I-Pituitary: i-hormone nemisebenzi. Umzimba wePituitary kunye nemisebenzi yawo emzimbeni

I-pituitary gland (i-pituitary gland okanye i-ecerebral appendage engaphantsi) yilungu le-endocrine elisezantsi kwengqondo. Ngokukodwa, kusemgangathweni ophantsi, kwipokhethi lesithambo, ebizwa ngokuba yi- saddle. Le ngqungquthela kwindoda encinci kakhulu, ubuncinane ubungakanani bepea, isakhiwo esisijikelezileyo sinesisindo esingu-0.5 g kuphela. Kodwa naphezu kobuncinci obuncinane, indima yamahomoni eveliswa yi-pituitary gland inkulu.

Umzimba we-pituitary. IHormoni nemisebenzi

Le ngqungquthela encinci yilungu eliphambili le-system endocrine yethu yonke. IiHormone, ezivelisa, zichaphazela imisebenzi elandelayo yomzimba:

• Ukuzala;
• Inkqubo yokutshintsha;
• Ukukhula.

Imisebenzi kunye namahomoni e-pituitary gland, ayenzayo, ihlobene. Ukuze uqonde lo mbuzo ngokubanzi, makhe siqale siqwalasele isakhiwo sale gland endocrine.

Umzimba we-pituitary. Ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-pituitary gland

Iqukethe iindawo ezintathu eziphambili: i-anterior, posterior and intermediate, eyahlukileyo kwimvelaphi kunye nesakhiwo sayo. Umzimba we-pituitary uqala ukwakha embryo kwiveki yesine-5 ye-intrauterine yophuhliso. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yayo ivela kwiphakamiso ye-epithelial yodonga olungaphaya komlomo womlomo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-Ratke pocket, ngesimo se-small extlong. Kwinkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwamanzi, ikhula ngocwangco lwengqondo ephakathi.

I-lobe yangasemva yenziwa emva kancinane kunomnye ongaphandle kwimizimba ye-neural ye-midbrain, apho ezi ndawo zihlanganiswa khona. Kude kamva, isahlulo esiphezulu se-pituitary gland senziwa. Iqulethwe ngumgca obuncinci beeseli. Zonke iindawo ezintathu ze-pituitary gland zinyani ezihlukeneyo, kwaye nganye yazo ivelisa i-hormone yayo. Umzimba we-pituitary (i-hormone kunye nemisebenzi yawo) ithatha inxaxheba enkulu kumsebenzi we-endocrine inkqubo yomntu.

Interior pituitary gland

Le ngqungquthela ibizwa ngokuba yi-adenohypophysis kwaye ibangela ubuninzi be-gland (70%). Iqulethwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-endocrine. Uhlobo ngalunye lweselfayile luvelisa i-hormone yalo. Ezi iiseli ze-endocrine zibizwa ngokuba yi-adenocytes. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-adenocytes: i-chromophilic kunye ne-chromophobic, ezo zombini ezidibanisa ama-hormone:

• I-hormone ye-thyrotropic (i-TTG) - inoxanduva lomsebenzi we-secretory we-thyroid gland.
• I-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - ivuselela umsebenzi we-correnx ye-adrenal.
• Iimononi zeGonadotropic, ezibandakanya i-hormone ye-follicle-stimulating and luteinizing (FSH, LH) enoxanduva lokuzala.
• I-hormone ye-Growth (STH) -xanduva lokukhula, ikhuthaza ukuphuka kwamafutha, ukuveliswa kwamaprotheni kwiiseli kunye nokwenziwa kwe-glucose.
• I-hormone ye-Luteotropic, okanye i-prolactin, elawula ukunyamekela kwendalo, inkunkuma, iindlela zokukhula kunye nokukhula.

IiHormoni ze-pituitary gland - indima yabo yomzimba emzimbeni womntu inkulu.

Somatotropin

I-Somatotropin (okanye i- hormone yokukhula) ayivelwanga ngokuqhubekayo, ukukhululwa kwayo kwenzeka kuphela ngamaxesha 3-4 ngosuku. Ukufihla kwayo kuyanda ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokulala, ngokunyamekela umzimba kunye nokuzila. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-hormone kuqhubela phambili ebomini bomntu, kodwa ubudala buncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo ze-hormone yokukhula, iiseli zihlukanisa i-fat and carbohydrates. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphantsi kweempembelelo ze-somatomedins eziveliswe esibindi, ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwanda kweprotheni, ukwenjenjalo ukukhula kwethambo kwenzeka.

Ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kwe-somatotropin ngesizathu esithile asinelisekile, ngoko kukhula. Kule meko, onke amanqanaba omzimba agcinwa, umzimba, ngokomthetho, uyinto eqhelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukungafaneleki komsebenzi we-pituitary gland ngqo kukuchaphazela ukukhula komntu.

Ukufihla ngokugqithisileyo kwe-somatotropin kubangela i-gigantism. Ukuba i-hypersecretion ivela ebuntwaneni, ngoko yonke imilinganiselo yomzimba ihlala, kwaye xa ikhulile, ukuveliswa kwemveliso kubangela ukuba i-acromegaly. Oku kubonakaliswe ngokulonganiswa okungafaniyo kwamalungu, impumlo kunye neengxuma, kunye nolwimi kunye nawo onke amalungu omzimba.

I-thyroid evuselela i-hormone (TSH)

Le hormone ilawula umsebenzi we-thyroid gland. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yayo, ukufihla kwe-triiodothyronine kunye ne-thyroxine kwenzeka. Isebenza i-enzyme adenylate cyclase, echaphazela ukuxutywa kwe-iodine ngamaseli e-thyroid gland. Ukongeza, phantsi kweempembelelo ze-TSH, iprotheni yamatabolism yenziwa: ukuveliswa kwe-nucleic acid kunye neprotein ye-protein yanda, ukukhula kwanda kwaye ubukhulu beeseli ze-thyroid zanda.

I-synthesis ye-TSH inako ukwandisa phantsi kwefuthe lokubanda. Ukuphendula okubanda kubomeleza ukuveliswa kwee-hormone ze-thyroid, oku kukukhokelela kwisizukulwana esininzi somlilo ngomzimba. I-Glucocorticoids iyakwazi ukuvimbela ukuveliswa kwe-TSH, enye iya kwenzeka phantsi kwefuthe le-anesthesia, ukuphendula kwentlungu okanye ukuxhwaleka.

I-secretary excessive ye-thyroid-stimulating hormone ibonakaliswa yimpawu zeklinikhi ze-thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism).

I-adenocorticotropic hormone

I-ACTH ihlanganiswa ngokungalingani ngexesha losuku. Ingqwalasela enkulu ibonwa ekuseni ukususela kwi-6.00 ukuya kuma-8.00 iiyure, ubuncinci - ngokuhlwa ukusuka ngo-18.00 ukuya ku-23.00. I-ACTH ilawula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-corticosteroids, ekhishwe ngamaseli e-adrenal cortex. Ukugcinwa kwe-corticosteroids kwanda ngeemeko ezinamandla, ezinjengokwesaba, umsindo, ukunyamezela okungapheliyo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-ACTH inefuthe ngqo kwi-balance balance of the person. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ACTH kuphuculwa ngempembelelo ebandayo kunye nobuhlungu, uxinzelelo olubi lomzimba. I-Hypoglycemia ivuselela imveliso ye-ACTH.

Ukufihla ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-hormone kunokugqithiswa kunye ne-adenoma ye-pituitary gland, esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi- Itzenko-Cushing's disease. Ukubonakaliswa kwalo: ixinzelelo, ukukhuluphala, kunye ne-fat deposits ziqokelela kwi-trunk kunye nobuso, kwaye izitho zihlala ziqhelekileyo, isishukela segazi, ukwanda kwe-immune defense.

Imveliso enganeleyo ye-ACTH ibangela ukuhla kwe-glucocorticoids, kwaye oko, kubonakaliswe kukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolism kunye nokunciphisa ukunyamezela kwendalo kwimiba yendalo.

IHonadotropic hormone

Zilawula umsebenzi wegonads zabasetyhini kunye namadoda. Ngaloo ndlela, i-folliculotropin yabasetyhini ikhuthaza ukubunjwa kobuqili kwi-ovari. Kwisiqingatha sesilisa, le mfihlelo iyathintela uphuhliso lweprotate kunye ne-spermatogenesis (ukwakheka kwe-spermatozoa).

I-Luteoptropine ilawula ukubunjwa kwe-androgens-i-hormone yamadoda (testosterone, androstenedione, njl.) Kunye ne-estrogens - ihomoni zezilwanyana (estriol, estradiol, njl).

Ngaloo ndlela, i-pituitary gland kunye nama-hormone ayo athatha inxaxheba kuwo wonke amalungu.

I-post lobe ye-pituitary gland

Ingxenye engezantsi ye-pituitary gland ibizwa ngokuba yi-neurohypophysis, iqukethe iiseli ze-epidermal ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cell cells. I-neurohypophysis, kwakunye ne-adenohypophysis, ivelisa ama-hormone. IHormones ye-lobe yangemva kwe-pituitary:

• Oxytocin;
• Vasopressin;
• Asparotocine;
• Vasotocin;
• Glumithocin;
• Valitocin;
• Isotocin;
• Mesotocin.

Zonke ii hormone zenza imisebenzi yazo emzimbeni womntu. Masithethe ngezinye zazo ngokwahlukileyo.

Oxytocin

Ngoko, i-hormone i-oxytocin ichaphazela ukutyunjwa kwezihlunu ze-uterine ngexesha lokubeletha. Phezulu kweembrane zeseli zi-receptors ezikhethekileyo, zithintela i-oxytocin. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, le hormone ayiyi kunyuka kwinqanaba elinokubangela umsebenzi onesivumelwano sombeleko. Kamsinya nje ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngokwawo, phantsi kweempembelelo ze-hormones ze-estrogen, ukwanda kwe-oxytocin kunye nokuzalwa kwenzeka. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kweeseli ze-myoepithelial ezisemgangathweni ye-mammary, ekhuthaza ukuveliswa kobisi.

Umphumo we-oxytocin kumzimba wesilisa awuzange ufundwe ngokwaneleyo. Kukholelwa ukuba unako ukuphazamisa umsebenzi weendonga zesisu, isilwane kunye nesisu.

Vasopressin (ADH)

I-Vasopressin (ibizwa ngokuba yi- antidiuretic hormone - ADH) yenza imisebenzi emibini emzimbeni. Unesiphumo sokubulala, Iphucula ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwamanzi kwiishubhu zokuqokelela iizintso kwaye, ngaphezu koko, kuchaphazela izihlunu ezihamba kakuhle ze-arterioles (imithambo encinci yegazi ephuma kwimibhobho), oko. Unako ukunciphisa i-lumen yabo. Kwiinkcenkceshelo zomzimba, le nyathelo ayibangele umphumo omkhulu kumzimba, kwaye kwiizidakamizwa ze-pharmacological ene-introduction ye-ADH kwimo ecocekileyo, i-arterioles encinci kakhulu, eyenza ukwanda kwenycinezelo.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-hormone ye-lobe yangasemva ye-pituitary gland, xa ingenakuphuhliswa kakuhle, ingabangela isifo se-diabetes insipidus (i-antidiuretic effect) apho i-15 ilitha yamanzi ngamanzi ingalahleka (ikhutshwe kunye nomchamo). Eli lahleko kufuneka lihlale lizaliswa. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela e-insipidus bahlale bomelewe.

I-lobe ephakathi ye-pituitary gland

Isabelo esiphakathi sivelisa inani lee-hormone, umzekelo, ziquka i-horanostimulating hormone, ejongene nombala wesikhumba kunye neenwele. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yalo, i-pigment melanin yenziwa, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujongeni abantu.

Ukubaluleka kwamahomoni e-pituitary

Umzimba we-pituitary (i-hormone nemisebenzi echazwe ngasentla) isebenza kunye ne-hypothalamus (isebe leengqondo eziphakathi), ngokuchanekileyo, i-neurosecretory nuclei yayo. Bonke benza i-hypothalamic-pituitary system. Ilawula umsebenzi weengcambu ze-endocrine zomhlaba. Ukuphululwa kwe-pituitary (izifo ezibangelwa i-hormonal disorders) kukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Ezi ngxaki zijongana noogqirha be-endocrinologists.

I-pituitary gland kunye nemisebenzi yayo emzimbeni ibaluleke kakhulu. Umsebenzi ochanekileyo kuzo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zixhomekeke kubo.

Izifo kunye neentsholongwane

Xa kuphakama iingxaki kwi-gland egciniweyo njenge-pituitary gland, i-hormone nemisebenzi yalo isebenze ngokungalungile, kwaye emzimbeni womzimba unokukhula:

• Acromegaly;
• Gigantism;
• Isifo seswekile
• Hypophyseal hypothyroidism okanye hyperthyroidism;
• Hypophyseal hypogonadism;
• Hyperprolactinemia;
• I-fascism ye-Pituitary;
• Isifo sika-Itenko-Cushing;
• Isifo seShihan.

Izifo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukubonwa ukuba i-pituitary ayilungisi i-hormone enye okanye emininzi, okanye, ngokuthe ngqo, igazi elininzi lingena kuzo. Imisebenzi kunye namahomoni e-pituitary gland yomzimba ibalulekile. Ukuphulwa kwabo kungabangela inani leentsholongwane ezidinga indlela enzulu kwaye kaninzi zifuna unyango lwe-hormonal.