Kutheni iCatalonia ihlula eSpain?

ICatalonia ihlula eSpain! Iindaba malunga nalokhu zaphinda zaziwa. Iintlanzi ezinkulu kunye nokuvota zigcinwe. Kodwa kutheni iCatalonia ihlukaniswe neSpain, kwaye kutheni yona?

Ukungafezeki kukaNovemba

NgoNovemba 2014, iCongress of Deputies yaseSpain yagqiba ukungafuni ukubeka umvoti wokuzimela kwi-Catalonia. Ngokomthetho wobukumkani, ivoti yokwahlukana nayiphi na imimandla kufuneka iqhutywe kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngexesha elifanayo, inkqubo enzima kwaye eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqinisekileyo ayinikezeli ithuba lokuphunyezwa kwayo.

Ngomnye umva kamva, ngomhla kaNovemba 9, ipalamente yendawo yokuzimela yaseCatalonia yamkela isisombululo, eyayilungisa injongo ephambili - "ukufumana ukuzimela kuMadrid." Ihlabathi lonke laqala ukuthetha malunga neCatalonia eyahlula eSpain. Ngaba kunjalo?

Isicwangciso senzathelo senziwa ukuhlukana kweCatalonia yaseSpain ngo-2017. Abahlali kufuneka baqulunqe urhulumente kwaye bamkele uMgaqo-siseko omtsha, emva koko umhlaba wabo uza kukhululeka ngokusemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho lwaseCatalonia, olufuna ukuzimela, abaninzi abahlali bavotela iSpeyin enye.

Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, iBhunga labaPhathiswa beSpeyin lenze inkundla kunye neNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, ukwenzela ukuba lo mva, ufumene isisombululo seRiphabhlikhi yokuzimela njengento engenanto. Kwakhona, iinzame zaseCatalans zokuzihoxisa ubukumkani baseSpeyin aziphumelelanga. INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yelizwe yachithwa isisombululo esamkelwe ngoNovemba 9, 2015. Kodwa urhulumente waseCatalan wathi uya kuqhubeka nokuthatha onke amanyathelo okufezekisa injongo. Kutheni iCatalonia ifuna ukususa eSpeyin?

Kwenzeka njani konke

Abantu baseCatalonia baye bafuna ukugcina ukuzimela kwabo, ubuzwe belizwe kunye nolwazi lweenkcubeko. Kodwa ngenxa yeemfazwe ezininzi zegazi, wahluleka ukukhusela inkululeko yakhe. I-Catalonia ihlukaniswe neSpeyin iminyaka engaphezu kweyesithathu. Kutheni oku kwenzekayo?

Imbali yeCatalonia ibuyele ku-988. U-Borrell II wachaza inkululeko yamazwe akhe evela kwabahlaseli baseFransi waza wamemezela ilizwe lakhe njengengingqi yaseBarcelona.

Ngo-1137 kukho ubudlelwane obuphawulekayo bommandla waseBarcelona kunye nobukumkani baseAragon. I-Catalonia yanda kakhulu ngobukhulu, ibeka amandla ayo kwintsimi ye-Italy yanamhla, iAndorra, iFransi (inxalenye esezantsi) neValencia. Kuza kube namhlanje , ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni lwabahlali be-Autonomous Region yaseValencia eSpain alufani kakhulu neCatalan, kwaye abanye abahlali balapha bazibona beCatalan. Ngelo xesha, abantu baseValencia abafuni ukufumana ubukhosi.

Ukulahlekelwa kolawulo

Ukulahlekelwa kokuqala kokuzimela kweCatalonia kwenzeka ngenxa yemfazwe ka-1701-1714 phakathi kweendlalifa zetrone yaseSpain, uFilipu V noCharles VI waseHabsburg. Ukunqoba kweyokuqala kwaphela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo lwama-feudal lords, owenza ukubheja kwiHabsburgs. Usuku lukaRhulumente lwaseCatalonia, oluphandwayo ngokubanzi kulo mmandla kule minyaka, ludluliselwe ixesha kulo mhla.

Ukususela kweli nqanaba kwaqala umzabalazo omdala wamaCatalan ukuzimela. Ukuzama ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukufumana ulawulo, iRiphabhuliki yaxhatshazwa ezininzi izenzo ezinobundlobongela nobunobundlobongela. Esi sizathu sezizathu zokuthi kungani iCatalonia ifuna ukususa eSpeyin.

Imfazwe Yesizwe eSpain

Ithuba elithembekileyo lokufumana ukuzimela kwaba yimfazwe yombutho ngo-1871, eyaphela ekugqibeleni ubukumkani eSpain. ICatalonia yaziwa njengegunya lokuzimela. Umzabalazo olwa noFranco waba yintshutshiso kubantu baseCatalans. Abaninzi baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye ilizwe labo, besaba ukubulawa. Kwakhona, ukulahlekelwa yimeko yokuzimela, iCatalonia yakwazi ukuyibuyisela kuphela ngo-1979 ngokubulela kwintlangano yesigebengu iTrara Liura.

Inkulungwane ye-XXI. Isibhengezo soBukhosi

Ngo-2006, ngenxa yeengxoxo zePalamente yaseCatalan kunye noRhulumente waseSpeyin, ummandla olawulayo wanikwa amalungelo angaphezulu. Bakhathalela ngokuyinxalenye inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa ukucima amaqondo ahlukeneyo phakathi kwamaCatalans le nto ayizange incede, kodwa yenze kuphela umphumo ochaseneyo.

Ngo-2013, abemi baseCatalonia baye bazuza amaninzi. Banobuzwe babo, bagubha iiholide zabo kwinqanaba likaRhulumente. Ngokuphambene nendawo yonke yaseSpain, kumazwe aseCatalonia ayenqatshelwe ukuxhamla ngenxa yokuphathwa kakubi kwezilwanyana. Apha ungadli i-flamenco. Ulwimi lwesiCatalan lubonwa njengegosa, kwaye bonke abahlali bayakukhetha ngokucacileyo kwiSpeyin. Inyaniso eyingqinileyo yinto yokuba iCatalans inesizinda sayo kwi-intanethi, engabonakali kuyo nayiphi na indawo okanye ukuzimela ekubunjweni kweliphi na ilizwe.

Isibhengezo malunga noBukhosi baseCatalonia, esamkelwe ngo-2013, senza kuphela utshintsho olutsha lwamazwe. Kwaye ubunzima bezoqoqosho, obonakele imeko yezemali yaseCatalans, banika amandla ekukhuleni. Kuze kube yiminyaka, eli phondo liye laphuhliswa ngakumbi kwi-Spain. Njengoko inani labantu baseCatalonia linye kuphela-sixhenxe kwinani lonke laseSpeyin, kwintsimi yalo itholakala ngaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini kwimboni yonke yobukumkani. Ibhishini lezokhenketho liphuhliswa ngokubanzi, linikezela i-GDP yeSpeyin ngo-1/5.

Ukuqhaqhaqhaba kukungabikho kwamaCatalan ukwabelana nabaseSpain abangasebenzi ngexesha lokuhla kwezomnotho. Esi sizathu esona sizathu sokuba iCatalonia ifuna ukususa eSpeyin.

Awukwazi ukuhamba

Kukho enye into ephawulekayo ebangela ukuba amaCatalans avote ubunye kunye neSpain. Lo bulungu kwiYurophu Yomanyano. Okumangalisa kukuba, oku kuvumela iSpain ukuba iqiniseke ngakumbi kulo mzabalazo wokuzimela.

Inkohlakalo evela eMadrid isongela iBarcelona ngokulahlekelwa zizibopho kunye neBrussels. Oku kuya kususa ngokukhawuleza iCatalonia kwi-EU, eya kubachaphazela kakubi zonke izibonakaliso zezoqoqosho zommandla. Kwaye nokuba iMadrid, eyayingazange ikwazi ukuyiqonda iPalestina, iKosovo, iAbkhazia, okanye iCrimea, kodwa iyakubona iCatalonia njengelizwe elizimeleyo, liza kuba lide ixesha elide liza kusayinwa kunye nezivumelwano zangaphambili zisayinwe. Izibonelelo ezichithwe ekuqhubeni iingxoxo, ukusombulula yonke imiba esemthethweni kunye nokuqulunqa izivumelwano eziyimfuneko kuya kuphazamisa imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nentlalo yempilo yabo bonke abemi baseCatalonia.

Abahlukeneyo abahlukeneyo abafaki naluphi na ukubaluleka kweli qiniso, bebiza ulwalamandla. Ukuqhuba ama-rallies, ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokuphazamiseka okwehlukeneyo, abazwe besizwe balungiselela ukuvakaliswa ngo-Novemba 9.

Unako, kodwa awukwazi

Ngokusemthethweni, urhulumente waseSpeyin uvumela abaphathi baseCatalonia ukuba baqwalasele kwaye bathathe isisombululo esitsha kulawulo, kodwa emva kokumkelwa kwabo kunye nokuvota rhoqo kwabemi, banokubhenela enkundleni, esichukumisa esi sigqibo. I-Catalonia ayinyanzelwanga ilungelo lomgaqo-siseko lokuqhuba ulwahlulo kunye nokwahlukana ngakumbi, kodwa ungavumeli ukuba basebenzise de kube sekupheleni. Oku kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kokungahlali phakathi kwabahlali kwaye kubakhuthaze ukuba balwe.

Kwakhona, umzamo wokuba lukarhulumente ohlukeneyo waphela awuphumelelanga. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngo-referendum wokugqibela, i-70% yabemi baseCatalonia bavota "Hayi", ngaloo ndlela bafuna ukuhlala eSpeyin. Kodwa iqela lonyulwa kwipalamente yokuzimela, ikhosi yayo yezopolitiko isetyenziselwa ukuzinza nokuzimela. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo ayiyi kuyeka, kwaye ngokuzayo, mhlawumbi, siya kubona ukuzalwa kwimeko entsha. Ukwahlula nokuba i-Catalonia yaseSpain, i-100% ayikwazi ukuthetha mntu. Kodwa ixesha liya kuthetha.