Izinto ezichaphazelekayo: ulwazi oluqhelekileyo

Ama-Surfactants ayenzixhobo ezichaphazela ubungakanani bomhlaba. Kwiinkqubo zokusebenzisana kwama-molecule e-liquide phakathi kwabo, kubunjwe imikhosi ebumbeneyo. Eli qela liya kuhluka kwiindawo zangaphakathi nangaphakathi (ezantsi). Ukuqwalasela imeko yomlambo, kulula ukubonisa ukuba iinqununu ezijoliswe kwinkqubo zijikelezwe ngamacala athile afanayo nama-molecule athile abachaphazelayo. Ukulingana nayo yonke imikhosi esebenzayo kuloo molekyuli, ilingana no-zero. Ngoko ke, i-liquids inomhlaba omncinci kumqulu onikwe. Oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwifom eqingqiweyo yamaconsi. Ubuninzi bobuninzi beemveliso ezinxulumene nobunxilisayo bunquma ukuphakama kombane.

Isakhiwo seamoleksi ze-SAW

Amacandelo ama-acid acetywayo kunye notywala ahlanganiswe ngamacandelo amabini anempahla ehlukileyo, ngoko ke le miqhamo ibizwa ngokuba yi-diphilic structures. Enye inxalenye ye-molecule imelwa ngethungelwano lwe-hydrocarbon, enye enye ngamaqela ahlukeneyo (i-amino, i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl, i-sulfo group). Ixesha elide liluhlu lwe-hydrocarbon, ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu ze-hydrophobic zeengqungquthela, ziya kubuthakathaka ukusebenzisana namanzi.

Abaqapheliyo (ama-surfactants) ezivela kwimvelaphi yendalo: i- bile acids, iiproteni, isepha, i-alcohols, i-ketone, i-aldehydes, i-tanins, i-ketoni, njl. Izinto ezingasebenzi ezichaphazelekayo azichaphazeli ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba (isitashi, i-glucose, i-fructose).

Abenzi be-non-ionic-agents (NPCs) zi-bio-compounds ezingenayo i-ions emanzini. Kwimizimba yamanzi, ezi zinto ziza kunye nezoshishino (imichiza, i-textile, i- petroleum), ikhaya (ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezihlukeneyo zomhlaba ) kunye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi okuvela kumhlaba wezolimo (utywala, i-fungicides, inambuzane, kunye nama-folios Umgangatho we-emulsifiers).

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo eziphezulu zisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwezoqoqosho. Kwisigaba sezolimo, zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemimulsions, kunye neepowders ezinamanzi ekukhuseleni izityalo ezichasene nezidumbu. Uphando luqhutyelwa ekusebenziseni abafakezi-ntsebenziswano ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kumhlaba. Ukuba uthulula umhlaba kunye neengxube zolu hlobo, ifilimu ye-ultrathin ifom ephezulu, ekhusela ukukhuphuka kwamanzi, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lidlula ngokupheleleyo umoya wezulu nomoya. Ukuba uphatha iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ngesisombululo esiphezulu, zihlala zi-juicy kwaye zintsha ixesha elide. Xa ama-surfactants afakwa kwi-feed, ubunzima bezilwanyana kunye neentaka zanda malunga nama-20% xa kuthelekiswa nezilwanyana kwiqela lokulawula.

Izinto ezinobungozi: Ubungozi kwaye buzuze

Ingxubevange ye-Surface ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinzeni izondlo kwiimathumbu. Ngokomzekelo, amafutha, kunye neep lipids kwiphepha lokutya, ziza kumaconsi. Ezi zilandelayo zi-emulsified emathunjini amancinci ngoncedo lwe-bile acid. Emva koko kuphela, la mafutha ahanjiswa ngama-enzymes e-lipolytic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isepha ifakwe kwi-insecticides (abaqapheliyo). Ukunyanzelisa ukuvumela ukuba inambuzane ikwazi ukusebenzisana kangcono kunye nomzimba wezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, ama-surfactants ayenayo kuphela into efanelekileyo, kodwa nefuthe elibi kumzimba. Ngokomzekelo, ukubunjwa kwe-shampoo kubandakanya ama-agent agwebisayo amaninzi (ama-surfactants) afana ne-sodium ne-ammonium lauryl sulfate, i- ammonium kunye ne- sodium laureth sulfate. Kukho uluvo lokuba ezi zinto zineempembelelo ze-carcinogenic.