I-Khrushchev ithambile ixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwi-20 yeCongress of the CPSU Central Committee, apho isigaba esitsha ebomini baseSoviet sabekwa khona. Kwakule ngqungquthela ngoFebruwari 1954 ukuba ifunyenwe ingxelo ye-intloko entsha yelizwe, iindibano eziphambili zazo ezaziyi-debunking yobuntu bobuqili be- Stalin, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza intlalo.
Thaw Khrushchev: ngokufutshane
Amanyathelo anzima ngamaxesha e- War Communism, emva kokubambisana, Ukusetyenziswa kwezentengiso, ukuphindaphinda amaninzi, iinkqubo zokubonakalisa (njengentshutshiso yabogqirha) zagwetywa. Ngaphandle koko, ukuhlalisana kokuthula kwamazwe anamalungiselelo eentlalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenqatshwa kwamanyathelo okuphazamiseka ekwakheni inzululuntu kucetywayo. Ukongezelela, ikhosi ithathelwe ukunciphisa ulawulo lwaloo mibutho kwimibandela yokuphila yoluntu. Esinye seziganeko eziphambili zorhulumente wobumbano ngokubambisene nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokugqithiseleyo nakummandla kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu - inkcubeko, ezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho. Inkqubo enjalo ivelisa kubemi bayo ixabiso kunye nehlabathi eliyidingayo. Ngaloo nto, ngokwenani labatshitshi, i-Khrushchev inqabileyo iphela ekuphelelweni komanyano kwiSoviet Union, ukutshintsha inkqubo yobudlelwane phakathi kwamandla kunye noluntu kumntu ohloniphekileyo. Ukususela kwiminyaka ye-1950, ukuvuselelwa kwamatyala enkundleni yaseStalin kuqalile, kwaye amabanjwa amaninzi kwezopolitiko aphilayo ngeli xesha akhululwa. Iikomishoni ezikhethekileyo Ukuqwalaselwa kwamatyala angenacala. Ngaphezu koko, iintlanga zonke zavuselelwa. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Khrushchev yavumela i-Crimean Tatars kunye namaqela aseCaucasian axoshwa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili ukuba abuyele kwilizwe lawo aphumelele kwiinqununu zikaStalin. Amabanjwa amaninzi aseJapan kunye namaJamani, awayebanjelwa ekuthinjweni eSoviet, akhululwa kwilizwe lawo. Inani labo laliqikelelwa kumawaka emashumi. Inkqubo ye-Khrushchev yaphazamisa iinkqubo ezinkulu zentlalo. Umphumo othe ngqo wokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwaba lukhuselo lwenkcubeko yenkcubeko kwiintonga kunye nesidingo sokucula iingoma kulawulo olukhoyo. Kwiminyaka ye-1950 kunye neye-1960, ukunyuka kweencwadi zaseSoviet kunye neenkcukacha zeemifanekiso kwakudingeka. Ngexesha elifanayo, ezi nkqubo zenza ukuba i-opposition yokuqala ibonakale kuRhulumente waseSoviet. Ukugxeka, okwaqala ngohlobo olunomsebenzi kwimibhali yabalobi kunye nabanyongezi, yaba yintetho yencoko kawonkewonke kwiminyaka yee-1960, eyenza yonke inkcazo ye-opposition-minded "sixties".
I-detente yamazwe ngamazwe
Ngeli xesha, kukho ukunciphisa kwinkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe lase-USSR, omnye wabaqalisi abaphambili beKhrushchev. I-thaw yaxolelanisa ubuholi beSoviet kunye neYugoslavia Tito. Ixesha elide ixesha elide libonakala kwi-Union of times of Stalin, njengengxuki, phantse i-minion kuphela ngenxa yokuzimela ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwemigaqo yaseMoscow, igosa lakhe kwaye Indlela eya kwintlalo yoluntu. Ngethuba elifanayo, uKrushchev wadibana nabaphathi beNtshona.
Ubumnyama beThaw
Kodwa ubudlelwane kunye neChina buqala ukuhlahloka. URhulumente wasekhaya waseMao Zedong akazange athathe ukugxeka ulawulo lukaStalinist kwaye wajonga ukulungiswa kukaKhrushchev ngoxuko kunye nobuthathaka kwiNtshona. Kwaye ukufudumala kwenkqubo ye-Soviet yangaphandle kwenkqubo yasentshonalanga ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Ngomnyaka we-1956 ngethuba elithi "isiHungary spring" iKomiti ePhambili yeCPSU ibonisa ukuba ayihlose ukukhulula i-Yurophu yaseMpuma kwiindawo zokuhamba kwayo, igxobhoze egazini lokuvukela kwendawo. Ugxothwe imisebenzi efana nePoland ne-GDR. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-60, ukunyuka kobudlelwane kunye ne-United States ngokuqinisekileyo kubeka ihlabathi kwimimandla yemfazwe yehlabathi yesithathu. Kwaye kumgaqo-nkqubo wekhaya, imida ye-thaw yachongwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyaniseka kwexesha likaStalin akuyi kubuya, kodwa kubanjwa ngenxa yokugxeka ulawulo, ukukhutshwa, ukukhulelwa kunye namanye amanyathelo afanayo.