I nzu lulwazi. Imbali emfutshane, imizekelo

Ubunjineli luyinkimbinkimbi yezenzululwazi ezihlola i-technosphere okanye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwayo. Oososayensi bokuqala abaye benza igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezesayensi zobugcisa beGeron, Archimedes, Papp, Leonardo Da Vinci, Vitruvius. Okokuqala isayensi leyo yayiyi-mechanics. Kwakhona, izazinzulu ezifana noW.Sane, uRoger Bacon, uThomas Bradwardine, u-D. Uffano, J. Vignola, u-U. Gelbert wenza inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji.

Phantse kube nge-19 leminyaka, izazinzulu zodwa zazintlobo ezimbini zezesayensi: ezomntu kunye nezendalo. Iingcali zezobugcisa zithatha isikhundla esiphakathi. Emva koko, iteknoloji - into eyenziwe ngumntu kwaye ayifumanekanga kwindalo. Nangona kunjalo, uyayithobela yonke imithetho efana neyendalo. Umsebenzi oyintloko wobunjineli wezobunzululwazi kukuba ufunde imigaqo yezinto ezizenzekelayo kunye nolwalamano lwabo kunye nezesayensi zendalo.

Imbali yesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe ithetha ukufumana nokuphumelela kwabantu abaninzi. Siza kuxela kuphela ezimbini izazi zaseRussia ezidumileyo - malunga neLomonosov noMendeleev.

I-MV Lomonosov isosayensi omkhulu waseRashiya, isazi-mlando kunye ne-geographer, i-physicist nakumakhemikhali, isayensi yeenkwenkwezi kunye nomenzi wezinto zokusebenza, wafunda i-natural science nezobugcisa. Wayebeka imithetho eyisiseko yesayensi yeglasi, wayebandakanyeka ekuphuhliseni i-helicopter yeprotected, kwaye naye uqobo lwakhe ukufumanisa i-atmosphem kufuphi nomhlaba weVenus. Wadala iprojekthi yeYunivesithi yaseMoscow edumile, eyayibizwa ngokuba yimbeko.

U-DI Mendeleyev ngumsululwazi waseRashiya, i-physiochemist, i-metrologist, i-teknologi, i-geologist kunye ne-meteorologist, u-economist, umenzi-mveliso kunye ne-aeronaut. Ukufunyanwa kwezesayensi eziphambili kunye nolwaziwayo ngumthetho wexesha leempawu zeekhemikhali. Kwakhona wafumanisa ukushisa okubalulekileyo, ukuphanda i-phenomena ye-isomorphism, wadala isixhobo esichaza ubuninzi be-liquid (ipycnometer), ngumlobi wencwadi ethi "Organic Chemistry".

Ziziphi iinzululwazi zobugcisa? Nazi ezinye iimzekelo.

• I-Architecture yinto yobugcisa bokuyila nokwakha izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo umntu afuna kuzo ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla. I-Architecture ibizwa nangokubonakala kwezakhiwo.
• I-Informatics ngumyalelo omncinci wokufunda izinto ezinxulumene nokuqokelela, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi oluhlukeneyo kwimisebenzi yoluntu.
• I-Astronautics yi-teknoloji kunye nesayensi yokubhabha kwi-space yangaphandle ngoncedo lwezithuthi ezizenzekelayo nezenzekelayo.
• Umatshini yintsimi ye-physics ephonononga ukunyuswa kunye nokusebenzisana kwamalungu. Le nzu lulwazi inokwahlukana ngamacandelo amaninzi -klasikhi, i-relativistic kunye ne-quantum mechanics.
• Ubunjineli bobugcisa yinkampani enomsebenzi wayo ukuyila nokuvelisa zonke iintlobo zezixhobo, izixhobo, iimveliso zokhuselo kunye neempahla zabathengi. Ikwahlukana ngokubanzi, enzima, ephakathi kwaye echanekileyo.
• Itheknoloji yamachiza - eli sebe liphonononga iindlela ezinobungqongileyo kunye noqoqosho nezindlela zokulungisa izinto zemvelo kwimveliso ephakathi kunye neemveliso zabathengi. Ikwahlula kwi-organic and inorganic.
• Ubunjineli benjengeli candelo lezayensi zobugcisa eziphonononga ukufumana, ukuhanjiswa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kagesi. Kwakuyimpumelelo yefilosofi eyimimandla ye-physics ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
• Amandla enyukliya yinkampani yamandla eyenza amandla omshushu kunye nombane ngokuguqulwa (fission of plutonium okanye i-uranium nuclei) kwisixhobo samandla enyukliya.
• Kwakhona, ubunzululwazi bezobunjineli baquka i-biotechnology, ukwakha iinqanawa, i-metallurgy, izakhiwo zesayensi, ubunjineli benkqubo, i-astronomy kunye ne-astrophysics, kunye namanye amashishini.

Iindlela eziphambili zobunjineli zenzululwazi yikhompyutheni kunye neemathematika zokuqulunqa okanye ezakhiwayo.