Itheyibhile "Ubuchwephesha bezobuchwephesha: ukuhlelwa ngohlobo lweGK Selevko." Ukwahlula kwezobuchwepheshe bokwenza ubugcisa kwi-DOS yi-GEF (itafile)

Kwimiqulu esemgangathweni karhulumente, enxulumene namaziko emfundo, ubugcisa bezobugcisa buya kubonakala. Ukwahlula, itafile, iimpawu ezahlukileyo zichazwe ngezantsi.

Izikhundla zemfundo yanamhlanje

Iingcamango ezisetyenziswe ezikolweni zanamhlanje, zibandakanya ukuchongwa kwezi ngongoma ezintathu eziphambili zokwakhiwa komntu oququzelelweyo:

• Khangela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esincinane;
• Ukuguqulwa kwesikolo ibe yinto ethembisayo ekuphuculeni uluntu lwaseRussia;
• Ukuphucula inkqubo yemfundo yaseRashiya ngokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha bemfundo

Ukutsha njengendlela yokuphuhlisa izikolo zesiRashiya

Ziziphi ubuchwepheshe bokufundisa? Ukwahlula (itafile ye-GEF) ngokuqhelekileyo kufana ne-classic system, iveza zonke iindlela ezifanayo ezisetyenziswe ngabafundisi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo abantwana besikolo. Inkqubo-yesifundo kwinkqubo yokuqeshwa ithatha isicelo ngabafundisi beeprogram ezithile kweso sifundo, ngoko ke udidi lwezobuchwepheshe bokuqeqeshwa lwenziwa ngokuqwalasela iimpawu ngamnye zomyalelo wokufundisa okhonkco.

Yintoni i-teknoloji?

Leli gama elithi "iteknoloji" linokutolika okuhlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokubanzi, le ndlela yinkcazo yokwenza umsebenzi othile ngokubanzi, ngokusekelwe kwindlela ekhethiweyo. Ngokuphathelele kwezobuchwephesha bezemfundo, siyaqaphela ukuba ngumbuzo wokwakha umsebenzi wutitshala ngendlela ebandakanya izenzo ezenziwa ngokulandelelanayo ngokulandelelanayo, kunye nokuqhutyelwa kokunyanzeliswa kwesiphumo esichaziweyo.

Features Technology

Indlela yokwenza indlela kufuneka iphendule le mibuzo ilandelayo: "Indlela yokufundisa?", "Yintoni yokufundisa?", "Kutheni ufundisa?".

Itheknoloji yezemfundo ibandakanya ukufunda okunempumelelo. Kukho iikhrayitheriya ezithile ngokubhekiselele kuyo imvelaphi yezobuchwepheshe bezemfundo:

• Ukuchonga okuqinileyo kunye nokungabonakali kwenjongo yemfundo;
• Ukukhethwa komxholo, ukulungiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo;
• Ukuchaneka kombutho wemisebenzi yoqeqesho;
• Iimvume, iindlela, iindlela zokuqeqesha.

Ukongezelela, iziqinisekiso zotitshala kufuneka zithathwe ingqalelo, kwaye indlela yokuhlola kufuneka ifakwe.

Iimpawu zobuchwepheshe bokufundisa

Yintoni ukuhlelwa kobuchwepheshe bezobugcisa ngeSelevko? Etafileni ecetywayo ngumlobi, iimpawu ezithile ziqwalaselwe ngqalelo:

• Ukuqinisekiswa kokufezekiswa kwenjongo ebekwe, ukuphumelela kwenkqubo yokufunda;
• Uqoqosho lokugcinwa kweeyure zokufunda;
• Ukuphuculwa komsebenzi kotitshala kunye nokuphumelela kweziphumo ezicetywayo kwixesha eliphantsi;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zokuvakalayo;
• Ukuyila nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ziziphi iikhompyutha zobugcisa ezijoliswe kuyo?

Ngezantsi kwetafile: "Ubuchwephesha bezobuchwephesha". Ukwahlula kusekelwe kwiiparitha ezithile:

• Ukuqulunqwa kwesishukumisayo esihle kwinkqubo yemfundo;
• Ukuqiniswa kwendawo yokuxhumana;
• Ukuphuhliswa kobuntu, okwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yophando kunye noqeqesho, ukuqhubeka kokuqeqesha, ukukhethwa kobugcisa obuqilileyo;
• Ukukhuselwa kwempilo yabantwana besikolo.

Ukuchaneka kobuchwepheshe kwi-pedagogy

Ukwahlulelwa yi-GEF yobuchwephesha bezemfundo kwiinkqubo zangaphandle kunye nokufundiswa kwekhaya kwenziwa ngababhali abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwinto yokuba ngokwemiqathango emitsha yoqeqesho lophuhliso lwezemfundo efika phambili , oko kukuthi, ubuntu bodwa, ubu buchwepheshe bulandelayo buba njengento ephambili:

1. Uqeqesho oluhlukileyo. Ziziphi ezobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe? Ukwahlula, itafile kwi-DOW yenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zengqondo zabantwana, isekelwe kwindlela eyahlukileyo kwintsana nganye. Xa kuqulunqwe izinto ezifundiswayo, utitshala ukhokelwa yintliziyo yomsebenzi weengcapheko zeewadi zakhe. Utitshala onolwazi olubandakanya umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa iinkqubo zendlela eyahlukileyo ephakanyiswe nguNP Guzik.
2. Umsebenzi weProjekthi. Ukwahlula kwezobuchwephesha bezobuchwephesha banamhlanje kubonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwale nkqubo kwiyunithi ehlukeneyo. Kulo xesha lwenkqubo yoyilo lokuba abafundi banamhlanje nabafundi bamaziko emfundo bakwazi ukusebenza kwiqela. Utitshala usebenza njengomcebisi, ngoko isizukulwana esincinane sithola ithuba lokuzihlakulela, ukuqonda indima yabo kwintlalo yanamhlanje. Abafana abaye baphumelela ubugcisa beprojekthi baphumelela kakhulu kwizifundo zabo, bavumelanisa ngokukhawuleza nakwizinto zanamhlanje.
3. Ubuchwepheshe beMidlalo. Ukwahlula kwezobuchwephesha bezobugcisa banamhlanje kubonisa ukukhethwa komdlalo njengendlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa kunye nemfundo kwinqanaba lokufundela nokufunda esikolweni. Kwinkqubo yokudlala umsebenzi, abantwana bafumana izakhono zonxibelelwano, bavelise kwaye baququzelele ulwazi olutsha.

Kodwa oku akusiyo itafile yonke: "Ubuchwephesha bokufundisa." Ukuhlelwa kweendlela zezemfundo kunye nokukhuliselwa kubakho ukuhlaziywa ngokutsha ngokuqwalasela izinto ezintsha ezisekwe kwinkqubo yemfundo. Phakathi kweendlela eziza kutshanje zibuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana. Ukuqwalasela iimfuno ze-GEF, itheyibhile "I-Pedagogical Technologies" yahlaziywa. Ukwahlula ngo-GK Selevko ngoku kuthethwa ngamacandelo okufundisa ngeqela. Siyabonga kubo, ukunyamezela, ukuthetha ngokubaluleka kunye neempawu zobunkokheli zenziwa kwiimeko zesikolo jikelele. Ubuchwephesha obunjalo bukhulisa kakhulu ukuphumelela kwabafundi abafunda izinto eziphathekayo.

Uqeqesho lweengxaki

Le ndlela isekelwe kwindlela yokwenza izinto. Abafundi bafumana izakhono kunye nobuchule kwinkqubo yokuzimela, ngenxa yoko buchule babo bokudala nokuqonda.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesizukulwana sesibini se-GEF kunokwenzeka kwiinkqubo zemfundo zanamhlanje zoqeqesho oluphambili. Abantwana bafunda ukusombulula ingxaki ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezithile. Umntwana ngamnye ngale ndlela unethuba lokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki.

Ubugcisa bee-workshops zokufundisa

Iyiphi itafula elithi "Pedagogical Technologies"? Ukwahlulelwa kwazo zonke iindlela kunye nobuchule, ukuphumelela kokubonakaliswa ngokusebenzayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwiminyaka yobudala yobuncinane, indlela yokwenza umxholo.

Uphando kwisikolo samanje

Ukumodareyitha, uvavanyo, indlela yeeprojekthi ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe bezophando. Kwiimeko zebhubhoratri yesikolo, abantwana bafunda ukugqiba umxholo wokulinganisa kwiziqhamo kunye nemveliso ye-ascorbic acid, ukuchonga iimpawu zokutya. Ngexesha lophando, njengotitshala, utitshala unamathele kubantwana. Utitshala onamava kuphela uhamba kunye novavanyo, unikezela umthengi wakhe ulwazi oluyimfuneko, ufundisa izakhono ezisebenzayo. Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha esizibonileyo ubuchwepheshe bokusombulula iingxaki (zophando) ze-TRIZ. Ukuze umfundi afune ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo iindlela zokusombulula ingxaki efunwa nguye ngutitshala, okokuqala uhlola iincwadi zenzululwazi yesayensi. Kanye kunye notitshala, umphandi omtsha ubangela iingxaki, uqikelela ukukhawuleza, ubeka phambili ingcamango yolwazi lwakhe. Ibakala elibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na into eyenziwa kunye novavanyo olwenziwayo ukuphunyezwa kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo, ukuthelekisa neengcamango zangaphambili.

Yintoni ekwahlulelwa kwezobuchwephesha banamhlanje? Itheyibhile ecetywayo nguSelevko iqulethe iindlela zendalo. Ziyakufaneleka ngokufanayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zemfundo. Ngokomzekelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe be-ICT zixhobo zoncedo lwe-elektroniki (ESM). Abantwana bafumana izakhono zomsebenzi kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi, ngokwenza ngokuzimeleyo iindlela zabo zemfundo.

I-Pedagogy yentsebenziswano

Ukuze kuphunyezwe indlela yomntu-mntu kumfundi, kwizikolo zanamhlanje zonke iimeko zidalwa ukuba zikhethwe ngokuzikhethela kubafana ngezenzo zabo zengcali ezizayo.

Imiba yokudala yoluntu yayidume ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha lexesha lobukho bemveli yezemfundo yaseSoviet. Amagqirha apheleleyo awanceda abantu asebekhulile bahlambulula imithi, baphathe amanzi. Okwangoku, le teknoloji ibuyiselwa kumaziko emfundo ngendlela yovolontiya. Ootitshala, kunye nabafundi babo, zama ukunceda abangenabugovu abo bantu bafuna uncedo lwabo. I-MAO (indlela yokufunda esebenzayo) isistim seendlela zokufundisa nezenzo ezijoliswe ekuhleleni imisebenzi yemfundo. Ngokuncediswa kweemali ezithile, iimeko zenziwe ezikhuthaza abantwana ukuba bathathe isinyathelo, ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokufunda ngokutsha izinto eziphathekayo kwinkqubo yemfundo.

Iimpawu zamasiko zobugcisa

Ubuchwephesha bezobugcisa basekelwe kuqeqesho olucacileyo kunye nokubonisa. Kwimeko yokusebenzisa ezo teknoloji, utitshala emsebenzini wakhe uhlawula ngokukhethekileyo ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezifundisiweyo zokufunda. Ekulungiseleleni izifundo, utitshala ujonge iindlela ezona zifanelekileyo zokubonisa ulwazi olutsha, ukucaca okuhamba nebali lakhe. Ukunikezelwa kolwazi, okumiselwa yimida yekharityhulam, ngokuyinxalenye kubandakanya ulawulo lwesititshala. Kungenxa yesi sizathu esivame ukuba kwinkqubo yemfundo kukho iingxaki ezininzi:

• Izakhono ezingabalulekanga zomsebenzi ozimeleyo wabantwana besikolo;
• Inkcubeko ephantsi yokunxibelelana;
• Ukungabikho kwempendulo epheleleyo ngokugcweleyo yabantwana besikolo kwimiba ecetywayo;
• Ingqwalasela encinane kubaphulaphuli, ukungabi nomnqweno wokusebenza kwiqela.

Isizathu asikho ekungafuni abantwana ukuba basebenze baze bafunde, kodwa kwiinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe bezobugcisa. Utitshala unyanzelekile ukuba athethe izinto ezilungiselelwe kwikharityhulam, umntwana ufundisa ulwazi, ufumana uvavanyo lokuphendula. Utitshala uza kwiklasi ngomsebenzi olungeleyo, umsebenzi wakhe ukuthobela iklasi kwindawo ethile, ukubandakanya abantwana kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Kule meko, akukho mbuzo wophuhliso lomntu ngamnye. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi baye bafunda inani elincinci lolwazi, kukho ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezinto eziphathekayo, udidi oluphakathi, lokugqibela lokulawula lusetyenziswa.

Ootitshala abakhulileyo basebenziselwa le ndlela yokusebenza, bayaqiniseka ukuba kuphela "ukuxhamla" isisityebi esinamandla sokwazi, izakhono kunye nezakhono ezisebenzayo zingahanjiswa kwisizukulwana esincinane. Iziphumo zophando lwezibalo zibonisa ukuba i-73% yabasebenzi bezithuba zokufundisa ziqinisekile ukuba kubalulekile ukuseka uqhagamshelwano. Abantwana baqaphela imfuno yokuzimela imisebenzi, ekuqondeni kwabo, utitshala makabe ngumncedisi kunye nomcebisi, kungekhona "umphathi".

Isiphelo

Lezo mfuneko ukuba uluntu lwangoku luqhubele phambili kutitshala, inkqubo yemfundo, ibonisa ukusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuchule bomsebenzi. Imigangatho yezemfundo yaseburhulumenteni yesizukulwana sesibini ibonisa ukukhethwa kwezi zindlela zomsebenzi eziza kubangela ukuphuhliswa kwentsebenziswano yabantwana besikolo. Kukho iintsuku apho utitshala wayengumdlali oyintloko kwisifundo. I-GEF ithatha inxaxheba ngokuzibandakanya kwinkqubo yemfundo yomfundi ngokwakhe, kumnceda ekufumaneni iindlela ezichanekileyo zokunyusa izinga lokuqonda, ukhetha isikhokelo somsebenzi wobugcisa bokamva. Zonke iintlobo zobuchwephesha bezobuchwephesha bezemfundo, udidi lwe-GEF olumelwe kwi-OS, luncedisa utitshala ukuba aphumelele ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi ayinikezwe nguNgqongqoshe weMfundo weRussia Federation.