. Imisebenzi yomntu onjalo ayikwazi ukuba yimfihlo. Kuvuleleke kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Ndimele ndithi i-Nobel Peace Prize yazalwa njengomhlobo "wokuhlengwa kwezono." UAlfred Nobel wayengusosayensi, indoda inomdla kwaye ingabi yimfazwe. Wakhela kwaye wadala i-dynamite. Ishukumise umnqweno wokuvelisa ukunceda uluntu ukuba lukwazi ukuvelisa i-expanses yemvelo, ukukhupha amaminerali ancedo. Wayengazi ukuba "inyoka" eyingozi ekhupha ngayo emhlabeni. Kakade, yayisetyenziselwa injongo yayo. Kuphela kwaba yidumo (ingqondo engalunganga) kwimfazwe. Ngelo xesha i-dynamite yayiyixhobo esiyingozi nesonakalisayo. Hhayi nje kuphela ukuba umvelisi wehlelwe yinto engalindelekanga yeziganeko, ngoko "wahlanjululwa" kwiprogram phantsi kweprogram epheleleyo. Indoda efuna ukunika ihlabathi ithuluzi elifanelekileyo kwaye elisebenzayo lalibizwa ngokuba ngumbulali.

Kwachaphazela uNobel. Ngentando, wayala ukuba afake i-fortune ebhankini. Iimali eziqokelelwayo zihlulwe zibe ziingxenye ezinhlanu, enye yazo yonyaka ukukhupha umntu owazihlukanisa ekumiseni uxolo. Ezi zine ezisele zenzelwe izazinzulu ezazifumana iziphumo ezivelele kwi-physics, chemistry, iyeza kunye nobugcisa (iincwadi).

Ngubani owokuqala?

Nobel wafa ngowe-1896. Ukuthanda kwakhe kuza kuzaliseka emva kwexesha elithile. Ngokwemvelo, kwakudingeka ukuququzelela iziganeko zentlangano, ukuphuhlisa "imithetho" kunye "neenqobo". Abaphumeleleyo bokuqala beNobel Peace Prize babhengezwa ngowe-1901. Kwakukho ababini. Oku kuvunyelwe. Akuyimfuneko ukunika yonke imali kumfundi omnye. Ukuba iKomiti ikholelwa ukuba abantu abaninzi baye babonisa amakhono alinganayo, baye bafumana iziphumo ezifanayo, banikezwa umvuzo omnye. Ngo-1901 baba nguFrederic Passy noJean Henri Dunant. Benze igalelo elikhulu kumsebenzi ngokusekwa kweendlela ezilungiselelwe ukulungisa iingxabano. U-Passy wasebenza kwinqanaba le-parliament. Imizamo yakhe yenze iLungu loMhlaba woxolo. UDunant waba udumo malunga nombono wokwakha iKomiti yamaZwe we-Red Cross. Le nhlangano isabonwa njengowona mkhulu kunabo bonke, iqhuba umthunywa wobuntu. Ukususela ngoko, abantu abangamakhulu anesibini baye banikezelwa ibhaso elifanayo. I-Nobel Peace Prize nayo yanikezelwa kwiibutho ezihlangeneyo. Yayifumana imibutho engamashumi amabini anesihlanu.

Ngubani na ngenxa yamuphi umvuzo weNobel Peace?

I-Laureates, oluhlu lwayo alufihlakele kuluntu jikelele, kubangela ukuphendula okungafaniyo ezintliziyweni zabantu. Abanye bathiwa "ngamajuba ehlabathi", abanye bagwetywa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Amanye amalungu aseburhulumenteni athi awanikezelwe uMvuzo weNobel ongafanelanga. I-Laureates (uluhlu luhluke kumazwe ahlukeneyo) bagxeka kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko.

Kukho uluhlu lwabantu abanobukrakra abanalo eli bhaso. Ngelo xesha, enye inxalenye yomntu iyakholelwa ukuba ifumene umvuzo oyifanelekileyo, omnye uyayiphika le nyaniso. Ingongoma yonke indlela yokuhambelana nemiphumo yemisebenzi yabo. Emva kwakho konke, umzekelo, uGorbachev, owawongwa ngoNobhala weNobel woNyaka ngo-1990, ungokoqobo eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. KwiNtshona, imisebenzi yakhe yokutshabalalisa "ubukhosi obubi" (i-USSR) ithathwa njengongqalileyo, kunye nokuveliswa kweli lizwe elide elihle - inhlekelele enkulu. UMongameli waseRashiya wabiza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba isiganeko esiyingozi, ngokubhekiselele kwiintlungu eziye zawa ngokukhawuleza kwiintloko zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ngendlela, uVt. Putin wayekhethiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze anikezelwe. I-Nobel Peace Prize ayibhalwanga kwiluhlu lweempumelelo zakhe, ngelishwa. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba oku akusikho umqondiso wehlabathi kunye nomsebenzi walo, kodwa umdlalo wezopolitiko.

Eyona mivuzo efanelekileyo

I-Nobel Peace Prize yanikezelwa ngamanani athile. Phakathi kwabo, uMartin Luther King ubonakala engaqondakali ngokufanelekileyo. Lo mntu mkhulu walwa nokuchasana ngokobuhlanga. Wayengumfundisi kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunqoba izinto ezintle ngendlela enokuthula, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindlela ezinobundlobongela. Igalelo lakhe kwidemokhrasi yoluntu lwase-US lisacatshangelwa ngokungaphelelwanga.

Oku kukuvavanywa kweempumelelo zikaNelson Mandela. Wanikwa ibhaso ngo-1993. Ubomi bakhe bunikezelwe kumzabalazo wokulingana kwabemi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umbala wesikhumba. Ngenxa yeengcamango zakhe ezichasene namahlanga, wahlala iminyaka engamashumi amathathu entolongweni, kodwa akazange alahle. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uMandela wayenentlonelo ehloniphekileyo yabemi bakhe. Ingaphantsi kweminyaka emine idlulile ukususela ekukhululweni kwakhe, kwaye wakhethwa ngumongameli waseMzantsi Afrika.

Xa befunda abafumana i-Nobel Peace Prize, ngokuqinisekileyo baqhubela egameni lomnye wezopolitiko, abangenakugxeka imisebenzi yabo. Umntu onjalo ngu-Tenzin Gyatso, uDalai Lama. Lo ngumntu obalaseleyo. Kwakudingeka athathe inkokeli yokomoya ukususela kwiminyaka emncinci. AmaBuddha ayaqaphela le nkwenkwe njengento yokuzalwa yelama elifi. Emva koko, kwafuneka athathe uxanduva lwezopolitiko kwiTibet (eneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo). Yonke imisebenzi yakhe isekelwe kububele, ukunyamezela kunye nothando (ukususela ekwakheni iKomidi yeNobel). Kufuneka ungezelelwe ukuba akavumelani noRhulumente waseTshayina. Ngoku uhlala kwaye uqhuba iingcinga zakhe ekuthinjweni.

Kubonakala ukuba akusiyo yonke into elula!

Kukho ama-laureates aphikisanayo kweli nqanaba eliphezulu. Ikomiti idla ngokugxeka ngenxa yokuba igosa. Izakhamuzi zendawo engemva kweSoviet ezifana nomfanekiso ubonakala uMikhail Gorbachev. I-Nobel Peace Prize nayo yaboniswa kumntu onjalo, onokuphikisana nombono wehlabathi jikelele, njengoYasser Arafat. Esi sigqibo seKomiti sithathwa njengento egxekayo ngenxa yokuba le ndoda ayinakuphika ikhondo lempi ukuze iphumeze iinjongo zakhe. Ngenxa yeakhawunti yakhe, kungekhona nje ukulwa, kodwa ukwenziwa kobugwenxa. Yena ngokwakhe wamemezela injongo yakhe ukutshatyalaliswa kwelizwe lonke (u-Israyeli). Oko kukuthi, nangona u-Arafat alwela inhlalakahle yabantu baseMbindi Mpuma, kunzima ukumnika igama lomgcini woxolo. Omnye umntu onokugxekayo nguBarack Obama. I-Nobel Peace Prize yanikezelwa yona ngo-2009. Ndimele ndithi iKomidi kufuneka ihambisane nezigqibo zokugxeka malunga nesi sigqibo.

Mayelana no-Obama ngaphezulu

Ehlabathini jikelele cinezela ukuba kukho uvo lokuba umongameli we-United States wanikezelwa ngongoma "wokuhamba phambili". Ngaloo xesha, wathatha isikhundla kuphela, akukho nto ebalulekileyo ayizange ihluke. Yaye loo maqhinga kunye nezigqibo awayezithobelayo, azichazi nantoni na, ukuba wanikezelwa yiNobel Peace Prize.

U-Obama uthathwa njengomongameli okhupha inani elikhulu lempi yezempi. Amaxhoba awazibolekisi kwii-calculus ngenxa ye-"hybrid nature" yale mibambano (eli gama libonakala nje nje nje). Kwakudingeka enze isigqibo malunga nokuqhuma ibhomu kunye nokusebenza komhlaba. Ugxeka ngenxa yokuhlasela iSiriya, iimbambano e-Iraq nase-Ukraine. Nangona kunjalo, u-Obama wamkela uMvuzo weNigel Peace and among the

Lo "mvuzo wokuhamba phambili" ukhokelela ekuveleni kwezinto ezintsha. Njengoko iindawo zokuxhatshazeka zikhula, abanye bezopolitiko banomdla wokunciphisa eli bhaso. Kukho uluvo lokuba ukuziphatha okungenalo uxolo kuhlazisa i-premium ephezulu. KwiRussia Federation, ngokwemvelo, bacinga ukuba uVladimir Putin ungumfundi ofanelekileyo. I-Nobel Peace Prize, mhlawumbi, iya kunikwa igalelo ngenxa yokunyaniseka okwenyaniso ekubonakalisweni kweengxabano.

Malunga nemali

Abantu bahlala benganomdla kwiimpumelelo zabantu abaye banikezelwa ngeli bhaso, kodwa kwisixa salo. I-Nobel Peace Prize kunye nenyaniso inokubangela ingcamango. Inyaniso kukuba yonke imali yeKomidi ayithethi nje kumaziko emali. "Basebenza", banda ngokwesayizi. Ngokutsho kwentando, inzuzo iyahlula ibe ngamahlanu. Ayefani kwaye athatha ubungakanani obukhulu bomhlaba wonke. Ngoko ke, isamba sokuqala, esinikwe ngo-1901, sasilingana namawaka angamashumi amane amabini eedola. Ngowe-2003, isixa sele se-1.35 yezigidi. Ubungakanani bayo buchaphazeleka ngumbuso wehlabathi loqoqosho. Izahlulelo eziya ekuhlawuleni azinakwandiswa kuphela, kodwa ziyancipha. Ngokomzekelo, ngowama-2007 i-premium yayingu-1.542 yezigidi, kwaye ngo-2008 "inyibilikisiwe" (i-$ 1.4 yezigidi).

Ezi mali zihanjiswe ngezabelo ezilinganayo ezintlanu ekutyunjweni, kwaye ngoko-ngenani labagciniweyo, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ngokubhekiselele kwi-award ye-Nobel Peace Prize. Ingakanani imali eya kumvuzo ngamnye kunyaka-iKomidi inquma ngokwenza izibalo ezifanelekileyo zemali evela kwii-securities kunye nezinye izinto.

AmaRashiya

Abahlali bethu bafumana umvuzo onjalo kabini. Ukongeza kwiGrbachev, loo mzuzwana wanikwa inzululwazi uAndrei Sakharov. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungeyena umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi owaba isizathu sokunikezela umvuzo. I-Sakharov ibhekwa njengomlindi wamalungelo oluntu kunye nomloli onxamnye nolawulo. Ngamaxesha aseSoviet wayegxeka kakhulu kwaye watshutshiswa. Usosayensi wasebenza ekudalweni kwezixhobo ze-hydrogen. Nangona kunjalo, wavulela ngokucacileyo ukuvinjelwa kokuvavanya izixhobo zokubhubhisa ngobuninzi, ngokuchasene neentambo zomkhosi. Iingcamango zakhe zazithandwa kakhulu kuluntu kwaye azizange zithande i-elite esilawulayo.

I-Sakharov ithathwa njengobungqina beqhankqalazo behlabathi, abahluphekayo ngenxa yeembono zabo. Ikomidi leNobel lisetyenziswe amagama: "ngenxa yesibindi ekulwa nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla ...". Nangona kunjalo, wayengumntu onobuchule, onobubele nonomntu onobundlobongela (ukusuka kwiimemori zabasebenzi). Abantu abaninzi baseRussia abazange bafumane ibhaso eliphezulu, oko akuthethi ukuba akukho bantu abahloniphekileyo abahlala kwilizwe lethu. Kunoko, eli qiniso lingabonwa njengezopolitiko kwiKomiti, ukusetyenziswa kwebhaso kwintcintiswano yezopolitiko.

Ngubani ongayifumana umvuzo, kodwa ufanelekile?

Abaninzi bezopolitiko bakholelwa ukuba uMahatma Gandhi, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izibalo, wayefanelwe umvuzo ophezulu. Lo mntu wayebandakanyeke kwimibutho yomzabalazo wama-Indiya kunye neenkoloniyali. UGandhi akazange afune ukucinga iindlela iindlela abantu abanqongqo kunye nabangakhuselekanga abanokumelana ne-Army yaseBrithani, kodwa kwafuneka badibaniswe kunye neenkolo zendawo. Le ndlela yenzelwe nguye. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumanyamelo ongeyintlondlo kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo namhlanje. UMahatma Gandhi wanikezelwa kwiKomiti kathathu. Kuphela kwakukho "abafanelekileyo" abaviwa (oko kwakhona kunokuchazwa ngolupolitiko lwale ntlangano). Emva koko, amagosa anoxanduva lokunikezela ngeNobel Prize, wazisola ngokuthi uGandhi akazange abe ngumntu othe tye.

Iziganeko zeKomiti yeNobel

Kukho izinto ezintle kwimbali yale ntlangano ekwazi ukubonwa nje nge-anecdot. Ngoko, njengoko kwaziwa, eli bhaso ngo-1939 linyulwe ngaphandle kweAdolf Hitler. I-Nobel Peace Prize, ngenhlanhla, akazange afumane. Akunjalo ngemali. Yintoni eya kuba yimbumba yombutho, oya kuthiwa ngumenzi woxolo umntu onetyala lokufa kwezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wethu? Ikomidi leNobel yenqabile ukulibonga, ukukhuthaza esi sigqibo ngesimo samaNazi kumaYuda.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokutyunjwa, imisebenzi kaHitler ibonakala iqhubela phambili kwi-German intelligentsia. Usandul 'ukugqiba izivumelwano ezibini zokukhulula uxolo, uphakamise ishishini, ukhusele ngokuphuhliswa kwesayensi kunye nobugcisa. Okwangoku, abantu bayaqonda ukuba ngamanqanaba amabini kaHitler okwebhankqalazo ayengenangqondo kwaye ayengqiqweni. Kodwa ngelo xesha, abemi baseJamani bambona njengenkokeli ngokwenene ebakhokela ebomini obuqaqambileyo. Ewe, kwinqanaba elithile linyani. Wayekhathalela ngokwenene amaJamani, kuphela ngeendleko zabantu bezinye iintlanga. Kwingxowa yamalungu eKomidi yeNobel, baqonda oku kwaye banqwenela ukumtyundela.

Iilayateti ezihlangeneyo

Eli bhaso linikezwe ngamaxesha amathathu kwimibutho, enye indlela okanye enye inxulumene noMlambo Olubomvu. Ukuba ucinga umqhubi wokuqala - umququzeleli walo, ke ezine. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ntlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ifanelwe ukuhlolwa okuphezulu. Abameli balo bahlala befumana insimi yabo. Ingaba ziindawo zeengxabano zamagazi okanye izifo zengcinezelo, zihlala zizifumana kwiziko leziganeko, zibambe isandla esilufuna ukuxhasa abantu abahluphekileyo. Ngendlela, xa i-award of award ye-UN (2001), ngaphambili yaphawulwa ngamaqela ayo okugcina uxolo (1988) kunye nenkonzo yababaleki (1981). Kwimihlangano engekho-edumile, ama-laureates angabizwa ngokuba yi- International Labor Organization (1969). I-Wave inokwenzeka, asiyiva malunga nayo, kuba ukususela kwixesha apho impembelelo yalo ehlabathini likhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi lavuzwa, ixesha elide lidlule.

Iimali ezixhamliweyo zale ngongoma enkulu zininzi. Amagama athile angena kwimbali yenkalipho nesibindi, abanye-ama-scandal and intrigues. Okwesithathu musa ukukhumbula konke. Nangona kunjalo, abantu banqwenela ukuba le bhaso libe phantsi kwezandla zobuntu obufanelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuhlanganiswe kwezopolitiko.